독일의 건물 에너지 법제에 관한 연구: 건물에너지절약법과 난방재생에너지법을 중심으로

정호수 ( Ho-soo Jeong ),정해조 ( Hae-jo Chung ) 한국세계지역학회 2018 世界地域硏究論叢 Vol.36 No.2

본 논문은 독일의 건물에너지에 관련된 법의 제정과 건설산업현장에서의 실천에 대한 노력을 규명하고, 한국의 에너지법제 정비 방향에 시사점을 주고자 한다. 독일은 1973년 1차 석유파동 이후 건물 에너지 성능을 향상시킬 목적으로 1976년 건물에너지 절약법을 제정하였고, 건물에너지절약법 및 건물에너지절약규칙은 신축 건물뿐만 아니라 기존 건물의 에너지 성능 향상을 위해 단열 및 단열 성능을 향상하는 방향으로 개정되어 왔다. 또한 유럽연합은 2010년 EU건물에너지지침을 통해 모든 신축 건물을 에너지 소비량이 극히 적은 ‘제로에너지건물’(zero-energy building)로 건축하기 위해 회원국에 법규의 강화를 요구하고 있다. 독일 건물에너지법제는 건물의 에너지 사용에 있어 화석연료의 사용을 줄이고 CO₂의 배출을 감소시켜 기후협정을 준수하는 것이다. 또한 건물에 대한 단열조치 등에 의해 건물의 에너지 성능을 향상시켜 에너지 소비량을 줄이고, 또한 화석연료를 대체하는 재생에너지의 이용을 늘리는 것이다. 또한 독일은 건물의 에너지 절약과 관련하여 2008년 건물의 난방에너지원을 재생에너지로 이용할 것을 의무화하는 난방재생에너지법을 제정하였다. 한편 우리나라의 건물에너지 관련 법규는 ‘저탄소 녹색성장 기본법’, ‘녹색건축물 조성지원법’, ‘에너지이용합리화법’ 및 ‘신재생에너지법’ 등에서 다루고 있다. 우리나라의 건물에너지 관련 법규는 각각의 법령에 산재해 있고, 그 내용 또한 의무규정으로 되어 있지 않다. 우리나라의 에너지 총 소비량에서 가정 및 상업부문이 차지하는 비율이 16.8%임을 감안해 볼 때, 건물에너지와 관련된 위의 4개 법뿐만 아니라 ‘건축법’ 등을 종합적으로 검토하여 에너지 성능 향상 및 재생에너지의 의무 사용을 위한 종합적인 법안의 재정비가 필요할 것이다. This paper reviews the major regulations concerning energy uses for buildings and explores their implementation in the construction sites in Germany. Built upon the case research on Germany, it also aims to suggest useful policy guidelines for reforming energy-related laws in South Korea. Having undergone the first oil crisis in 1973, Germany passed the laws, “Gesetz zur Einsparung von Energie in Gebauden (1976)” and “Verordnung uber einen energiesparenden Warmeschutz bei Gebauden (1977)”, in order to increase energy efficiency level in buildings. Such a legal reform was designed, primarily to enhance energy efficiency by applying insulation technologies in existing buildings. At the EU level, the EU Directive 2010/31/EU (regulating energy performance of buildings) was adopted which encouraged member states to impose stricter regulations on all newly constructed buildings in view of realizing the stage of “zero-energy building”. The German energy laws regulating buildings have contributed to climate change mitigation by reducing fossil fuel energy sources and subsequently cutting CO₂ emission. Such laws also aimed to reduce energy consumption by raising energy efficiency, and concurrently, leading the society to use more renewable energy sources for building. In addition, “Gesetz zur Forderung Erneuerbarer Energien im Warmebereich” which was enacted in 2008 stipulates the mandatory clauses of heating buildings with renewable energy mix. In the case of South Korea, relevant existing energy laws include “Low Carbon Green Growth Act”, ‘the Green Buildings Construction Support Act”, “Rational Energy Utilization Act”, and “Renewable Energy Law”. There is a tendency that energy laws regulating buildings are scattered around several related laws and regulations. Besides, they do not include any mandatory clauses focusing on buildings. Considering the fact that energy consumption in household and commercial sectors account 16.8% of the total energy consumption in Korea, apart from the above-mentioned four major Acts, a comprehensive legal reform will be necessary to establish a coherent legal approach to regulate energy use in construction sector. This will contribute to raising overall energy capacity and encouraging use of renewable energy sources in buildings.

