염화칼슘에 의한 스트로브잣나무의 생장 및 생리반응

제선미,김선희,Je, Sun-Mi,Kim, Sun-Hee 한국조경학회 2017 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.45 No.3

이 연구는 염화칼슘이 스트로브잣나무(Pinus strobus)의 생장 및 생리반응에 미치는 영향과 그 중 염화칼슘에 민감하게 반응하는 변수를 알아보고자 실시되었다. 이를 위해 염화칼슘에 처리에 대한 스트로브잣나무의 가시적 피해, 근원경 생장, 식물체 내 수분함수량, 엽록소함량과 구성, 광계 II의 최대 활성, 전자전달율의 변화를 분석하였다. 염화칼슘 처리는 개엽하기 전에 염화칼슘 0.5, 1.0, 3.0% 수용액을 근권부에 관수하였다. 염화칼슘 처리에 의한 가시적 피해로 잎의 갈변과 탈락, 잎 마름이 나타났으며, 이러한 피해 양상은 염화칼슘 농도가 높고, 처리 기간이 길어질수록 가중되어 나타났다. 근원경(밑둥지름) 생장량 그리고 잎의 수분함수량의 감소는 염화칼슘 1.0%와 3.0% 처리에서 유의하게 나타났다. 광색소인 총엽록소함량, 광계 II의 최대 활성, 전자전달율은 염화칼슘 3.0% 처리에서 대조구 대비 유의한 감소를 보였다. 결론적으로 염화칼슘 처리는 엽 내 수분상태에 영향을 주었고, 광수확 능력과 광화학반응 능력의 감소를 초래하였다. 또한, 염화칼슘 농도와 생장 및 생리반응 변수들 간의 상호 연관성을 분석한 결과, 잎의 수분함수량과 엽록소 a와 b의 비율의 회귀식 결정계수가 상대적으로 높아, 스트로브잣나무의 염화칼슘 피해 수준에 민감하게 반응하는 변수로 나타났다. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of calcium chloride($CaCl_2$) on the growth and physiological responses of Pinus strobus and the variables that are sensitive to $CaCl_2$. Thus, changes in the visible damage, growth of root collar diameter, plant water content, chlorophyll content and composition, maximum PS II photochemical efficiency, and electron transport rate of P. strobus was analyzed in relation to treatment witih $CaCl_2$. A $CaCl_2$ solution(0.5, 1.0 and 3.0%) was applied in the root zone before leaf unfolding. Leaf browning, defoliation, and drying were observed with $CaCl_2$ application and this pattern was aggravated as the $CaCl_2$ concentration increased and the treatment period became longer. The decrease of growth in root collar diameter and height and leaf water content were observed at $CaCl_2$ 1.0% and 3.0%. The total chlorophyll content indicated that photopigment, PS II photochemical efficiency and electron transport rate significantly decreased at $CaCl_2$ 3.0%. In conclusion, $CaCl_2$ affected leaf water content and led to a decrease of capability in light harvesting and photochemical responses. Also, as a result of the correlation between calcium chloride concentration and growth and physiological response parameters, it was found that the leaf moisture content and the ratio of chlorophyll a and b reflect the damage level of calcium chloride sensitively because their coefficient of determinations were relatively high.

돈분침출수 처리에 의한 이태리포플러와 현사시나무의 생리적 특성 및 항산화효소 활성

제선미 ( Sun Mi Je ),우수영 ( Su Young Woo ),구영본 ( Yeong Bon Koo ),우관수 ( Kwan Soo Woo ),여진기 ( Jin Ki Yeo ),양수진 ( Soo Zin Ryang ) 한국산림과학회 2007 한국산림과학회지 Vol.96 No.3

