朝鮮王陵의 陵域 復元에 관한 硏究

조운연(Cho Woon yuen) 국립고궁박물관 2010 古宮文化 Vol.- No.3

조선왕조의 최고 통치자인 왕과 왕비의 무덤은 우리나라에 현존하는 역대 왕릉 중에 원형이 잘 남아있을 뿐만 아니라 왕릉에서 이루어지는 산릉제례가 현재까지도 이어지고 있다. 또한 능의 조영에 관한 의궤 등 문헌기록이 잘 남아 있을 뿐만 아니라, 27대에 걸친 왕의 무덤이 한기도 소실되지 않고 현재까지 보존되고 있어 역사와 함께 문화적 연구에도 사료적 가치가 높다고 하겠다. 조선왕릉에 대한 문헌기록을 통해보면 조선시대는 왕실에 의해서 왕릉이 철저히 보호·관리되고 능침을 포함한 능역이 잘 보존되고 있어 당시 생태와 공간구조의 연구에도 많은 자료를 축적하고 있다고 할 수 있다. 유교를 통치이념으로 했던 조선시대 왕릉은 곧 국가 권력의 상징이었으며, 국가에 의해 철저히 관리되어 원형이 잘 보존되어왔으나 일제 강점기와 6.25 한국전쟁을 겪으면서 국가는 많은 혼란을 겪었고, 이후 급격한 산업의 발전과 도심의 팽창으로 도심주변에 있던 왕릉의 능역은 많이 훼손되었다. 문화재청에서는 일부 훼손된 능제를 복원하기도 하였으나, 아직도 많은 부분이 훼손된 채 복원이 되지 않고 있는 실정이다. 이 연구의 목적은 서울 및 경기도에 소재한 40기의 왕릉을 중심으로 관련문헌 및 도면분석을 통한 공간변화 분석을 통하여 훼손의 유형과 요인을 규명하고, 이를 통해 훼손된 능역의 원형복구를 위한 실체적 복원 및 보존 방안을 제시하는데 있다. Not only have the kings and queens original tombs of the Joseon Dynasty been preserved better than those of other Dynasty in our nation, but also the rituals in the royal tomb territories have continued. In addition, many documents like Eugye (의궤) about tomb constructions remain in a good condition, and the royal tombs are highly worth studying the culture as well as the history because all the royal tombs including the twenty-seven generations of the Joseon Dynasty have been preserved. According to the documents on the royal tombs of the Joseon Dynasty, the royal tombs were maintained and managed thoroughly by the royal family, and also were preserved well. So many research materials on the ecology and spatial structure at the time were accumulated in the royal tomb territories. The royal tombs in the Josen Dynasty period which was ruled by Confucianism were a symbol of power, so the original form had been kept well. But the Japanese rulling period, the korea war, the rapid industralization and urban expansion made the royal tombs destroyed. The royal tombs was restored by the cultural Heritage Administration of Korea but many parts still remained damaged. The purpose of the study is to investigate the types and causes of the damage through studying documents and space transformations by analyzing floor plans of the 40 royal tombs in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, and suggest the restoration and the way of conservation to return to the original forms.

미세전류치료와 초음파치료가 슬관절전치환술 후 통증경감과 기능회복에 미치는 영향

조운수,김용남,김용성,황태연,진희경,Cho, Woon-Su,Kim, Yong-Nam,Kim, Yong-Seong,Hwang, Tae-Yeon,Jin, Hee-Kyung 대한물리치료학회 2012 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate pain relief and functional recovery after total knee replacement. Methods: The treatment was performed by dividing individuals into a control group ($n_1=5$), ultrasound treatment group ($n_2=5$), and micro-current treatment group ($n_3=5$). The control group applied the hot pack for 15 minutes, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for 15 minutes, and Continuous Passive Movement (CPM) for 40 minutes. The ultrasound therapy group applied the frequency of 1 MHz, intensity of 1.0 $W/cm^2$ for five minutes following the same treatment as the control group. The micro-current therapy group applied the intensity of 25 ${\mu}A$, and pulsation frequency 5 pps for 15 minutes following the same treatment as the control group. After treatment, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Korean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (K-WOMAC), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Range of Movement (ROM) and wound length was measured. Results: VAS showed significant effect in the control group and micro-current therapy group during the treatment period. According to the treatment of K-WOMACK, BBS, ROM, and Healing wounds showed main effects between groups. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, data showed improvement of pain relief, wound healing effects, and range of motion recovery. Thus, these selected treatments were effective after total knee replacement. In other words, electrical treatment continues to influence pain relief and functional recovery after total knee replacement.