지역학의 정체성과 패러다임 모색 2

정해조 ( Hae Jo Chung ) 부산외국어대학교 지중해연구소 2007 지중해지역연구 Vol.9 No.1

This thesis tries to examine a new paradigm of Area Studies which integrates Social Science and Humanities and accomplishes joint research between disciplines. Area Studies has several characteristics which are different from those of other disciplines. Area Studies can be described as a Monographic Study, Interdisciplinary approach, Holism, and academic Holon. In the 21st century world, globalization and formation of blocs amongst regions are simultaneously being processed which inevitably leads to conflicts between civilizations. However, the statement of the UNESCO at the33rd Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions in Paris in 2005 approved the diversity of cultures and declared the acknowledgement of equal dignity and principles of respect for all cultures. At this juncture, Area Studies is a discipline that endeavors to comprehensively understand politics, economics, sociology and culture of a region in the world. To appropriately understand ``others`` can be described as a precondition to peaceful coexistence in the global society, and overall human welfare. Area Studies should secure academic universality, which should attain a position of a discipline with a new paradigm.

가치공학(VE) 기능분석을 활용한 독일에너지 정책의 녹색건설산업 적용을 위한 융합연구

정해조 ( Chung Hae Jo ),양진국 ( Yang Jinkook ) 한국세계지역학회 2017 世界地域硏究論叢 Vol.35 No.2

본 연구는 독일의 에너지정책이 녹색건설산업에 적용된 사례를 실증분석하기 위해 가치공학(Value Engineering: VE) 기능분석을 활용한 융합연구이다. 먼저 지속가능한 발전 개념과 기후변화에 대응하기 위한 독일 에너지전환의 과정과 독일 에너지환경을 살펴보았다. 독일 에너지정책의 방향은 에너지 효율성을 제고하고 재생에너지의 경쟁력을 확보하는데 주력하고 있다. 이를 실현하기 위하여 에너지 절감을 위한 다양한 실천방법 중에 건축물에 사용되는 에너지를 줄이기 위하여 기존의 건물과 새로 건설하는 건물에 저에너지 사용을 권장하는 지원정책을 시행하고 있다. 그 중에서 패시브하우스는 기존 건물보다 에너지 소비를 70% 이상 절약해주는 공법으로 건축된다. 이에 가치공학의 핵심부분인 기능정리(FAST Diagram)을 활용한 방법으로 전문가 워크샵을 통해 패시브하우스의 정책과 기술의 융합적 접근모델을 구축하였다. FAST(Function Analysis System Technique)는 기능 상호간의 논리적 연관관계를 How?와 Why?의 Logic관계로 분석하는 것으로 가치공학 활용기술 중 차별화된 방법론이다. 본 연구는 기후변화와 지속가능한 발전의 개념을 기반으로 한 독일의 에너지정책이 건설현장에서 패시브하우스로 구현되었고, 이를 가치공학(VE)적 분석으로 성공적인 녹색산업현장에 적용되고 있는 것을 살펴 보았다. 본 연구의 결과는 한국의 에너지정책과 실천으로써 녹색산업현장에의 적용에 대해 많은 시사점을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. This study is a convergence research utilizing function analysis of value engineering in order to analyze empirically the cases in which the German energy policy was applied to green construction industry. First, the article examines the process of energy conversion and energy environment in Germany in view of how the concept of sustainable development is applied in order for a prompt response to environmental changes. The German energy policy has been directed toward enhancing energy efficiency and ensuring the competitiveness of renewable energy sector. To achieve this goal, the German government initiated low-energy use policy for reduction of energy consumption both in existing and new buildings. Among various methods, Passive House, a construction concept, has made it possible, resulting in 70% of energy saving in terms of consumption. Thus, we have established the approach to converge such policy and the technique of Passive House by utilizing FAST Diagram, the essential part of Value Engineering established through an expert workshop. FAST enables researchers to identify essential functions and their logical relationships, by inter-linking the “How” and “Why” questions. By using function analysis, this study examines how the German energy policy based on climate change and sustainable development was implemented in the `Passive House` construction sites and successfully applied to the green construction industry in general. The findings of the study are expected to provide further insights and in-depth understandings of how such German experience would be applicable to the green construction industry in Korea.

