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The effect of 2,6-pyridinedimethanol applied on behalf of ZnO to inverted organic solar cells
진호철,정미진,이준호,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),김주현 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.0
Until now, many researchers have proved that decreasing a Schottky barrier can be a way to improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells. 2,6-pyridinedimethanol (2,6-PydiOH) is applied to inverted organic solar cells (iOSCs) based on the configuration with ITO / 2,6-PydiOH / PTB7:PC71BM / MoO3 / Ag to decreasing the Schottky barrier. A thin layer of the 2,6-PydiOH induces an interface dipole on the ITO layer. The PCE of the devices the 2,6-PydiOH is applied achieved 7.44% with a short circuit current density (J<sub>sc</sub>) of 14.65 mA/㎠, an open circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>) of 0.71 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 67.9%, respectively. It is noteworthy that the PCE for devices with the 2,6-PydiOH has a value similar to those with ZnO. It is possible to fabricate the high efficiency iOSCs without any thermal annealing over 150°C.
진호철,김동근,( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),김주현 한국공업화학회 2018 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2018 No.0
As the fossil fuels that are currently being used are depleted, renewable energy industry recently has become active. And the one of renewable energy is solar cells. Especially, Organic solar cell (OSC) is a one of effective ways to convert solar source to electrical energy. Recently, many researchers have tried to achieve higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSC by developing new semiconducting materials. In this study, we design the new small molecules with organic hydroxyl groups and intercalate between ZnO layer and active layer. Herein, hydroxyl groups induce the favorable interface dipole for these electron transfer layer (ETL) to enhance PCE. And we investigate the effect of interface dipole from hydroxyl groups on photovoltaic parameters.
진호철,김동근,( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),김주현 한국공업화학회 2018 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2018 No.0
Two easily accessible fluorene-substituted conjugated oligo-electrolytes (COEs), FTF- and FBF-NBr, have been developed as the electron transfer layers (ETLs) in inverted type organic solar cells (iOSCs). The iOSCs with ETLs show to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and time-dependent stability of the cell that utilizes a high work function cathode. FBF- and FTF-NBr significantly improve the device parameters compared to the reference solar cells without ETLs, as reduce the work function of indium thin oxide (ITO). In this work, COEs have low HOMO levels -5.54 eV and -5.77 eV for FTF-NBr and FBF-NBr in order, which are favorable to hole-blocking ability. In order to investigate the effect of ETL on the photovoltaic properties, the iOSCs with FBF- and FTF-NBr as the interlayer at the cathode side were fabricated. As a result, the PCE of 7.89% with FBF-NBr and 8.05% with FTF-NBr as the ETL has been achieved.
진호철,정미진,이준호,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),손동환,김주현 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.1
The efficiency of devices is essential prerequisite for the energy industry. For high efficiency, it is important to decrease the interfacial resistance of the device composed of multi-layers. This can be easily achieved by inserting new electrolyte between the photoactive layer and electrode. We designed new electrolyte, named 2,2’-(ethane-1,2- diylbis(oxy))bis(N,N,N-trimethylethananminium) benzenesulfonate (TEG-2OTs), inserted as a thin layer. The result obviously showed the correlation between device efficiency and the decreasing of a Schottky barrier, where the Schottky barrier was induced from the difference between acceptor material’s LUMO and electrode (the difference without electrolyte 0.34, with eletrolyte 0.01). The decreasing of the Schottky barrier originated from the induced-dipole at the cathode interface from the electrolyte which lead to the well matched efficiency of the devices (PCEs of 7.48% and 7.78%, respectively).
진호철,김주현,정미진,이준호,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ) 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.0
For high-efficiency organic solar cells, it is a required condition that photogenerated electrons move smoothly to the cathode. This can be achieved by introducing electrolytes into the cathode buffer layer (CBL). Using structural flexibility of organic electrolytes, we investigated the alkyl chain length’s effect about the solar cell efficiency based on fixed core structure, alkyl-quaternized bipyridine with tosylate. The organic electrolytes were named V-C4-OTs, V-C6-OTs, and V-C12-OTs, respectively. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) and incident photonto- electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) were investigated with the device structure of ITO/ZnO/CBL/Aactive/MoO<sub>3</sub>/Ag. Work function was also investigated using Kelvin probe microscopy (KPM) measurements. The improved PCE and IPCE were induced by enhancement of the photogenerated current density, which be matched with decrease of a Schottky barrier well.
