연명의료 결정 제도화에 대한 윤리적 성찰

정재우,Jung. Jae Woo 가톨릭생명윤리연구소 2014 인격주의 생명윤리 Vol.4 No.1

‘연명의료 결정’이란, 죽음을 맞이하는 시기에 환자에게 행하는 처치에 대해 어떠한 것을 행하고 어떤 것을 하지 않을 것인가를 결정하는 것을 가리킨다. ‘연명치료 중단’이라는 말이 많이 사용되고는 있으나, 치료를 중단한다는 말은 그 자체로 어떤 부당한 의미를 내포하고 있어 ‘연명의료 결정’이라는 말이 제안된 바 있다. 이것이 윤리적 으로 중요한 논제인 이유는 죽음이 임박한 시기에 생명의 의미와 가치, 그리고 의료행위와 돌봄의 문제가 철학적, 윤리적, 사회적으로 매우 중요한 함의를 갖기 때문이다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 연명의료 결 정의 의미가 무엇이며 윤리적으로 합당한 연명의료 결정이란 어떤 것인지를 생각해 보고, 현재 사회적으로 논란이 되고 있는 연명의료 결정의 제도화, 즉 법제화에 대하여 성찰해 보고자 한다. Decision making regarding life-sustaining treatments occurs with regard to treatments for patients in terminal stage of life. Regarding this decision making, we need to bear in mind that human being is limited but has dignity. The dignity of human being should be respected in a special way in medical practices: to diagnose patient 's physical condition accurately and to provide him with appropriate treatments and care until his or her death. This is the way to realize the essence of medicine which is service for life. However, there are unacceptable mentalities according to which the life and sufferings of a patient are meaningless so it needs to decide his life and death by killing him. As it can not be justified to kill deliberately a man who is alive, euthanasia is unacceptable in any sense. The principles and limits on the desirable decision making regarding life-sustaining treatments are the following: ① excluding any action and omission in order to kill deliberately patients, ② doing medical practices which are proportionate, useful and necessary for patient ' s conditions, but not doing those which are disproportionate and futile, ③ consider the medical judgements which discern adequate treatments as basic criteria, ④ offering basic caring including nutrition and hydration, pain control,hygiene, and etc. until the death of the patient Based on this fundamental principles, the Catholic Church strongly opposes ① doing medical practices which are disproportionate and futile, ② any type of euthanasia, ③ the notion that we decide when to die;Furthermore it supports for ① the acceptance of natural death, ② planning future treatments to use in continuos dialogues between patient and doctor, ③ promoting hospice-palliative care, reflection and education regarding meaning of life, suffering, and death.

1000BASE-T의 4조 PAM-5 신호 상에서 동작하는 비터비 디코더의 구현

정재우,정해,Jung, Jae-Woo,Chung, Hae 한국정보통신학회 2014 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.18 No.7

LAN 방식은 국내의 초고속 인터넷 서비스에서 가장 널리 사용되며, UHD TV와 같은 고속의 서비스를 제공하기 위하여 100 메가급에서 1 기가급 이더넷으로 빠르게 전환되고 있다. 1000BASE-T 물리계층은 1 Gbps의 전송속도를 달성하기 위해, 4조의 UTP상에서 각 조당 125 MHz의 PAM-5신호로 데이터를 전송한다. 채널 상에서 발생한 오류를 정정하기 위하여 송신측에서는 컨벌루션 부호와 PAM-5신호를 결합한 TCM을 사용하고, 수신측에서는 비터비 복호기를 사용한다. 본 논문에서는 1000BASE-T의 수신측에서 최소 125 MHz 속도와 최대 2조까지 오류 정정 능력을 제공하는 비터비 디코더를 구현한다. 그리고 구현한 디코더를 논리분석기로 이용해서 동작속도와 오류 정정 능력을 검증한다. The LAN method is the most widely used in domestic high-speed internet access and rapidly moving to 1 Gbps Ethernet from 100 Mbps one to provide high-speed services such as UHD TV. The 1000BASE-T PHY with 4 pairs UTP transmits a PAM-5 signal at the 125 MHz clock per each pair to achieve 1 Gbps rate. In order to correct errors over the channel, the transmitter uses a TCM which is combined the convolutional encoder and PAM-5, and the receiver uses the Viterbi decoder. In this paper, we implement a Viterbi decoder which can correct two pair errors and operate at the least 125 MHz clock speed. Finally, we will verify the error correction function and the operating speed of the implemented decoder with a logic analyzer.