염화칼슘이 벚나무 잎의 가스교환 및 기공반응에 미치는 영향

제선미 ( Sun Mi Je ),김선희 ( Sun Hee Kim ) 한국임학회 2016 한국산림과학회지 Vol.105 No.3

겨울철 제설제로 사용하는 염화칼슘에 의한 3년생 벚나무 잎의 가스교환 및 기공반응에 대해 알아보기 위해 개엽 전 염화칼슘 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0% 수용액을 2회(1 L) 근권부에 처리하였다. 염화칼슘 처리 농도가 증가함에 따라 벚나무의 기공전도도(g_s), 광합성율(P_n), 증산율(T_r), 그리고 수분이용효율(WUE)은 감소하였다. 염화칼슘 처리에 의해 기공전도도와 광합성율이 감소하였음에도 불구하고 엽육세포 내 CO₂ 농도(C_i)가 대조구와 비슷하거나 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 기공제한 뿐만 아니라 비기공제한 요인도 함께 광합성율의 감소를 야기하였다는 것을 의미한다. 한편, 벚나무의 개엽 전 염화칼슘 처리는 잎의 형태적 특징에도 영향을 주었다. 염분농도가 증가할수록 기공의 길이가 작아지고 기공밀도가 높게 나타났으며 잎의 크기가 작아졌는데, 이는 식물체 내 수분손실을 줄이기 위한 적응기작으로 판단된다. To investigate the effect of calcium chloride (CaCl₂) using for deicing salts in winter on gas exchange and stomatal responses of 3-year-old Prunus serrulata, we treated twice (1 L) CaCl₂ solution (0.5%, 1.0% and 3.0%) in the root zone before leaf unfolding. Stomatal conductance (g_s), photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r) and water use efficiency (WUE) in the leaves of P. serrulata were decreased with increasing of CaCl₂ concentration. Even though stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate were reduced by CaCl₂, intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) in CaCl₂ treatments has similar or higher values compared with control. These results suggest that non-stomatal limitation as well as stomatal limitation induced the reduction of photosynthetic rate together. On the other hands, treatment of CaCl₂ before leaf unfolding also affected leaf morphology traits. We proposed that reductions of stomatal length and leaf size and high pore density with increasing salinity is adaptative mechanism to reduce the water loss in plant.

양돈폐수 처리에 의한 포플러클론의 산화스트레스와 항산화반응

제선미 ( Sun Mi Je ),여진기 ( Jin Gi Yeo ),우수영 ( Su Young Woo ) 한국농림기상학회 2011 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.13 No.3

We studied the influence of livestock waste leachate on oxidative damage and antioxidative responses in poplar clones in August which increase the demand of antioxidants because of high temperature and high light during this period. We measured ion leakage, antioxidant enzyme activities (APX, GR), and carotenoid contents. Oxidative damage and antioxidative responses by treated livestock waste leachate in poplar clones showed various results. We divided poplar clones into three groups using the criteria based on ion leakage which represent cell damage induced oxidative stress. Eco 28, 62-10, Bonghwa1 and Dorskamp belonged to the first group in which the cell damaged level was lower than that of the control. The results suggest that this group augmented for demand of antioxidative in summer because high concentration of nitrogen induced by treatment of live stock wastes acted as environmental stress. Consequently, they failed to keep up the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species. The second group in which the cell damaged level was similar to that of the control was Suwon, 72-30 and 72-31 clones. Finally, 97-18 clone belonged to the third group in which the cell damaged level was lower than that of the control group. In this case, nitrogen treated by livestock waste leakage decreased oxidative stress. 97-18 clone was the clones with the least damage in summer oxidative stresses treated by livestock waste leakage. These results suggest that the high concentration nitrogen due to the livestock waste leakage can act differently upon the clones. We speculate that the added oxidation damage in the summer (growing season) may have an effect on the total fresh weight and also influence the purification ability for livestock waste leakage. However, further studies are needed for the confirmation.

염화칼슘 처리가 산딸나무 잎의 광합성 기구, 기공전도도 및 형광이미지 특성에 미치는 영향

성주한 ( Joo Han Sung ),제선미 ( Sun Mi Je ),김선희 ( Sun Hee Kim ),김영걸 ( Young Kul Kim ) 한국농림기상학회 2009 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.11 No.4

염화칼슘 처리가 산벚나무 엽의 엽록소형광반응과 광합성기구에 미치는 영향

성주한 ( Joo Han Sung ),제선미 ( Sun Mi Je ),김선희 ( Sun Hee Kim ),김영걸 ( Young Kul Kim ) 한국산림과학회 2010 한국산림과학회지 Vol.99 No.6