외이전기자극이 슬관절질환 노인의 통증과 보행 및 균형에 미치는 영향

서삼기,조운수,이정우,김용남,정진규,황태연,Seo, Sam-Ki,Cho, Woon-Su,Lee, Jeong-Woo,Kim, Yong-Nam,Jung, Jin-Kyue,Hwang, Tae-Yeun 대한물리치료학회 2008 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Purpose: This study examined the application of electric stimulation to the auricle acupoint (frequency 2 Hz, stimulation level: noxious) with 30 elderly people over 65 years that received treatment in a rural hospital to determine the influence of pain, gait and balance in the aged with knee joint disease. Methods: The subjects were divided into three groups; the degenerative joint diseases (DJD) group (1 male, 9 females), the total knee replacement (TKR) group (1 male, 9 females) and the control group (1 male, 9 females). Auricualr electrical stimulation (AES) was applied with low frequency, high intensity transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for 10 seconds per each point. Results: 1. For the change of pain according to AES, there was interaction in the resting period (p<0.001) and gait (p<0.001) and pain of the DJD group and TKR group was decreased. 2. The range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint showed a significant difference in interaction for each group of elderly people (p<0.001) and the ROM for the DJD group and TKR group of elderly people was increased. 3. In the analysis of gait speed changes, there was a significant difference in interaction for each group of elderly people (p<0.001) and for gait speed in the DJD group and TKR group of elderly people. 4. It was found in the change of static balance that there was a significant difference in interaction for each group of elderly people (p<0.01) and balance capacity in the DJD group and TKR group of elderly people was increased. Conclusion: The aged with knee joint disease have pain, and a decreased function of gait and balance. AES was an excellent treatment for control of pain, and an excellent treatment to enhanced joint functions. AES was useful for improving gait and balance due to decreased pain.

광한루원의 경관변화양상에 관한 고찰

이원호 ( Won Ho Lee ),김동현 ( Dong Hyun Kim ),김재웅 ( Jae Ung Kim ),안혜인 ( Hye In Ahn ),김대열 ( Dae Yeol Kim ),조운연 ( Un Yeon Cho ) 한국전통조경학회 2014 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.32 No.2

본 연구는 누원(樓園) 조성의 관점에서 광한루원의 경관변화양상을 파악하고자 관련 문헌을 바탕으로 공간구조 중심의 변화과정을 4시기의 공간변화로 구분할 수 있었으며, 현존하지 않거나 기록에서 나타나지 않는 경관요소를 설화나 소설에서 나타나는 상상환경에 도입하여 도식화한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 광한루가 처음으로 조성되는 시기는 광한루(廣寒樓)의 전신인 광통루(廣通樓)가 조성되는 기간으로, 작은 개울을 근경으로 그 일대의 지리산을 원경으로 하는 등 경관이 수려한 장소에 위치하고 있으며, 문헌을 통해 광한루는 광통루의 경관을 그대로 계승한 것임을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 광한루가 원(園)의 성격을 가지는 시기는 1582년 이후로. 신선사상이 반영된 이상세계 구현을 위하여 삼신산을 조성하고, 은하수를 상징하는 호수와 오작교를 조성하였다. 셋째, 광한루원이 복구되는 시기는 정유재란 이후부터 일제강점기 기간으로 광한루원의 원형을 회복하는 과정은 매우 부분적으로 진행되어 오랜 시간에 걸쳐 진행되었다. 이 당시 기록에서 나타나는 광한루원은 정유재란 이전의 경관을 계승하여 여전히 선경의 모습에 비유되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 넷째, 근대에 이르러 광한루는 춘향전의 배경으로 관광지의 성격을 지니게 되었으며, 세 차례에 걸쳐 권역이 확장되어 현재에 이르고 있다. 다섯째, 광한루원의 각 시기별 변화양상은 광한루를 중심으로 외부로 확장되고 있음을 알 수 있었으나, 외부로 확장되는 요소는 관아누각인 광한루원의 진정성과는 무관한 시설이 다수 유입된 것으로 보인다. 여섯째, 광한루원 일원의 주요 요소들이 설화와 소설 속에 내재된 상상환경에 공통적으로 나타나고, 당시의 정원문화가 묘사되고 있는 것을 통해 문헌상의 한계로 인해 확인할 수 없었던 광한루원의 문화경관을 추정할 수 있었다. This study aims to comprehend that Gwanghalluwon for aspects of landscape change in terms of construction garden(樓園). Transformation focused on the spatial structure is divided into four periods based on literature. And reflect of landscape elements in defunct or unattributable records from tale and novel. The results were as follows. First, The beginning of Gwanghanllu pavilion(廣寒樓) was the composition of the Gwangtongnu Pavilion(廣通樓). The pavilion is located amid beautiful scenery such as the close-range view of a small stream, and distant view Jiri Mountain. Analysis of literature shows that Gwanghallu pavilion was in succession to Gwangtongnu Pavilion`s landscape. Secondly, Gwanghallu(廣寒樓) pavilion represents the characteristic of the garden since 1582. Built the Samsinsan(三神山), Construct Lake and bridge that represents the galaxy for realization of utopia reflect in Taoist ideology. Thirdly, Gwanghalluwon garden was recovered when from Jeong-yu-jae-ran(丁酉再亂) to the Japanese Ruling Era. It took Gwanghalluwon garden a long while to recover from original form. According to records, Gwanghalluwon garden is still being likened to the landscape of fairyland by inheriting landscape in the previous of Jeong-yu-jae-ran(丁酉再亂). Fourth, By the modern times, Gwanghalluwon Garden has personality of tourist attractions. Until now, the area of the Gwanghalluwon garden has been expended during the processes of three times. Fifth, Aspect of landscape change of Gwanghalluwon is wide-spreading mainly Gwanghallu pavilion. But elements of external expansion in garden by introduced into the facility irrelevant to the authenticity of the garden. Sixth, Comprehension the cultural landscape of the garden are limited by deficient records. But, the main elements in the Gwanghalluwon garden are commonly appeared on imaginary environment within a tale and a novel. In addition, culture of garden at the time was depicted in tale and novel. In this sense, cultural landscape in garden was able to estimate through imaginary environment within novel.

