제주도 문섬 산호서식지 주변의 생물생태학적 특성 I. 환경특성과 식물플랑크톤의 군집구조

좌종헌,이준백,Choa, Jong-Hun,Lee, Joon-Baek 한국해양학회 2000 바다 Vol.5 No.1

제주도 문섬주변 연성산호 서식지의 생물생태학적 특성을 파악하기 위해 1995년 9월부터 1996년 7월까지 격월 간격으로 해양환경요인과 식물플랑크톤군집을 조사하였다. 연평균 수온과 연평균 염분은 각각 $17.4^{\circ}C$, 34.06psu 로써 동계에 저온고염, 하계에 고온저염 현상을 보여 산호초 형성에는 부적당한 조건을 나타내었다. 영양염류 분포는 총무기질소가 $0.07{\sim}10.08\;{\mu}M$, 인산-인이 $0.05{\sim}1.70\;{\mu}M$, 규산-규소가 $3.08{\sim}21.86\;{\mu}M$였으며, 연 평균 N/P비는 $9.59{\sim}10.60$의 범위로 외해로 갈수록 낮았고 질소원이 식물플랑크톤의 제한요인으로 작용하고 있다고 생각된다. 유광층의 깊이는 연평균 32.0 m($18.9{\sim}48.6m$)로 계절에 따라 차이가 있으며 산호의 분포수심과 상관관계를 보였다. 식물플랑크톤 chlorophyll a량의 분포는 $0.12{\sim}1.51\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, 현존량은 $1.5{\times}10^3{\sim}7.0{\times}10^5\;cells\;L^{-1}$의 범위로써 내해가 외해보다 높고 춘계에 대증식을 나타내었다. 식물플랑크톤의 출현종수는 총 55속 128종으로 돌말류 99종, 와편모조류 26종, 규질편모조류 2종, 남조류가 1종이 출현하였고 연중 주로 돌말류로 구성되어 있지만 하계에는 와편모조류의 출현종수가 증가하였다. 우점종은 Paralia sulcata (Ehrenberg) Cleve와 Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) Lewin & Reimann 등이 주요종으로서 이들 저서성 돌말류가 산호의 주먹이원으로 작용할 것으로 추정되며, 종다양성 지수의 연 평균은 1.84로 제주도 해안의 일반적인 값보다 다소 낮았다. Environmental factors and phytoplankton community have been bimonthly investigated in order to clarify the bioecological characteristics of coral habitats around Moonsom at the southern Cheju Island from September 1995 to July 1996. Annual mean temperature and annual mean salinity were $17.4^{\circ}C$ and 34.06 psu, respectively, showing lower temperature-higher salinity in winter and higher temperature-lower salinity in summer, which means such conditions are inadequate for coral reef formation. Nutrient concentrations represent that total nitrogen ranged from $0.07{\sim}10.08\;{\mu}M$, phosphate from $0.05{\sim}1.70\;{\mu}M$, and silicate from $3.08{\sim}21.86\;{\mu}M$. The N/P ratio showed the range of 9.59-10.60 with decreasing offshore-ward, which means the phytoplankton community could be limited by nitrogen sources. Annual mean euphotic depth was 32.0m (18.9m-48.6m) with difference according to season and reveals the close relationship with the depth of coral distribution. Chlorophyll a concentrations of phytoplankton ranged from $0.12{\sim}1.51\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ and standing crops from $1.5{\times}10^3{\sim}7.0{\times}10^5\;cells\;L^{-1}$, showing higher at inshore than at offshore with a blooming in May. A total of 128 species of phytoplankton occurred in all stations, representing 99 spp. of diatoms, 26 spp. of dinoflagellates, 2 spp. of silicoflagellates and 1 sp. of blue-green algae. Diatoms are main taxa in all seasons except for occupying by dinoflagellates in summer. Among dominant species, fParalia sulcata (Ehrenberg) Cleve and Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) Lewin & Reimann were predominant and are likely to be main food sources for coral community. Annual mean species diversity index (H') was 1.84, showing lower than around the coast line of Cheju Island.