나노크기 표면 요철을 이용한 GaN LED의 광추출효율 향상

정재우,김사라,정준호,정종율,Jung, Jae-Woo,Kim, Sarah,Jeong, Jun Ho,Jeong, Jong-Ryul 한국재료학회 2012 한국재료학회지 Vol.22 No.11

In this study, we have investigated highly efficient nanoscale surface corrugated light emitting diodes (LEDs) for the enhancement of light extraction efficiency (LEE) of nitride semiconductor LEDs. Nanoscale indium tin oxide (ITO) surface corrugations are fabricated by using the conformal nanoimprint technique; it was possible to observe an enhancement of LEE for the ITO surface corrugated LEDs. By incorporating this novel method, we determined that the total output power of the surface corrugated LEDs were enhanced by 45.6% for patterned sapphire substrate LEDs and by 41.9% for flat c-plane substrate LEDs. The enhancement of LEE through nanoscale surface corrugations was studied using 3-dimensional Finite Different Time Domain (FDTD) calculation. From the FDTD calculations, we were able to separate the light extraction from the top and bottom sides of device. This process revealed that light extraction from the top and bottom sides of a device strongly depends on the substrate and the surface corrugation. We found that enhanced LEE could be understood through the mechanism of enhanced light transmission due to refractive index matching and the increase of light scattering from the corrugated surface. LEE calculations for the encapsulated LEDs devices also revealed that low LEE enhancement is expected after encapsulation due to the reduction of the refractive index contrast.

유전성 혈관부종의 진단과 치료: 전문가 의견서

정재우 ( Jae-woo Jung ),박소영 ( So-young Park ),윤선영 ( Sun Young Yoon ),김건우 ( Gun-woo Kim ),손경희 ( Kyoung-hee Sohn ),강성윤 ( Sung-yoon Kang ),박혜정 ( Hye Jung Park ),강민규 ( Min-kyu Kang ),김주희 ( Joo-hee Kim ),박경희 대한천식알레르기학회 2022 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.10 No.2

HAE는 증상이 지속적이지 않고, 일반적인 검사에서는 이상 소견을 나타내지 않아 진단이 쉽지 않기 때문에 종종 진단이 지연된다. 하지만, HAE 환자는 정확한 진단과 적절한 대책이 없으면 위중한 결과에 이를 수 있으므로 신속, 정확한 진단과 대책이 중요하다. 한국에서의 HAE 유병률은 서양보다 상당히 낮으나, 최근 진단율이 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 국내에서 사용할 수 있는 약제에 제한이 있어, HAE 환자들의 정상적인 삶으로의 복귀를 위해 최신 치료 약제들의 국내 도입이 필요하다. 본 의견서를 통하여 진료일선에서 의심 환자를 선별하고, 이들에 대하여 적절하게 HAE를 진단하고 최적의 치료가 이루어지기를 기대한다. Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease, but it severely interrupts daily life activities and can sometimes be life-threatening. Therefore, early diagnosis and prompt treatment of HAE attacks are critical. Physicians should be aware of how to diagnose and manage HAE to prepare not to miss a diagnosis when treating HAE patients. Physicians must also carry out tests to confirm the diagnosis of HAEs caused by C1 inhibitor deficiency (type 1) or C1 inhibitor dysfunction (type 2) in patients with recurrent angioedema. In addition, recent studies revealed another type of HAE which is not related to C1 inhibitor (normal C1 inhibitor HAE). Once HAE is confirmed, patients and their caregivers should be given with short-term and long-term treatment plans to relieve or prevent HAE attacks. HAE requires life-long measures, including psychological support for patients and self-management education. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2022;10:80-88)

퍼지 기법을 이용한 열화된 영상에서의 에지 검출

정재우(Jae-Woo Jung),정태윤(Tae-Yun Chung),정진양(Jin-Yang Jung),허재만(Jae-Man Huh),한영오(Young-Oh Han),박상희(Sang-Hui Park) 대한전기학회 1996 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1996 No.11

우리나라 프레이트 포워더(Freight Forwarder)의 향후 발전방향에 관한 연구

정재우(Jae-woo Jung),이길남(Kil-nam Lee) 한국국제상학회 2013 國際商學 Vol.28 No.3

This paper analyzes the current situation and tries to find out the problems of freight forwarder in South Korea. And finally, it suggests some future directions for them. To achieve those purposes, this article reviews the functions and duties of freight forwarder and discusses laws and regulations of freight forwarder in Unites States and Korea. Comparative analysis has also been done to ascertain freight forwarder and its business. One of the significant feature of freight forwarder in United States is that freight forwarder is governed by government directly and is required to be bonded, licensed, and regulated by Federal Maritime Commission pursuant to Shipping Act of 1984. But in South Korea, any enterprise could be freight forwarder by declaration or reporting to government agency. Nowadays permission is required to do forwarding business in South Korea. Until now in South Korea, many freight forwarders have been appeared and suffered intensive competition and so many government agencies are involved in regulating freight forwarder and its business. In conclusion, this paper presents some future directions in order to secure global competitiveness for Korean forwarding business. The first, Korean forwarding companies have to go abroad like Deutsche Post DHL and UPS. Also, M&A and strategic alliance are still required to do forwarding business in South Korea. The second, Korean forwarding companies have to do business as multimodal transport operator as well as consolidator.