역외권 여성이주민과 유럽시민권

정해조(Hae Jo Chung) 한국유럽학회 2005 유럽연구 Vol.21 No.-

F. Dürrenmatt의 《Romulus der Grosse》 分析

정해조(Chung, Hae-Jo) 부산대학교 인문학연구소 1984 코기토 Vol.26 No.-

A Study on the POE-based Energy Utilization Satisfaction Analysis for Passive House in Germany

Hae Jo Chung(정해조),Sooyong Kim(김수용),Jinkook Yang(양진국) 한국태양에너지학회 2016 한국태양에너지학회 논문집 Vol.36 No.3

Passive House represents energy-saving technologies. It aims to save energy and provide comfort to the dwellers. The design and construction began in Germany, where it is commonly observed. In South Korea, implementation of the Passive House concept is difficult because of high construction costs and technological problems. This study performed a POE analysis to analyze the extents of satisfaction and knowledge about Passive House among those who live in them in Germany. The results found high satisfaction with functional aspects, such as ventilation, windows, doors, and the thermal bridge. These research results will provide application criteria for Passive House construction in South Korea.

신재정협약에 대한 소고

정해조(CHUNG, Hae Jo),황기식(HWANG, Ki Sik),김현정(KIM, Hyun Jung) 유럽헌법학회 2012 유럽헌법연구 Vol.12 No.-

본 논문은 최근 채택된 신재정협약이 어느 정도 재정통합의 기능을 포함하고 있는지에 관하여 분석하였다. 유럽연합의 재정통합은 세 단계로 분류될 수 있다. 첫째, 위기관리 기능에 있어 일체화 및 제도화된 메커니즘 구축과 둘째, 통화통합 및 재정통합의 거버넌스 형성이며, 셋째, 유로존과 비유로존 국가 간 통화정책 및 재정정책에 관해 일체화된 적용이 필요할 것이다. 재정통합의 심화되려면 재정 운용에 관한 감시 감독, 재정 위기에 관한 거버넌스 확립 그리고 재정 통합 이전 공동조세정책의 배타적 권한이양, 공동사회정책 등 예산안 운용과 관련된 영역의 배타적 권한 이양, 최종적으로 유럽연합의 권한에 의한 재정 이전의 가능해야 한다. This paper is aimed at analyzing fiscal union in the European Union as it relates to the fiscal compact entitled the `Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance` which was signed at the European Summit in 2012. The authors have identified three distinct phases in the European fiscal integration process. First, various responses and policy reforms have to be introduced; second, economic and political governance is needed to form both a currency union and a fiscal union; lastly, currency policy and fiscal policy should be rigorously applied to both Euro group and non Euro group countries. The authors have refined the notion of a `management system` by applying it to a fiscal union. As fiscal integration deepens in the EU, this paper considers what may be the next phases. We suggest the next phase may be the policy-reform of the Euro-zone`s crisis management governance in order to better empower the community in matters of fiscal transfer.

