한국 전통사찰에 있어서 부불전의 건축요소와 의장적 특성에 관한 연구

조정식,Cho, Jeong-Sik 한국조경학회 2010 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.38 No.5

본 연구는 전통사찰에 자리잡고 있는 부불전의 건축적 특성을 파악하기 위하여 25개 사찰을 대상으로 건축요소와 의장요소를 고찰한 것이다. 연구의 대상이 된 한 부불전은 명부전, 영산전, 응진전, 약사전, 원통전, 미륵전이며, 이들에 대하여 건축의 규모, 지붕의 형태, 공포구성, 단청, 닫집의 유무 및 형태를 상호비교하여 부불전의 현황을 분석하였다. 명부전은 모든 사찰에 조성되어 있지만(25사례)규모나 건축요소(지붕, 공포)등에서 가장 획일적인 모습으로 나타났다. 영산전(14사례)과 응진전(15사례)도 대부분 3간 규모이며, 맞배지붕과 익공식이 주류를 이루고 있음을 알 수 있다. 반면에 관음전(12사례)은 팔작지붕의 사례가 8사례이며, 내부의 단청도 금단청을 사용한 사례가 9건, 그리고 닫집이 있는 경우도 6건에 이르는 등, 부불전 중에서 가장 화려한 건축요소가 구사되어 있다. 약사전은 사례수는 적지만(6건) 대부분이 공포를 사용하고 있으며, 소규모 건물임에도 불구하고 각 사찰의 약사전은 대부분이 문화재로 지정되어 있을 정도로 건축적 가치가 높이 평가 받고 있다. The purpose of this study is to identify the architectural design elements of secondary shrines in traditional Buddhist temples in Korea. For this study, a survey of six kinds of secondary shrines (Myemgbujem, Yeongsanjeon, Eungjinjem, Yaksajeoun, Gwaneumjeon, Mireukjeon), according to specified design elements(building sizes, roof styles, Gongpo, Dancheong, shape of Datjip), was conducted. The results of this study are summarized as follows; Myeongbujem is built in every temples(25 examples), most having simila1ities in sizes and architectural elements(roof, Gongpo structure, Dancheong, Datjip). The majority of Yemgsanjeon(l4 examples) and Eungjinjem shrines(l5 examples) are mostly 3-Gan sized buildings, having a Matbaejibung and Ikkmg structural system. Gwaneumjeon, on the other hands, has 1he most elaborate architectural elements. Among 12 cases, 8 buildings have Paljakjibung, 9 buildings have Silk-Dancheong in innerspace, and Datjip are included in six buildings. Yaksajeon shrines are small in mnnber, but most of these shrines have a Dapo structure, and, despite of their size, are designated as cultural properties.

돈황 막고굴에 나타난 다보탑의 변천

조정식,김버들,조해현,김보람,Cho, Jeong-Sik,Kim, Bue-Dyel,Jo, Jae-Hyun,Kim, Bo-Ram 한국건축역사학회 2013 건축역사연구 Vol.22 No.5

This study aims to investigate the architectural characteristics of the Da-bo stupa by examining the correlation among architectural languages and by studying the features of its architectural components and transitional changes shown in Da-bo stupa line drawings in Dunhuang Mogao Grottes. The results are as follows. 1st, the Da-bo stupa of Dunhuang faithfully follows the sutra of lotus, and although the form changes, the fundamental essence of Bo-tap-yong-chul and two seated Buddhas provided by the Gyun-bo-tap-pum in the sutra of lotus is consistent. 2nd, the pagoda body can be periodically divided into parasol, stupa, and royal palace types. The parasol type has an incomplete tower body, which makes distinguishing each of its architectural components difficult. The stupa type appeared between the early (AD 618-712) and middle (AD 766-835) Tang dynasty. It combines the form of Indian stupa type and East Asian wood structural architecture. The royal palace type, which appeared between the peak period of the Tang (713-765) and Sung Dynasties, shows the standardized pattern of the Da-bo stupa described as two seated Buddhas and Bo-tap-yong-chul. 3rd, the use of a stylobate does not appear in the early construction of Da-bo stupa, only in the later period, in the form of high pillars. Forms include many Su-mi-jwah and three-way stairways and Dab-do, but as time passes, the forms are simplified to the form of high pillars. 4th, the purpose of early Da-bo stupa was to provide space for Da-bo-yu-rae of Gyun-bo-tap-pum; hence, it did not have sangryoon(the top part). However, after it was influenced by general pagodas, sangryoon was established. Toward the Tang Dynasty, sangryoon has come to emphasize the forms of boryoon(nine wheels) or dome. However, this form is eventually simplified to only retain bo-joo(the orb).