밀러-피셔 증후군의 임상양상과 치료경과

정재우(Jae Woo Jung),이종헌(Jong Heon Lee),정재호(Jae Ho Jung) 대한안과학회 2017 대한안과학회지 Vol.58 No.2

Purpose: In the present study, the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients clinically diagnosed with classic Miller Fisher syndrome were evaluated. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the clinical and laboratory findings as well as treatment outcomes using the medical records of patients diagnosed with Miller Fisher syndrome. Symptom triad including acute ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia were evaluated. Results: This study included 10 patients. Nine patients had antecedent infectious illness which took an average of 11 ± 9.7 days for onset of diplopia from antecedent infectious systemic illness. Seven patients showed bilateral paralytic strabismus. Specifically, 5 patients showed the involvement of vertical and horizontal extraocular muscles. Pupil impairment and blepharoptosis were observed in 4 patients, limb weakness in 3 patients, dysarthria in 3 patients and facial palsy in 1 patient. Two patients showed contrast enhancement of the abducens nerve on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 2 patients showed albumin-cell dissociation on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Eight patients had anti-GQ1b antibodies in their blood serum analysis. Six patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulins and the other patients were observed with regular follow-ups. The duration of diplopia was 2.9 ± 1.2 months in the treatment group and 3.1 ± 1.7 months in the control group (p > 0.05). The duration of ataxia was 1 ± 0.4 months in the treatment group and 1 ± 0.9 months in the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Miller Fisher syndrome should be considered in patients with antecedent infection; acute ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia as well as anti-GQ1b antibody can be helpful for diagnosis. Final outcomes in the treated group were not significantly different from the control group and all patients showed good final outcomes.

건강한 성인에서 폐기능과 혈청 Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) 수치와의 연관성

정재우 ( Jae-Woo Jung ),최승호 ( Seung Ho Choi ),김세훈 ( Sae Hoon Kim ),강혜련 ( Hye Ryun Kang ),박흥우 ( Heung Woo Park ),장윤석 ( Yoon Seok Chang ),김선신 ( Sun Sin Kim ),조상헌 ( Sang Heon Cho ),민경업 ( Kyung Up Min ),김유영 대한천식알레르기학회 2010 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.30 No.1

Background: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a serological marker of malignant tumors, may show a modest increase under some nonmalignant conditions, such as aging and cigarette smoking. Objective: We analyzed clinical characteristics according to smoking status and determined whether serum CEA levels are associated with pulmonary function. Method: The cross-sectional data from 2,691 subjects who participated in health screening programs were analyzed. The subjects were divided into 3 categories according to smoking status: never-smokers, former smokers and current smokers. A systematic method to derive an optimal cutoff point of CEA which indicates the difference in FEV1% was used. Result: Smoking status was associated with increased serum CEA levels, WBC counts and neutrophil counts and decreased FEV1% in never-smokers, former smokers and current smokers with increasing correlation. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex showed no differences in FEV1%, WBC counts and neutrophil counts between never-smokers and former smokers. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, BMI and smoking amount in former and current smokers showed significant differences in FEV1, WBC counts and neutrophil counts between those with a CEA level of <2.0 and those with a CEA level of ≥2.0. Conclusion: Our results suggest that smoking cessation may affect recovery of systemic inflammation and decreased lung function. A slight elevation in serum CEA in former or current smokers may be associated with systemic inflammation and decreased pulmonary function. (Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;30:30-35)

