납 사업장내 토양오염에 관한 연구

이익진 ( Ik Jin Lee ),안규동 ( Kyu Dong Ahn ),조광성 ( Kwang Sung Cho ),김남수 ( Nam Su Kim ),이성수 ( Sung Su Lee ),이병국 ( Byung Kook Lee ) 한국산업위생학회 2004 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.14 No.3

This study is to find out which the elements could cause the pollution in the soil, and to what the degree of the pollution has been progressed so far, with samples of the soils from such work places as 6 lead storage battery factories, a primary lead smelting factory, and a litharge factory, and finally from the area that is considered not to have been polluted by any industrial activities. The study variables are the number of employees, the date of foundation of workplace, the amount of use of lead, the size of the land, the size of facilities, and the capacity of dust collector. We inspected the accuracy and the precision of the portable X-ray Fluorescence which has been rarely used in this nation. Followings are the details of our inspection. 1. For the verification of the accuracy and the precision, we prepared three different concentrations. For the accuracy, we had 219.6% collection rate from low concentration, 97.8% from middle concentration, and 101.4% form high concentration. We found the variation modules by concentration, for the precision, to be 23.1% from low concentration, 1.91% from middle concentration, and 0.66% from high concentration, the result of which shows us that the portable X-ray fluorescence`s accuracy and precision are somewhat low with low concentration, and high with middle or high concentration. 2. The lowest level of pollution in workplace caused by lead was that of D company`s with its average concentration was 182±2.512mg/kg the highest, C company`s with 72,069±2.548mg/kg. 3. We studied the association the date of foundation of workplace, the amount of use of lead, the size of the land, the rate of the building occupation of the land, lead amount in the soil, the capacity of the dust collector and devided the capacity of the dust collector by the size of the building to find out the relation between the dust collector`s affection per unit area and the rate of lead in the soil. From this study, which indicate the older the date of foundation of workplace, the smaller using lead, occupation of the land, the building occupation of the land, the capacity of the dust collector, the rate of the dust collector`s affection per unit area. 4. We made a comparitive study of only the groups of the storage battery company in the same way as above. From this study, we had almost the same result as we did from the study on the whole lead-related workplaces; the only different results we got from the variation of the amount the number of employees, which indicates the bigger the number of employees, the less soil pollution. It shows and the result is statistically worthy of attention(p<0.05). Is judged that use about utilization because it analytical accuracy and precision are high and have a lot of advantages about free medical care pretreatment and sample ore that analysis is difficult with galena specially in concentration more than constant level to inflect portable XRF in measurement about lead concentration among soil in place of business and estimation.

FPXRF를 이용한 어린이 놀이시설의 페인트 표면 납 농도 평가

김남수 ( Nam Soo Kim ),최승현 ( Seung Hyun Choi ),조광성 ( Kwang Sung Cho ),김진호 ( Jin Ho Kim ),함정오 ( Jung O Ham ),안규동 ( Kyu Dong Ahn ),이병국 ( Byung Kook Lee ) 한국산업위생학회 2008 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.18 No.2

In order to evaluate the possible environmental lead hazard in children`s playground and to test the practicability of field portable x-ray fluorescence(FPXRF) for environmental lead measurement, authors investigated lead concentration of leadbased paint on the surface of children`s playing equipments in the playground of 13 apartments using FPXRF at the site in city A, Choongnam province. 93 spots were determined surface lead concentrations 3 times each using a FPXRF. Out of 93 spots, 83 spots (92%) were revealed to have lead in paint and mean concentration was 1.12±1.76㎎/㎠. The mean concentration of lead on the surface of playing equipments at the apartments near the main street was 1.20㎎/㎠ and higher than those at the apartments far away from the main street(0.81㎎/㎠)(p<0.05). The mean concentration of lead on the surface of playing equipments painted with yellow color was 3.23㎎/㎠and the highest among all colors, whereas equipment painted white color was non-detectable. PVC and etc materials for construction of playing equipment showed higher surface lead concentration than other materials. The result suggests that it is necessary to be taken caution of the lead exposure in the playground of apartment and it should be taken any kind of confirmative action to prevent unwanted lead exposure from surface lead source of playing equipment. Authors found that FPXRF was very reliable and useful for field measurement to detect lead on the painted surface.