There is a little information on the effect of calcium cloride (CaCl2) which is used as deicing salt in Korea on the physiological responses of the street trees. Prunus sargentii is one of the most widespread tree species of street vegetation in Korea. In this study, the effect of CaCl2 on photosynthetic apparatus such as chlorophyll fluorescence image and light response curve of P. sargentii in relation to their leaf and root collar growth responses were investigated. To study the effect of CaCl2 treatment in the early spring, we irrigated twice in rhizosphere of P. sargentii (3-year-old) planted plastic pots with solution of 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0% CaCl2 concentration before leaf expansion. Results after treatments, total chlorophyll contents and the chlorophyll a/b, photosynthetic rate, quantum yield, dark respiration decreased with increasing CaCl2 concentration. On the contrary, light compensation point increased with increasing CaCl2 concentration. Through the linear regressions of correlation of photosynthetic rate with photosynthetic parameters (quantum yield, dark respiration and light compensation point), we found a significant relationship (p<0.05) between photosynthetic rate and quantum yield and light compensation point except dark respiration. Calcium cloride (CaCl2) induced inhibition of photochemical efficiency (FV/FM) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were found in treatments of CaCl2, and these reduction rates between control and CaCl2 treatments were drastically showed at 80 days. We suggest that physiological activities are limited from treatment of CaCl2. These reductions of photosynthetic apparatus ability caused eventually the reduction of leaf and diameter at root collar growth.

실내식물과 소나무의 오존에 대한 광합성 능력, 항산화 효소의 활성, 해부학적 반응

이주영 ( Ju Young Lee ),제선미 ( Sun Mi Je ),이성한 ( Seoung Han Lee ),우수영 ( Su Young Woo ) 한국산림과학회 2013 한국산림과학회지 Vol.102 No.4

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of ozone pollution on the one woody species and two indoor plants in controlled environment. Pinus densiflora, Spathiphyllum patinii and Epipremnum aureum seedlings were exposed in both control and ozone chambers to investigate photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, antioxidative enzyme activities such as GR(Glutathione reductase) and APX(Ascorbate peroxidase) activity and leaf anatomical response. Ozone was fumigated 8 hours for a day with 30 ppb concentration for 50 days. Pinus densiflora seedlings showed no significant difference on photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, antioxidant enzyme activity during ozone exposure. Ozone concentration (30 ppb in this study) is not high enough to generate ozone damage on Pinus densiflora species. In contrast, ozone generally altered photosynthetic rate, antioxidant enzyme (especially GR) activity and leaf anatomy in two indoor species (Spathiphyllum patinii and Epipremnum aureum) exposed in ozone chamber were significantly differ from those of control in every measurement. These data suggest that two indoor species(Spathiphyllum patinii and Epipremnum aureum) are more sensitive to ozone than Pinus densiflora.

국내 수종별 BVOCs 방출량 (1)

장한나 ( Hanna Chang ),손정아 ( Jounga Son ),제선미 ( Sun Mi Je ),오창영 ( Chang-young Oh ),조민석 ( Minseok Cho ),김주완 ( Juwan Kim ),김재현 ( Jaehyeon Kim ),최원실 ( Won-sil Choi ),이영규 ( Young-kyu Lee ) 한국산림과학회 2021 한국산림과학회지 Vol.110 No.4