EU의 관세 및 비관세 장벽 이해를 통한 EU시장 개척 방안

정재우(Jae Woo Jung),이길남(Kil Nam Lee) 한국통상정보학회 2014 통상정보연구 Vol.16 No.4

유럽연합(European Union)은 1952년 7월, 파리조약(Treaty of Paris)을 체결한 이후 1958년 1월 로마조약, 유럽공동체(EC 조약), 1993년 11월 마스트리히트 조약(Treaty of Maastricht), 1999년 5월 암스테르담 조약(Treaty of Amsterdam), 2002년 10월 니스 조약(Treaty of Nice), 2009년 12월 리스본 조약(Treaty of Lisbon) 조약을 체결하여 유럽의 정치 및 경제적 통합을 모색하여 왔다. 현재 EU는 28개 회원국을 두고 있으며 2012년 기준으로 총 5억 명 이상의 인구, 역내 GDP가 16조 6,090억 달러에 이르며 세계 GDP의 3분의 1을 차지하는 세계최대의 경제권이다. 우리나라와는 3위의 교역상대국이다. 지금까지 우리나라는 주로 EU에 자동차, 반도체, 휴대폰, 조선과 그 부품 등의 공산품을 수출하여 왔다. 그러나 EU가 최근 미국과 FTA를 적극 모색하고 러시아와도 경제 협력을 도모하며 중국 기업들도 EU로의 진출을 적극 추진하고 있어 우리 기업의 입지가 위축될 여지가 있는 실정이다. 또한 EU는 평균 수입관세율이 낮고 비교적 가장 개방된 거래 시장이지만 크고 작은 진입장벽은 상존하여 EU의 관세 및 비관세 장벽에 대한 이해가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 EU 시장 개척을 위한 가장 초보적이고 기초적인 연구로 EU의 관세 및 비관세 장벽(Non-Tariff Barriers)에 관해 검토하여 우리나라 기업에게 시사점을 제시하기 위해 연구되었다. Most of all, this paper analyzes the current situation of EU(European Union) and ascertain EU s economic condition in terms of tariff lines and non-tariff barriers. and the purpose of this article is to find out the problems of EU s tariff lines and non-tariff barriers. Next, We suggest some future direction of export promotion from Korea to EU more largely for our companies. First, this paper describes the characteristics and outline of EU. The EU is a politico-economic union of 28 member states that are primarily located in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community(ECSC) and the European Economic Community(EEC), formed by the Inner Six countries in 1951 and 1958, respectively. After that, The Maastricht Treaty established the European Union under its current name in 1993. The latest major amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009. There are a combined population of over 500 million inhabitants and generated a nominal gross domestic product(GDP) of 16.692 trillion US dollars in EU. The results are as follows ;First of all, In terms of tariff lines and customs duties, Our companies have to know precisely EU’s real tariff lines and other customs duties, and such as value added tax and exercise tax, corporate tax regulated by EU commission and EU s 28 members. second, our companies have to confirm EU s non-tariff barriers. such as RoHS, WEEE, REACH. These non-tariff barriers could be hindrances or obstacles to trade with foreign companies in other countries. We perceive all companies exporting to EU are related with these Technical Barriers to Trade irrespective of their nationality. So, Our companies fulfill the requirements of EU Commission concerning safety, health, environment etc. Also, Our companies choose market-driven strategy to export more largely than before in the field of marketing and logistics.

상백피(Morus alba root barks)로부터 페놀화합물의 분리 및 동정

정재우 ( Jae Woo Jung ),박지해 ( Ji Hae Park ),서경화 ( Kyeong Hwa Seo ),오은지 ( Yoon Su Baek ),백윤수 ( Eun Ji Oh ),이대영 ( Dae Young Lee ),임동욱 ( Dong Wook Lim ),한대석 ( Daeseok Han ),백남인 ( Nam In Baek ) 한국응용생명화학회(구 한국농화학회) 2015 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.58 No.2

뽕나무(Morus alba L.) 뿌리껍질을 실온에서 80% MeOH 수용액으로 추출하고 이 추출물을 EtOAC, n-BuOH, 그리고 H2O 분획으로 나누었다. EtOAc 및 n-BuOH 분획에 대하여 silica gel, ODS 및 Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography를 반복 실시하여 4종의 phenolic 화합물을 분리, 정제하였다. NMR, IR, 및 EI/MS 등을 해석하여, norartocarpanone (1), 2``,4``,7- trihydroxy-(2S)-flavanone (2), methyl-β-resorcylate (3), 그리고 (Z)-oxyresveratrol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4)로 각각 구조동정 하였다. 화합물 (Z)-oxyresveratrol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) 는 상백피로부터는 이번 실험에서 처음으로 분리되었다. The root barks of Morus alba L. were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH, and H2O fractions. The repeated silica gel, octadecyl silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies of the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions led to isolation of four phenolic compounds. The chemical structures of the compounds were determined as norartocarpanone (1), 2``,4``,7-trihydroxy-(2S)- flavanone (2), methyl β-resorcylate (3), and (Z)-oxyresveratrol-4- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4). Compound 4 was isolated for the first time from the root barks of M. alba L.