용암석을 사용한 해중림 조성용 인공 조초 개발에 관한 실험적 연구

홍종현(CHONG-HYUN HONG),좌종헌(JONG-HUN CHOA) 한국해양공학회 2008 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.22 No.3

Topics discussed in this paper are engineering design of artificial reefs, design considerations of compressive strength and pH, materials of silica fume concrete and volcanic stones for reef construction, and field monitoring of artificial reefs. Six artificial reefs were deployed offshore at Biyangdo in July 2006, and succession patterns on the reefs were investigated bimonthly from July 2006 to October 2007. The spore-bag method, which has been widely used in Korea for the attachment of seaweed on artificial reefs, was applied to the developed reefs using the kelp Ecklonia cava, which is the dominant species in Jeju, and recruitment and growth patterns were observed.

다공질 인공어초 (반톱니형)에서 진행된 해조천이 및 해중림 조성

조성환 ( Sung Hwan Cho ),최창근 ( Chang Geun Choi ),좌종헌 ( Jong Hun Choa ) 한국수산과학회 2007 한국수산과학회지 Vol.40 No.4

제주도 한림항과 성산항 일대 식물플랑크톤의 군집동태

이준백,좌종헌 제주대학교 해양연구소 1990 해양자원연구소연구보고 Vol.14 No.-

제주도 동부 연안역의 생물생태학적 기초연구(ll) 우도주변 식물 플랑크톤 군집동태와 일차생산력

이준백,좌종헌,고유봉,최영찬 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學硏究 Vol.7 No.1

제주도 동부연안역인 우도해역에서 1991년 9월부터 1992년 6월까지 격월로 식물플랑크톤 동태와 일차생산력의 수평적 및 수직적 정성, 정량자료를 분석하였다. 조사기간중 출현한 총 출현종수는 89종이며 규조류가 가장 많았고 그 외 와편모조류와 규질편모조류가 출현하였다. 이중 Chaetoceros diadema, C. socialis, Skeletonema costatum, Prorocentrum micans가 계절적 천이경향을 보이면서 우점하였다. 개체수의 월변화는 4,116∼588.68cells/l의 범위로써 11월에 최소치, 3월에 최대치를 보였다. 개체수의 수직분포는 수괴의 수직혼합 및 성층과 밀접한 관계를 보이고 있다. 수층의 평균 일일 일차생산력은 연안역 (정점1)에서 210.17(4.34∼588.68)mgC/m²/day, 외해역(정점7)에서 309.35(4.25∼804.55)mgC/m²/day를 나타내었다. 미세식물플랑크톤 (<20㎛)의 총 일차생산력에 대한 비율은 연안에서 37.6%와 외해에서 67.6%를 차지하며 외해역에서 더 높은 생산력을 보였다. 식물플랑크톤의 동화계수는 표층에서 0.17∼12.05mgC/mgChl-a/hr의 범위로써 춘계와 하계에서 높았다. 와편모조류중 Prorocentrum micans의 대발생은 하계의 저염현상과 밀접한 관계를 보였다. This study has been carried out to understand the dynamics and primary productivity of phytoplankton around U-do, eastern part of Cheju Island from September 1991 to June 1992. During the survey a total of 89 species were identified, comprising mainly diatom, and dinoflagellate and silicoflagellate as minority. Of these, Chaetoceros diadema, C. socialis, Skeletonema costatum, Prorocentrum micans predominated with seasonal succession. The cell number ranged from 4,116 to 812,748cell/l, showing the minimum in November and the maximum in March. The vertical distribution of cell number related closely with the vertical mixing and stratification of the water mass. The mean depth-integrated primary productivity was 210.17 (4.34∼588.68)mgC/㎡/day at st.1 (nearshore) and 309.36 (4.25∼804.55)mgC/㎡/day at st. 7 (offshore). The nanoplankton fraction (<20㎛)accounted for 37.4% and 67.6% of total primary productivity at st. 1 and st.7, respectively, representing higher productivities at offshore than at nearshore. Assimilation number by phytoplankton at the surface ranged from 0.17 to 12.05mgC/mgChl-a/hr, showing higher values in spring and summer. Dinoflagellate bloom of Prorocentrum micans may have a close relationship with the presence of lower salinity in summer.