사용후핵연료 관리방안에 대한 공론화의 성과와 한계

정해조(Chung, Hae-Jo) 동북아시아문화학회 2015 동북아시아문화학회 국제학술대회 발표자료집 Vol.2015 No.8

The Public Engagement Commission on Spent Nuclear Fuel Management decided to collect public opinion in order to increase social receptivity of Spent Nuclear Fuel Management Policy. Established in October 2013, the Commission, determined to lead the public opinion from an independent position from the government, and advise the government based on the public opinion. Meanwhile, separate from the Commission, the Special Committee of the Communities that has a nuclear power plant] promoted their project that collects the public opinion by appointing a special institution in each five region. It is quite promising to accomplish its goal of collecting public opinion on Sepnt Nuclear Fuel management as one of the procedures of democracy, “public interest defense,” as shown at public survey result in Gijang-gun. However, if its ultimate goal is self-assessment of the risk, suggesting solutions, and participating in the decision making process, it seems difficult to achieve its goal because the field of nuclear fuel management requires expertise. The survey result shows that although the discussion succeeded in delivering information, it failed to form sympathy, due to the antipathy for collecting public opinion result from the late attempt, misunderstanding of the intension, lack of government’s strong willingness and so on. At the survey and discussion during the procedure of collecting public opinion on spent nuclear fuel management, local residents asked for reliability in nuclear energy policy and responsible attitude of the government. Above all, the most residents claimed that the government and K-water has failed to carry out their promises while speaking out the damage caused by the nuclear faculty in their community over the past forty years. In addition, the residents insisted that the health and safety of the local residents are the top priorities. Lastly, they asked government to establish a plan for permanent disposal of spent nuclear fuel as soon as possible. Both public and the principal agent of collecting public opinion have agreed on the fact that spent nuclear fuel management is a conundrum. It is essential to have such bond of sympathy and seek increasing reliability in government policy.

A Study on China’s Energy Policy : Focusing on Sustainable Development and Environment Protection

Liekai Bi,Hae Jo Chung(정해조) 동북아시아문화학회 2015 동북아시아문화학회 국제학술대회 발표자료집 Vol.2015 No.11

A Study on Ancient China’s Marine Values - Focused on Zheng He’s Case

Liekai Bi(필엽개),Chung, Hae Jo(정해조) 동북아시아문화학회 2020 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.62

This paper attempts to analyze China"s marine consciousness, especially focused on Zheng He’s case. As conclusion, this paper intends to reveal the implications for China"s contemporary maritime power construction as well as how the maritime consciousness affects China’s 21st-century Maritime Silk Road’s construction. A peaceful, inclusive, open and harmonious characteristic of ancient China’s marine values is reflected in Zheng He’s expeditions. One of the purposes of Zheng He’s expeditions was to maintain a peaceful international order. Emperor Yongle intended to profit people all around the world through Zheng He"s voyage by promoting China"s prestige and helping other countries. Zheng He tried to establish friendly relations with other countries based on the principle of no invasions to other countries" territory. It also delivered a message that China respected other countries’ sovereignty and autonomy. Western countries" sea power was achieved by colonization and deprivation, which was ruthless and brutal. However, Zheng He aimed to promote economic and cultural exchanges in a peaceful way with other countries. Therefore, many countries voluntarily applied to join China’s tribute system. This reflected the peaceful characteristic of ancient China’s marine values and helped China achieve the mutual cooperation with other countries under the Characteristic of its marine values. A summary of ancient China’s marine values through the analysis of Zheng He’s expeditions can be helpful to modern China’s maritime power’s build-up. On the process of pursuing the sovereignty over the ocean, it is necessary to cooperate with foreign countries. As the increasing complex of globalization and cooperation among countries around the world, it is inevitable to cooperate with other countries in terms of developing the oceans. Monopolization, on the other hand, does not seem a very smart way of enhancing one country’s maritime power on the contemporary world.