일부 제련 및 리사지 사업장에서 공기중 납 노출농도의 변화

최재욱 ( Jae Wook Choi ),김남수 ( Nam Soo Kim ),조광성 ( Kwang Sung Cho ),함정오 ( Jung O Ham ),이병국 ( Byung Kook Lee ) 한국산업위생학회 2010 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.20 No.1

축전지 사업장에서 공기 중 납 농도의 변화에 관한 연구

최승현 ( Seung Hyun Choi ),김남수 ( Nam Soo Kim ),김진호 ( Jin Ho Kim ),조광성 ( Kwang Sung Cho ),함정오 ( Jung O Ham ),안규동 ( Kyu Dong Ahn ),이병국 ( Byung Kook Lee ) 한국산업위생학회 2007 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.17 No.4

To provide necessary information for future environmental monitoring of storage batteries in Korea, authors analyzed environmental monitoring dataset of air lead concentration of 12 storage battery industries measured during 1989-2006. We calculated geometric mean and standard deviation with minimum and maximum value of each year dataset. Air lead concentration data were analyzed according to year of measurement, type of grid manufacturing method (grid casting type or expander type), size of industries and type of operation (casting, lead powder & pasting, assembly and others). The geometric mean and standard deviation of all lead industries for overall 18 years were 72㎍/㎥and 3.65 with minimum of 6㎍/㎥and maximum of 7,956㎍/㎥. The geometric mean air lead concentrations of years between 1989-1999 were above the Korean PEL(50㎍/㎥), whereas those of years after year 2000 were below the Korean PEL showing 50% of it. The geometric mean concentration of air lead was significantly lower in expander method battery industries than that of grid method battery industries and was lower in large sized battery industries than small & medium sized ones throughout the whole 18 years period. The distributions of over PEL(50㎍/㎥) were decreased by the years of environmental monitoring and those were lower in expander method battery industries than grid method battery industries. The significant reduction of mean air lead concentration during last 10 years may be induced partly due to more active environmental engineering control and new introduction of new operation in grid method battery industries, but may be also influenced by non-engineering method such as reduction of operation hours or reduction of exposure time during actual environmental measurement by industrial hygienist which is not concrete evidence, but just circumstantial evidence.

휴대용 x-ray fluorescence와 high volume air sampler를 이용한 작업장 공기 중 납 농도 비교 연구

안규동 ( Kyu Dong Ahn ),김남수 ( Nam Su Kim ),김진호 ( Jin Ho Kim ),이익진 ( Ick Jin Lee ),조광성 ( Kwang Sung Cho ),이성수 ( Sung Soo Lee ),이병국 ( Byung Kook Lee ) 한국산업보건학회 2004 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.14 No.1

코크스 제조 및 사용 공정에서의 코크스오븐 배출물질 연구

이종천,안규동,조광성,이병국 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.2

This study was performed to evaluate the coke oven emissions (COE) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon levels in coke manu- facturing industry, secondary lead smelting industry and glass bottle manufacturing industry. 1. There were no significant difference between the means of personal samples and area samples by the types of industry(p>0.05). The levels of airborne total particulates of the secondary lead smelting industry was the highest(2.30㎎/㎥), and those of the coke manu- facturing industry and glass bottle manufacturing industry were 1.95 ㎎/㎥ and 1.37 ㎎/㎥. The concentration of COE was the highest in the glass bottle manufacturing industry(0.79 ㎎/㎥), and in order of 0.19㎎/㎥ in the coke manufacturing industry and 0.05 ㎎/㎥ in the secondary lead smelting industry. COE/total particulates(%) was highest in the glass bottle manufacturing industry(58.1%) and in order of 10.3% in the coke manufacturing industry and 3.1% in secondary lead smelting industry. There were significant differences in the total particle concentration and Coe by the types of industry(p<0.05) 2. The levels of airborne total particulates was the highest at the smelting process of secondary lead smelting industry(2.30±0.72 ㎎/㎥), and the lowest at the smelting process of glass bottle manufacturing industry (0.99±1.22㎎/㎥) Concentration of COE was the highest at the casting process of glass bottle manufacturing industry (1.09±1.15㎎/㎥), the lowest at the smelting process of secondary lead smelting industry(0.06±0,03 ㎎/㎥). The COE/total particulates(%) was the highest at the casting process of glass bottle manufacturing industry(65.9±20.5%), and the lowest at the smelting process of secondary lead smelting industry(3.1±2.7%). 3. There were positive correlations between level of The airborne total particulates and concentration of COE in COKE manufacturing industry and glass bottle manufacturing industry(p<0.05), but negative correlation in secondary lead smelting industry. 4. The numbers of case and rates that over the Threshold Limit Values(TLVs) were 24 (77.4%)cases in glass bottle manufacture, 14(23.7%) cases in the coke manufacturing industry and no one case in secondary lead smelting industry. Total numbers of case and rates that over TLVs were 38(35.5%) cases. 5. The limit of detection(LOD) for PAH was 10 ㎍/㎖) in standard sample. All PAH levels of the cokes manufacturing industry and the secondary lead smelting industry and the glass bottle manufacturing industry were trace or not to detect.