전통공간 재현을 위한 광한루원의 수목정비방안 연구

이원호 ( Won Ho Lee ),김동현 ( Dong Hyun Kim ),김재웅 ( Jae Ung Kim ),안혜인 ( Hye In Ahn ),김대열 ( Dae Yeol Kim ),조운연 ( Un Yeon Cho ) 한국전통조경학회(구 한국정원학회) 2014 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.32 No.3

본 연구는 전통공간의 수목정비방안 마련을 위해 광한루원을 사례로 진행되었다. 이를 위해 전통공간의 수종 선정과 수목정비 동향에 대한 이론적 고찰이 선행되었으며, 광한루원의 현장조사를 통한 식재현황을 분석하고, 과거 문헌 및 기록 등에 나타나는 수종 및 식재경관을 토대로 광한루원의 수목정비방안을 도출한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전통공간의 수종 선정과 수목정비에 관한 동향을 살펴본 결과, 전통공간 내에 식재된 외래수종에 대하여 맹목적인 지양은 한계가 있으며 전통공간의 수종 선정에 대한 논의는 오늘날까지 이어져오고 있는 시점에서 수목정비에 대한 외래수종의 무분별한 제거 및 향토식물의 맹목적 식재 등의 이분법적 정비방안 및 비검증된 사료의 맹신은 배제되어야 한다. 둘째, 광한루원 내에 식재된 수종을 조사한 결과 소나무, 느티나무, 은행나무, 배롱나무 등 전통공간에서 애용되었던 수종들이 주로 식재되어 있으나 각 공간의 성격을 고려할 때, 광한루 일대를 제외한 광한루원 경내의 수목 식재는 전통공간의 성격과는 무관한 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 문헌이나 문학작품 등에서 나타나는 광한루원의 수목식재 관련 기록을 살펴본 결과, 현재 광한루원 내에 식재된 수종 중 버드나무류, 배롱나무, 대나무(이대), 연꽃만이 나타나고 있어 고증을 통한 수목정비에는 무리가 따른다. 넷째, 광한루원의 각 권역별 수목정비방안을 모색한 결과, 광한루 권역은 역사적 시대성과 장소성을 지니고 있으며 오늘날 그 모습을 복원해나가고 있어 현재의 상태를 유지하는 방향으로 설정되어야 한다. 완월정 권역은 광한루의 건조물군과 유사한 형태로서 자칫 원형으로 오인될 수 있으므로 완충식재를 통한 전이 공간 조성 등 광한루 권역과는 다른 별도의 장소성 확보가 필요하다. 월매집 권역과 잔디광장 권역은 과거 성외 장시이자 대규모의 숲으로서 율림의 상징적 복원과 동시에 경내의 편의시설 및 관리시설의 집적을 통해 성외 장시의 모습을 재현하도록 하며, 완월정 동측 잔디광장은 완월정 권역과 연계하여 활용적 측면에서 현재와 같이 개방된 형태를 유지하는 방안을 제언하고자 한다. 광한루원 경계 권역은 고증의 측면과 현존요소의 진정성 여부를 살펴보았을 때 전통공간의 장소성과는 연관 짓기 어려운 장소로서 과거 문학작품에서 나타나는 문화경관을 반영하는 것 또한 하나의 정비방안으로 고려할 만하다 판단된다. This study aims to draw up measures to planting tree and maintain a landscape in traditional space. Preceding comprehensive theoretical consideration of selected species of trees and tree maintenance. And analysis of present condition of planting in cases of Gwanghalluwon Garden, then draw a maintenance plans of planting through species of trees and landscape of planting recorded in literature. The results were as follows. First, Analysis of selected species of trees and tree maintenance that traditional space. A dispute about the selection species of trees in traditional space has been continued until today. Because unconditional reject of foreign trees are limited. In this context, should be sublated that hasty blind faith of records and dichotomous preparation plans such as removal of foreign trees and implicitly planting of native plants. Secondly, Planted trees in Gwanghalluwon garden was investigated and found to the species of trees used in traditional space such as Pine(Pinus densiflora S. et Z.), Sawleaf Zelkova(Zelkova serrata), Ginkgo(Ginkgo biloba), Crape Myrtle(Lagerstroemia indica L.). But, present planting irrelevant to traditional space, except Gwanghallu pavilion area from the spatiality. Thirdly, A look at the records or literature that maintenance of planting through historical research are limited. Because literature was recorded Salix spp., Crape Myrtle, Bambusoideae(Pseudosasa japonica), lotus