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Study on the Role of Foreign Affiliates in GVCs Trade
최명식,Serah Choi,Bongsuk Sung 국제인문사회연구학회 2024 Studies on Humanities and Social Sciences (SHSC) Vol.6 No.1
Study on the Role of Foreign Affiliates in GVCs Trade Myoungshik Choi,* Serah Choi,** & Bongsuk Sung*** Abstract: This study investigates the multinational affiliates play an important role in explaining the international trade and investment. It analyzes both the self-selective effect which explains why some firms operate in more than one country while others do not and the learning-by effect which explains why firms use vertical supply chains rather than simply use own foreign facilities. Our empirical results are: First, the high productivity of firms increases FDI. Second, the integration increases foreign affiliates. Third, value-added trade within global value chains increases the profits of both exporters and foreign affiliates. Fourth, intra-firm trade decreases the profits of exporters and foreign affiliates. Key implications stand out: One is that the higher productivity of firms can increase the network of FDI-international trade. The other is that global value chained trade can increase the profits more than interiorization of one firm. This study suggests that it could be more benefits for high productive firms to increase GVCs free trade. Key Words: Foreign Affiliates, Global Value Chains, Learning-by Effect, Self-selection Effect, Value-added Exports □ Received: Jan. 1, 2024, Revised: Feb. 13, 2024, Accepted: Feb. 20, 2024* First Author, Professor, Kyonggi Univ., Email: msc50355@gmail.com** Co-author 1, Graduate Student, Sungkyunkwan, Univ. *** Co-author 2, Professor, Kyonggi Univ.
최명식,계기성,강동완,Choi, Myung-Sik,Kay, Kee-Sung,Kang, Dong-Wan 대한치과보철학회 1990 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.28 No.1
This study was done to analyze the occlusal curve as one of the factors to be considered for maintenance of occlusal stability in the orthodontic and prosthodontic treatments. Sixty gnathological casts we.e obtained from 43 subjects with normal occlusion and 17 subjects with some of temporomandibular disorders. The occlusal surfaces of gnathologic casts were duplicated by using a Color kit SK-700 and tile reference points of X, Y coordinates were digitized by using the Summagraphic digitizer and 18AT computer system. The Z coordinates of cusp height were measured by 0.01mm measurable caliper. The mathematical computer program of least square method was used to analyze the occlusal curve arranged by three dimensional coordinates of X, Y, Z. The following results were obtained : 1. The occlusal curve of buccal and lingual cusp tips was fitted to the ellipse, and the occlusal curve of anterior teeth was fitted to a part of the circle in the analysis of conic sections. 2. The radius of Spee's curve showed individual differences, but was average 98.7mm in male subjects and 93.7mm in female subjects. 3. The radius fo Spee's curve according to the half of canine width showed the least coefficient of variation. 4. The radius of Spee's curve was not significantly relative to the lateral occlusal contacts on laterotrusion and the absence or presence of temporomandibular disorders. 5. The radius of Wilson's curve showed individual difference and the size of radius was followed by the order of 1st premolar, 2nd premolar, 2nd molar and 1st molar.
연구논문 : 통화량에 의한 환율변동에 대한 소고: 메이저통화와 비메이저통화
최명식 ( Myoung Shik Choi ) 아시아문화학술원 2015 인문사회 21 Vol.6 No.1
세계경제에서 주요 국가들이 경기를 부양하여 성장을 지속하기 위해 통화량을 증가시키고 선진국의 막대한 자금이 개도국으로 유입되어 개도국의 성장을 촉진한다. 그런데 환율이 국내외 통화량의 경제적 비교우위에 따라 결정되므로 메이저 통화가 비메이저 통화와 상이하게 움직일 수 있다. 본 논문은 통화의 대외가치와 통화량과의 관계를 통해 이러한 차이를 경험적으로 분석하였다. 2000년 이후를 분석한 결과, 첫째, 메이저통화의 경우 환율의 균형으로부터 장기 이탈현상이 초과 외환보유고와 초과 통화량과 정의 관계로 나타났다. 대체로 초과 외환보유고가 1% 늘어나면 유로-달러화 환율이 0.62% 불균형 되지만 초과 통화량이 1% 증가하면환율 불균형은 1.24%로 늘어난다. 둘째, 비메이저통화의 경우에 환율의 장기 이탈현상이 초과 외환보유고와 음의 관계이고 초과 통화량과 정의 관계를 나타냈다. 그리고 위안화가 메이저통화로서의 위상이 두드러졌다. 셋째, 원화의 경우 환율의 장기 이탈현상이 초과 외환보유고와 초과 통화량과 음의 관계를 보였다. 초과 외환보유고가 1% 늘어나면 원-달러화 환율의 불균형이 1.06%감소하고 초과 통화량이 1% 증가하면 환율 불균형은 0.88% 줄어든다. 넷째, 미국 달러화의 경우 환율의 장기 이탈현상이 소규모 외환보유고의 초과와부의 관계이지만 초과 통화량과는 양의 관련성을 나타내었다. This article would like to explain the currency exchange gap between major and non-major currencies. Our estimation results confirm that the misalignments of foreign exchange rates are influenced by the net growth of money stocks from the long-term desired level and the net growth of foreign reserves stockpiles from the desired one since 2000. First, the misalignments in the exchange rates for majors have positive relationships with both the excess reserves and money. This indicates that a decrease in the excess international reserves and excess money stocks might lead to the exchange rate stabilization in the equilibrium. Second, the misalignments in the exchange rates for non-majors have negative relationships with the excess foreign reserves and positive relationships with excess money. Exceptionally, the misalignment of the won-dollar rate is adjusted by both -1.06% of the excess foreign reserves and -0.88% of the excess money. Third, the other currency exchanges against the US dollar seem to have negative relationships with the excess foreign reserves in the US and positive relationships with the excess money stock in the US dollar with some exceptions.
최명식(Myung-Sik Choi),이경환(Kyung-Hwan Lee) 한국자동차공학회 1995 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1995 No.11_2
The flame propagation in a gasoline engine has been measured through a high speed camera to understand combustion phenomena. The flame visualization has been performed at 1500rpm full load with and without knock, and 2000rpm part load condition on a DOHC single cylinder engine. At the beginning of engine start without preheating of the engine, misfire has occurred frequently and the color of flame is yellow. After an engine is heated and stabilized. the color of flame is blue. As knock is occurred in full load condition, there is a tendency .that the yellow flame is erupted more severely from intake squish area toward a center of a combustion chamber than full load condition without knock.<br/>