산소농축공기용 폴리설폰 막에 의한 산소와 질소의 분리

조정식,강석원,이광래,이준성,최기석 ( Jung Shik Cho,Seok Won Kang,Kwang Rae Lee,Jun Seong Lee,Kie Seok Choi ) 한국화학공학회 1996 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.2 No.2

돈황 막고굴 벽화내 다보탑의 주처(住處)공간적 의미와 그 변화 연구

조정식,김버들,조재현,김보람,Cho, Jeong-Sik,Kim, Bue-Dyel,Cho, Jae-Hyeon,Kim, Bo-Ram 한국건축역사학회 2013 건축역사연구 Vol.22 No.6

This study aims to examine the early use of Da-bo tap and their transformation by analyzing the various meanings of the term pagoda in Chinese translations, the Sanskrit version of the Lotus Sutra, as well as Dabotap in the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang. In addition, we aim to highlight changes in Dabotap usage, which started out as residential spaces, but transformed into burial spaces over time. The details can be summarized as follows. First, early Buddhist monuments were usually either pagodas serving as burial places for the dead or shrines that were not. A Dabotap is a type of pagoda enshrining the body of Prabhutaratna, and was initially used as a residential space, rather than a burial place for the dead. Second, the terms stupa and caitya are clearly distinguished from each other in the Sanskrit scriptures, and stupa is also further classified into dhatu, sarisa, and atmabhava based on the object being enshrined. In Gyeon-bo-tab-pum, the preconditions for caitya to transform into stupa is presented by explaining that worshipping the space enshrining the body of Prabhutaratna is worthy of the same status as the space enshrining sarira. Third, the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang had been depicted from the Western Wei of the Northern Dynasties until the time of the Yuan Dynasty. It was used as a residential space until the early Sui Dynasty, but was used as both residence and burial places until the Tang Dynasty when pagodas were first being constructed with wheel or circles forms on top, which then gradually changed into stupa (grave towers).

창덕궁 후원부의 공간경계요소(담장)에 관한 연구

조정식,조진동,Cho, Jeong-Sik,Cho, Jin-Dong 한국건축역사학회 2015 건축역사연구 Vol.24 No.1

This study aims to investigate the physical characteristics and architectural ornaments of the walls (DamJang) and their bordering area that defines the Rear Garden of Changdeok-gung, one of the Royal Palaces in Seoul. This area, centered on Buyong-ji(부용지) and Aeryeon-ji(애련지), features the morphological diversity of buildings, walls, gates and stone bases in the palace. The findings are summarized as follows: First, DamJang, as a basic architectural element for the space organization, takes a set of various forms featuring different construction materials while responding positively to the physiographic nature of the surroundings; Second, DamJang along with their gates, also features different types of ornamental expressions which also suggest the hierarchy of its building and space; Third, typical of the traditional garden design in Korea are a group of DamJang standing as independent structures mostly around Buyong-ji and Aeryeon-ji whose finishing conditions also differ based on the nature of the space; Fourth, among commonly observed examples of DamJang in the Rear Garden and Changdeok-gung palace-wide, is a 'T' shaped wall whose heights and materials function as a design element for the garden.

Feed-Forward Control of Transient Gain Dynamics of an EDFA for Optical Burst Networks

조정식,Min-Jae Cho,원용협 한국전자통신연구원 2007 ETRI Journal Vol.29 No.5

In this letter, we demonstrate a technique for suppression of transients in output bursts of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) in an optical burst network. To suppress the transients, the EDFA is forward-fed by non-fluctuating input utilizing a power-modulated burst control packet channel. Using the technique, we obtained a maximum 1.7 dB reduction in gain transient in the EDFA output, and we transmitted 9.953 Gbps data bursts and 2.488 Gbps burst control packets stably.