제주도 해안선 주변 부착규조류의 종조성 및 분포

이준백,좌종헌,김일수 제주대학교 해양연구소 1991 해양자원연구소연구보고 Vol.15 No.-

The distribution and species composition of periphytic diatoms around the coast line of Cheju Island have been investigated at four costal stations from April 1991 to June 1991. During the study period, 71 taxa periphytic diatoms are collected, of which are composed of 11 families, 32 genera, 59 species. 12 unidentified species. More than 20% of periphytic diatoms are occupied by the 12 abundant species. Cucconeis scutellum, Cylindrotheca closterium, Licmophora abbreviata are observed in all the coasts and all the attached substratum, and predominated more than 50% so that these species are the most typical dominant species troughout the study period.

제주도 문섬 산호서식지 주변의 생물생태학적 특성 Ⅱ. 식물플랑크톤의 군집동태와 1차생산력

이준백,좌종헌,강동우,고유봉,오봉철 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 2000 연구보고 Vol.14 No.-

Community dynamics of phytoplankton and primary productivity have been investigated bimonthly from February 1997 to December 1997 in the coastal area around Moonsom of the southern Cheju Island, which is well-known for soft coral habitats in Korea. Average water temperature was 18.5℃ , being stratified from May to September by the seasonal thermocline, while vertically homogeneous in the winter. Euphotic depths ranged from 18.9 m to 45.9 m (average 33.7 m). Chlorophyll α concentrations varied from 0.02 to 0.92 ㎍ · ℓ-1 Standing crops of phytoplankton ranged from 2×103 to 3.9×105 cells · ℓ-1, showing a peak only in the spring. Diatoms occupied 67.5% of the total standing crops, while phytoflagellates, dinoflagellates and others 24.3%, 7.1% and 1%, respectively. However phytoflagellates and dinoflagellates were predominated with 36.6% and 38.7% in June, respectively. There was four dominant species in the study area. Chaetoceros sociales Lauder was dominant species from December to April, Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg in June. In August, Chaetoceros socialis Lauder dominated in inshore but Paralia sulcata (Ehrenberg) Cleve in offshore. In October, Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Gran dominated the whole area. Daily primary productivity varied from 32.3 to 364.9 mg C · m-2 . day-1 (average 180.7 mgC · m-2 . day-1). Contribution of nanoplankton (<20 ㎛) to daily primary productivity was very high, accounting for 28.0-82.8%. Annual primary productivity is estimated 65.97 gC · m-2 ·yr-1, which is lower than those of the coast of Yellow Sea and the southern waters. Nanoplankton seemed to adopt higher irradiances with Ik values of 190-1,000 □· m-2·s-1 (mean 526.7 □ · m-2·s-1) than total phytoplankton with 140-850 □ ·m-2·s-1 (mean 466.7 □· m-2·s-1).