only among planted trees in Gwanghalluwon garden. Fourth, Gwanghallu zone have nature of history and sense of place. And It was going to restore the appearance on historical. Consequently maintenance plan of planting of Gwanghallu zone should be maintain the current state. Wanwol pavillion zone can be recognized as the original form because they look similar to the Gwangallu zone``s buildings. Therefore, it is necessary to secure the sense of place different from Gwanghallu zone by buffer planting for composition of transition space. Wolmaejip zone and lawn zone was marketplace in outside of castle and large forest. Accordingly, this area should be symbolic restoration of the Yulrim(.林) and representation of the marketplace in outside of castle through aggregation of facilities and administrative facilities in Gwanghalluwon garden. East lawn of the Wanwol pavilion zone is should be maintained the current state that opened place in terms of using thought linked with the Wanwol pavilion zone. Boundary zone of the Gwanghalluwon garden is difficult to associate in terms of historical research and authenticity. Therefore, application of cultural landscape that appeared in literature is be worth.

문진형(文震亨)의 장물지(長物志)와 서유구(徐有榘)의 임원경제지(林園經濟志)가 조선 후기 사대부 정원에 미친 영향

천요화(CHEN yao-hua),신현실(Shin hyun-sil),이원호(Lee won-ho),김동현(Kim dong-hyun),김재웅(Kim Jae-Ung),조운연(Cho, Un-Yeon) 한국콘텐츠학회 2014 한국콘텐츠학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.11

昌德宮 傳統造景 構造物의 復元에 關한 基礎硏究 : 위치 및 복원이미지 작성을 중심으로 Focusing on the Position and Making of Restoration image

조운연,박경자 한국전통조경학회 2003 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of this study is to provide restoration methodology of traditional landscape structure of the royal garden by analyzing "Dongkweoldo", including various drawings of Chosun Dynasty royal gardens, and by referring to the historical literature and documents. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: 1. Based on the location analysis of Dongkwoldo's landscape structure, oddly shaped stones, scientific devices, lighting fixtures and Deumoo are placed mostly in living quarters, and rarely found in political arena. 2. Wells and ponds are placed in the backyard harmoniously. They are usually buried and damaged rather than utilized in other methods. 3. Based on "Dongkwoldo" landscape structure analysis, movable landscape structures underwent various changes after the completion of "Dongkwoldo". 4. We can discover changes of "Dongkwoldo" through Donghun Dohyung around 1908, "Chosun Relics Dobo", containing drawings and photography (around late 1920's). These items were produced after the completion of "Dongkwoldo". We can find that unmovable landscape structures such as ponds and wells can be restored through these drawings. 5. Restoration drawing allows us to express these structures in drawing format although scaling is not possible.