RFID tag를 위한 강력한 Yoking Proof Protocols

조정식,여상수,김성권,Cho, Jung-Sik,Yeo, Sang-Soo,Kim, Sung-Kwon 한국통신학회 2007 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.32 No.3A

RFID 시스템은 작고 값싼 태그를 물품에 부착하여, 이를 이용해서 물품들을 식별하는 비접촉식 자동인식 시스템이다. 이 시스템은 현재 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 접촉식 판독 기법인 바코드를 대처할 것으로 예상된다. RFID 시스템은 다양한 응용분야가 존재한다. 그 중 Ari Juels는 2개의 태그가 동시에 인식된 것을 증명할 필요가 있는 환경을 설명하고, 이를 위한 프로토콜로 yoking proof 프로토콜을 제안하였다. 하지만 yoking proof 프로토콜은 재생 공격에 약하다. 이를 보완하기 위한 변형된 yoking proof 프로토콜들이 제안되었지만, 역시 재생 공격에 자유롭지 못했다. 본 논문에서는 기존 yoking proof프로토콜들의 문제점을 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 재생 공격을 어렵게 하는 새로운 프로토콜을 제안한다. 또한 이 프로토콜을 n개의 태그에 대한 yoking proof를 제공할 수 있도록 프로토콜을 확장시켰다. The RFID system is a non-contact automatic identification system that identifies tags through a reading device by attaching small, inexpensive tags on goods. This system is expected to supplant barcodes, the contactless reading technique that is most widely used at present. The RFID system can be applied in a variety of areas. Among those, Ari Juels proposed an environment to prove that a pair of tags has been scanned simultaneously And he presented a yoking proof protocol for this. But the yoking-proof protocol is vulnerable to replay attack. Although modified yoking-proof protocols for alleviating this drawback have been proposed, they are not immune to replay attack, either. In this paper, we analyze problems of existing yoking-proof protocols and present a new protocol, which will make replay attack difficult, based on this analysis. We have also extend this protocol so that it can provide yoking proofs for n tags.

망상어 척출자궁(剔出子宮)에 대(對)한 자율신경계(自律神經系)의 작용(作用)

조정식,Cho, Jyoung-Sick 대한약리학회 1970 대한약리학잡지 Vol.6 No.1

The author studied the actions of autonomic drugs on the uterine muscle isolated from Ditrema temmincki Bleeker, and the results obtained were summerized as follows. 1) The motility of the fish uterus was stimulated by epinephrine, norepinephrine and phenylephrine, but inhibited by isoproterenol. 2) The inhibitory effects of isoproterenol on the fish uterus was not affected by phenoxybenzamine, but blocked by propranolol. 3) The excitatory effects of phenylephrine on the fish uterus were blocked by phenoxybenzamine, but stimulated by propranolol. 4) The excitatory effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine were reversed by phenoxybenzamine and stimulated by propranolol. 5) The motility of the fish uterus pretreated with phenoxybenzamine and propranolol was not affected by isoproterenol, phenylephrine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. 6) It seemed that the uterine muscle of the fish had both alpha excitatory and beta inhibitory receptors. 7) The motility of the uterus of the fish was stimulated by acetylcholine. The stimulating action of acetylcholine was antagonized by atropine. 8) The motility of fish uterus was not affected by nicotine and DMPP. The actions of these drugs were not affected by pretreatment with hexamethonium and atropine. 9) It is, therefore, concluded that there are not present ganglia cells furnished with cholinergic fiber in the uterine wall of the fish.

연구발표초록 - 특별강연 ( 공업화학 ) : 기포조의 물질이동용량계수의 연구

조정식,전해수,약미법소 ( J . S . Cho,H . S . Chun,N . Wakao ) 한국화학공학회 1990 춘계학술발표회 Vol.- No.-

소개글: 철도의 강아치교

조정식(Jung Sik Cho) 한국강구조학회 2007 韓國鋼構造學會誌 Vol.19 No.4