피톤치드는 식물체에서 방출되는 생물유래 휘발성유기화합물(BVOCs)에 포함되어있는 isoprene, monoterpene, sesquiterpene과 같은 화합물들 형태로 존재한다. 또한 피톤치드는 중요한 산림치유 인자인 동시에 질소화합물과 광학반응을 하여 오존 및 이차 유기에어로졸 생성에 영향을 미치는 물질로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 도시숲 주요 30 수종을 선정하여 표준환경조건(온도: 30℃, 광도: 1,000 μmol/㎡/sec)에서 400 L Tedlar bag의 순환형 챔버를 이용하여 시료를 포집하여 열탈착-GC/MS로 분석하였고, 해당 수종의 잎을 건조시켜 건중량 당 수종별 isoprene 및 terpene류의 방출량을 분석하였다. Isoprene 방출량은 전체 수종 중에서 왕대에서 가장 높았으며 졸참나무, 굴거리나무, 회양목이 주요 isoprnen 방출 수종으로 나타났다. Monoterpene 방출량은 리기다소나무에서 가장 높았으며 고로쇠, 일본잎갈나무, 백목련, 메타세쿼이아, 잣나무, 소나무, 전나무가 주요 monpterpene 방출 수종으로 나타났다. Monotrerpene 주요 물질은 α-pinene, myrcene, limonene, β-pinen, sabinene이였으며, sesquiterpene의 주요 물질은 caryophyllene, farnesene으로 나타났다. Oxygenated monoterpene의 주요 물질은 pulegone, borneol, menthol, eucalyptol, nerol이였고 oxygenated sesquiterpene에서는 carypphyllene oxide가 주요 물질로 검출되었지만 30개 수종에서 sesquiterpene과 oxygenated sesquiterpene의 방출량은 상대적으로 낮았다. This research focused on the investigation of isoprene and terpene emissions from 30 major urban tree species. We conducted sampling using a specific dynamic enclosure system between August and September 2020. Seedlings less than three years old were enclosed in a chamber consisting of a 400 L transparent Tedlar bag. The air-flows from the chamber’s outlet were sampled using Tenax-filled sorbent tubes in the presence of standard conditions (temperature: 30℃, PAR: 1,000 μmol/㎡/sec). A thermal desorption GC/MS system was used to analyze 38 BVOC compounds (isoprene, monoterpene, sesquiterpene, oxygenated monoterpene, and sesquiterpene). Isoprene emitters included Phyllostachys bambusoides, Quercus serrata, Daphniphyllum macropodum, and Buxus Koreana. Monoterpene emitters included Pinus rigida, Acer pictum subsp. mono, Larix kaempfer, Magnolia denudata, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus densiflora, and Abies holophylla. The monoterpene emission profiles were dominated by α-pinene, myrcene, limonene, β-pinen, and sabinene, while caryophyllene and farnesene were the prominent sesquiterpenes. Predominant oxygenated monoterpene compounds were also discovered as pulegone, borneol, menthol, eucalyptol, and nerol, while caryophyllene oxide were the prominent oxygenated sesquiterpenes. Sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes had relatively lower contributions for all species.

야간의 인공적인 빛 노출이 소나무의 광합성과 잎의 미세구조에 미치는 영향

곽명자 ( Myeong Ja Kwak ),우수영 ( Su Young Woo ),이성한 ( Seong Han Lee ),제선미 ( Sun Mi Je ),유하나 ( Ha Na You ),이태윤 ( Tae Yoon Lee ),이경은 ( Kyoung Eun Lee ),( Inkyin Khaine ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

야간의 인공조명에 의해 발생하는 빛공해에 의한 수목의 생리적인 반응과 잎 미세구조의 통합된 이해는 생태계 건강에 악영향을 미치는 원인 구명을 위해서 중요하다. 이들 효과를 구명하기 위해서, 야간조명이 소나무의 광합성, 엽록소 형광, 잎의 미세구조에 영향을 미치는지 조사하였다. 실험은 대조구(0lx)를 위해 13h/11h(낮/밤)의 광주기와 야간의 인공빛 처리구(10lx, 25lx, 50lx, 100lx, 200lx)를 위해 가로등의 일반적인 타입인 고압나트륨램프를 이용하여 13h/11h(자연광/인공광)의 광주기로 설정하여 수행하였다. 처리구별로 낮동안의 광합성률은 대조구와 야간의 인공빛 처리 사이에 통계학적으로 유의성이 없었다. 야간의 인공빛이 광합성 능력에 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 새벽 2시에 광합성을 측정한 결과, 대조구를 포함하여 인공빛 처리구 모두에서 광합성을 하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 광합성을 수행할 수 있는 최대값을 의미하는 광화학반응 효율(Fv/Fm)과 광 스트레스에 대한 중요한 지표로 사용되는 Fm/Fo는 처리간에 유의성이 없었다. 야간의 인공빛이 소나무 잎의 기공개폐 및 기공구조에 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위하여 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 기공을 관찰한 결과 대조구와 비교해서 기공개폐에 있어서는 유의성이 관찰되지 않았다. 기공구조에 있어서는 인공 빛 처리가 강할수록 기공주변의 표피세포의 팽창과 물결패턴이 관찰되었다. 대조구와 비교해서 엽록체 미세구조의 변화는 야간의 인공빛에 의해서 전분축적의 증가, 틸라코이드의 붕괴 및 엽록체당 플라스토글로블리(plastoglubuli)의 증가가 나타났다. 결론적으로, 야간의 인공빛 노출이 소나무의 광합성 능력에는 영향을 주지 않았지만, 기공구조와 엽록체 내 미세구조의 변화를 초래하였다. An integrated understanding of the physiological response and leaf ultrastructure of trees to the light pollution generated by artificial light during the night is essential to discover the potential causes for adverse ecosystem health effects. To assess these effects, we investigated whether the artificial light at night plays a role in regulation of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf ultrastructure in Pinus densiflora. The experiment was conducted as follows: natural, photoperiod 13h day/11h night (0lx); artificial light treatments, photoperiod 13h daylight/11h nightlight (10lx, 25lx, 50lx, 100lx, and 200lx) by using a common type of street light (high-pressure sodium, HPS) for maintaining continuous illumination at night. Photosynthesis occurred during the day was no statistically significant difference between natural and artificial light at night. The photosynthetic rate measured at 2:00 am was not affected by artificial night light. The potential maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ (estimated as Fv/Fm) and Fm/Fo (an indicator of the physiological state of plants) was no significant difference among treatments. P. densiflora did not observe a significant difference in stomatal opening by artificial light conditions but did wavy-walled and expansion of epidermal cells on stomatal structure according to increased artificial light. Chloroplast ultrastructure had an increased level of starch, disrupted thylakoids, and greater plastoglobuli per chloroplast under artificial nightlight. In conclusion, this study suggested that P. densiflora exposed to artificial light at night was not detected a dramatic influence on the photosynthesis, while it was confirmed changes that resulted in the adverse reactions of leaf ultrastructure.