Association of acidity in Polyfluorene based-Electrolytes with the Photovoltaic Properties
진호철,정미진,이준호,( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),손동환,김주현 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.1
The interfacial effect on photogenerated holes and electrons transfer is known related with a Schottky barrier and the resistance of device. Herein, we investigated the association of acidity in polyfluorene based-electrolytes (PFN) with the photovoltaic properties, such as the Schottky barrier and the resistance of device. The PFN has been famous, but the association between PFN and acid is rarely investigated. Thus, we selected four materials with different acidity, where the pKa value are from 4.7 to -2.8. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) were performed to investigate the effect of acidity. To explain the photovoltaic parameter, especially the short-circuit current density (Jsc) and the fill factor (FF), the Kelvin probe microscopy and the impedence spectroscopy were performed. The result shows well-matched association with the photovoltaic properties, where the high Jsc correspond to the low Schottky barrier and the high FF correspond to the high recombination resistance.
A New Electrolyte with 4-methylbenzenesulfonte as Cathode Buffer Layer in Organic Solar Cells
진호철,김주현,정미진,이준호,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ) 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.0
As interest in protecting the environment grows, interest in pollutionfree energy source is also increasing. Among them, solar cells have been studied a lot to improve the performance of that. To achieve this, it is important to reduce the Schottky barrier between layers. Many research shows that the decrease of a Schottky barrier can lead better electron transfer property which is induced by formation of a favorable dipole at the cathode interface. Herein, 2,2’-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(N,N,Ntrimethylethananminium) benzenesulfonate (TEG-tos) was designed and synthesized by ion exchange reaction simply. To look into the effect of the dipole at the cathode interface, TEG-tos was inserted in the organic solar cells based on the configuration with ITO / ZnO / TEG-tos / PTB7:PC71BM / MoO3 / Ag. The kelvin probe microscopy measurement was also performed to quantify the effect of the dipole at the cathode interface.
Association of alkyl chain length in the Electrolytes with the Photovoltaic Properties
진호철,정미진,이준호,( Sabrina Aufar Salma ),( Ratna Dewi Maduwu ),손동환,김주현 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.1
It is a requirement for high-performance bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells to investigate the interfacial effect on photogenerated holes and electrons transfer. As it is known, the smooth transfer can be achieved by decreasing the Schottky barrier. Herein, we investigated the association of alkyl chain length in the electrolytes, 1,1'-bis(1-alkyl)-4,4′-bipyridine-1,1′-diium benzenesulfonate (V-butyl-2OTs, V-hexyl-2OTs, and V-dodecyl-2OTs). The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and the Schottky barrier of the electrolytes were calculated to 8.1%/0.37, 8.3%/0.30, and 8.6%/0.23, respectively, where the Schottky barrier was induced from the difference between acceptor material’s LUMO and electrode. The obvious correlation was found between the PCE and the Schottky barrier. The photogenerated current density which well-matched with the decreasing of the Schottky barrier by the interfacial dipole from the electrolytes become the main reason of the enhancement of the PCEs.
진호철,김윤환,김동근,김주현 한국공업화학회 2017 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2017 No.1
Two easily accessible fluorene-based conjugated oligo-electrolytes (COEs) FTF- and FBF-NBr have been developed as the cathode interfacial layer (CIL) in inverted type polymer solar cells (iPSCs). CILs are interpretative to improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability of the polymer photovoltaic cell that utilizes a high work function cathode. Compared to the reference devices without interlayer, FBF- and FTF-NBr exhibit significant improvements of the device parameters by reducing the work function of indium thin oxide (ITO). Conjugated oligo-electrolytes in this work have low lying HOMO levels -5.54 eV for FTF-NBr and -5.77 eV for FBF-NBr which are beneficial to hole-blocking ability. The iPSCs with FBF- and FTF-NBr as the inter layer at the cathode side were fabricated to investigate the effect of CIL on the photovoltaic properties. As a result, the PCE of 7.89% with FBF-NBr and 8.05% with FTF-NBr as the CIL has been achieved.