濟州道 海岸線周邊 附着硅藻類의 種組成 및 分布

李埈伯,左宗憲,金日洙 濟州大學校海洋硏究所 1991 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.15 No.-

제주도 해안선주변 부착규조류의 종조성 및 분포를 조사하기 위해 1991년 4월부터 1991년 6월사이에 4개의 해안역 정점에서 실시하였다. 조사기간 중 채집된 부착규조류는 총 71종으로 11과, 32속, 59종, 12미동정종으로 구성되어있으며, 전 해안에서 출현한 부착규조류중 점유율이 20% 이상되는 우점종은 모두 12종이었다. 전 정점 및 전 부착기질에서 관찰된 Cocconeis scutellum, Cylindrotheca closterium, Licmophara abbreviata 등은 50% 이상의점유율을 보여 본 연구를 통하여 조사된 부착규조류중 가장 대표적인 우점종이라 할 수 있다. The distribution and species composition of periphtic diatoms around the coast line of Cheju Island have been investigated at four costal stations from April 1991 to June 1991. During the study period, 71 taxa periphytic diatoms are collected, of which are composed of 11 famillies, 32 genera, 59 species, 12 unidentified species. More than 20% of periphytic diatoms are occupied by the 12 abundant species. Coccneis scutellum, Cylindrotheca closterium, Licmophara abbreviata are observed in all the coasts and all the attached substratum, and predominated more than 50% so that these species are the moat typical dominant species troughout the study period.

제주도 한림항과 성산항 일대 식물플랑크톤의 군집동태

이준백,좌종헌 濟州大學校海洋硏究所 1990 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.14 No.-

제주도 동ㆍ서 연안역의 식물플랑크톤 군집동태 및 환경요인과의 상관관계를 비교 파악하기위해 한림항과 성산항 주변해역의 정점을 중심으로 1989년 8월부터 1990년 5월까지 매월 조사를 실시하였다. 두 항만 해역에서 공통으로 출현한 종의 비율은 49.2%로써 종조성에서 차이를 보였으나 Skeletonema costatum, Chaetoceros socialis 등이 두 해역에서 공통적으로 춘계에 75% 이상의 높은 점유율로 우점하고 있었다. 현종량은 한림항에서3,277∼1,952,809, 성산항에서 6,458∼1,799,870 cells/ℓ분포를 보였지만, 대중식의 양상은 한림항은 춘계에 성산항은 추계에 발생하여 계절적으로 다른 양상을 보였다. C-4 법에 의한 일일 기초생산량은 한림항이 0.768∼3.119, 성산항이 0.533-5.889 ㎎ C/㎥/day로 성산항이 높았으며 탄소동화율도 성산항이 한림항 보다 높은 값을 나타내었다. 식물플랑크톤과 환경요인과의 상관관계는 한림항은 수온, 용존산소, 총질산-질소(r²=0.467), 그리고 성산항은 염분, 용존산소, 총인산-(r²=0.492)의 영향을 받고 있었다. 요인분석에 의한 두 해역의 생태적 특성은 모두 수온의 증가 및 영양염류의 유입과 그로인한 식물플랑크톤의 증가로 나타났다. The phytoplankton dynamics and correlations between phytoplankton community and environmental factors in the western and eastern area of Cheju Island have been monthly investigated at eight stations of Hanrim harbor and nine stations of Songsan harbor from August,1989 to May, 1990. The ratio of common species occurred at two areas was 49.2%, showing the diffrence in species composition. The dominant species, however, of Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros socialis, comprised more than 75% commonly at two areas in spring season. Phytoplankton standing crops have showed the ranges of 3,277∼1,952,809 and 6,458-1,799,870 cells/ℓ at Hanrim and Songsan respectively, blooming in sping at Hanrim and in fall at Songsan. Daily primary production using C-14 method ranged 0.768∼3.119 and 0.533-5.889 ㎎ C/㎥/day at Hanrim and Songsan respectively, and carbon assimilation number at Songsan has showed higher than at Hanrim as well. The correlations between phytoplankton and environmental factors suggest that water temperature, dissolved oxygen and total nitrate-nitrogen affected the phytolankton standing crops(r²=0.467) at Hanrim, whereas salinity, dissolved oxygen and total phosphate-phosphorous affected it(r²=0.492) at Songsan. From factor analysis, it is speculated that the ecological characteristic of two survey area is phytoplankton blooming by the increase of water temperature and the inflow of nutrients.