연 노출 근로자들의 ALAD genotype에 따른 연 노출지표 및 증상과의 관련성

안규동,이종천,조광성,김진호,이성수,이병국 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.2

A cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate associations between lead biomarkers, lead-related symptoms, and δ-aminolevuinic acid dethydratase (ALAD) genotype among 598 lead workers and 144 control office workers in storage battery industries, secondary smelting and litharge making industries. Lead inhibits the second enzymes, AlAD, in the heme synthesis pathway. ALAD gene, which codes for one of three isozymic proteins (termed ALAD1-1, ALAD1-2, and ALAD2-2), seems to modify the toxicokinetics of lead. The result as follows; The percents of total workers whose genotype of ALAD1-1 and ALAD1-2 were 88.4% and 11.6%, respectively. The zinprotoporphyrin in blood (ZPP) and δ-aminolevulinic acid in urine (ALAU) of lead workers with ALAD1-2 were signi-ficantly lower than those of lead workers with ALAD1-1, but there were no significant difference between two genotype for blood lead, age, and work duration. The proportion of ALAD1-2 genotype in control office workers was 13.2% . The proportions of ALAD1-2 genotype of lead workers were 14.0%(their mean air lead level below 0.024㎎/㎥), 10.4%(0.025-0.049㎎/㎥), 11.8%(0.050-0.099㎎/㎥), and 9.4%(above 0.100㎎/㎥), respectively. In the logistic analysis of 15 lead related symptoms, 'arthralgia'(S7) symptom of ALAD1-2 was significantly lower(Or=0.481; 95% CI=0.248-0.932) than that of ALAD1-1, but 'feeling of irritation'(S11) of ALAD1-2 was significantly higher(OR=1.636; 95% CI=1.035-2.586) than that of ALAD1-1 after controlling possible confounder (blood lead, work duration, smoking and drinking habit).

휴대용 X-Ray 형광기기(XRF)를 이용한 공기중 납농도 평가

안규동,이종천,조광성,김남수,김진호,이성수,이병국 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.3

This study was performed to compare the lead levels of 20 quality control standard samples(KOSHA:18-2000) and 72 field samples in lead-acid battery manufacturing plant between ICP and portable-XRF methods. 1. While the proficiencies of 20 quality control standard samples by ICP were 100%, those analytic result values by XRF were 75%. 2. The correlation coefficient(r) between the reference values for quality control (REF) and the analytic result values by ICP (ICP) was 1.0(p<0.05), and simple linear regression equation and the coefficient(R2) were REF = -0.0009 + 1.016 ICP and 0.9997, respectively. 3. The correlation coefficient(r) between the analytic result values of quality control standard samples by ICP(ICP and by XRF(XRF) was 0.975(p<0,005), and simple linear regression equation and the coefficient(R2) were ICP = -0.0003 + 1.0002 XRF and 0.950, respectively. 4. The correlation coefficient(r) between the analytic result of personal protection. values for lead samples of a lead-acid battery manufacturing plant by ICP (ICP) and by XRF (XRF) was 0.993(p<0.005). and simple linear regression equation and the coefficient(R2) were ICP=-2.058 + 0.996 XRF and 0.987, respectively. 5. While the frequency distributions of XRF /ICP(Ratio) for each ICP concentration levels in a lead-acid battery manufacturing plant revealed high proportion in ratio rage of 0.876-1.125 than in ration rang of 1.126-1.375. Also, ICP concentration level in ration range of 0.786-1.125 was increased with increase of frequency distribution of XRF/ ICP. 6. The limit of detection of XRF on lead was determined to be 6.11㎍/filter The data presented in this study indicated that relationship for lead level of quality control samples and field samples in a lead -acid battery manufacturing plant by ICP and portable-RF methods was proved. The practicing industrial hygienist can use portable-XRF to produce a rapid on-site determination of lead exposure that can immediately be communicated to workers and help identify appropriate levels of personal protection.