몽골에서 식재간격과 관수주기가 Salix rorida에 미치는 영향

이태윤 ( Tae Yoon Lee ),우수영 ( Su Young Woo ),이성한 ( Seong Han Lee ),제선미 ( Sun Mi Je ),곽명자 ( Myeong Ja Kwak ),유하나 ( Ha Na You ),이경은 ( Kyoung Eun Lee ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

빠른 속도로 확산되고 있는 사막화를 막기 위한 여러 연구들과 노력이 진행되고 있다. 재조림은 사막화를 방지하기 위한 하나의 방법이다. 버드나무( Salix rorida)를 이용한 재조림의 효율성을 높이기 위해 사막화가 명백하게 진행된 몽골의 엘산타사라이에서 2013년 5월부터 9월까지 관수주기와 식재 간격을 다르게 하여 버드나무의 적응성을 연구하였다. 관수주기(1회/7일, 1회/5일, 1회/2일)와 식재 간격(9m2에 1.5m×1.5m 간격으로 9본 식재, 36m2에 3m×3m 간격으로 9본 식재)을 다르게 하였고 생존율, 수고, 엽록소 함량, 근원경, 기공밀도를 조사하였다. 생존율은 1.5m 간격에서 5일마다 관수했을 때 100%로 가장 높았으며 3m 간격에 5일마다 관수했을 때 가장 낮게 나타났다. 수고와 근원경은 식재간격과 관수주기에 따른 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 기공밀도는 1.5m 간격에서 5일 마다 관수했을 때 가장 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 버드나무는 1.5m 식재간격에서 5일마다 관수했을 때 가장 높은 적응성을 나타냈다. To prevent the desertification that has been accelerated, studies which intend to increase the efficiency of reforestration are crucial This study was designed to investigate the adaptability of Salix rorida (Willow) in desert Elsentasarkhai, Mongolia where the desertification has been found obviously to enhance the efficiency of reforestration. In the study, Willow`s survival rates, height, chlorophyll contents, root collar diameter and stomatal density was investigated by planting with two different spacing (9 trees in 3mⅹ3m plots, 9 trees in 6mⅹ6m plots) and by the treatment of three irrigation intervals (2, 5 and 7 days). The survival rate was high in 1.5m spacing with 5 days interval, but was low in 3m spacing with 5 days interval. Both height and root collar diameter was not different in irrigation intervals and planting spacing. The stomatal density was increased by 1.5m spacing with 5 days interval. In conclusion, Willow indicated high efficiency of reforestration in 1.5m spacing with 5 days interval.