나프타 분해공정 부산물인 PFO로부터 UV 조사와 AlCl₃ 촉매 첨가를 이용한 피치의 합성

정민정,고윤영,이영석,Jung, Min-Jung,Ko, Yoonyoung,Lee, Young-Seak 한국공업화학회 2015 공업화학 Vol.26 No.2

나프타 분해공정에서 부산물로 발생하는 분해연료오일을 이용하여 열처리 및 UV 조사 시 다양한 농도의 $AlCl_3$을 첨가하여 새로운 방법으로 탄소전구체 피치를 제조하였다. 개질된 피치는 원소 분석, 화학 구조, 분자량 분포 및 연화점을 분석하여 특성평가를 하였다. 개질된 피치의 산소 함량은 $AlCl_3$의 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가한 반면 그 탄소 및 수소 함량은 거의 변화하지 않았다. UV 조사 개질피치는 열 개질만 된 피치보다 더 많은 방향족 탄소화합물로 이루어져 있었다. $AlCl_3$ 촉매첨가는 개질된 피치의 방향족화도에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 제조된 피치의 연화점은 $103.3{\sim}168.9^{\circ}C$ 범위를 나타내었다. 또한 5 wt%의 $AlCl_3$를 첨가하여 UV 조사 개질된 피치의 수율은 48%에서 80%로 증가하였다. 이것을 통하여 UV 조사 개질 방법은 다양한 특성을 갖는 고수율의 피치를 제조를 위한 실용적이고 유용한 방법으로 여겨진다. The carbon precursor pitch from pyrolyzed fuel oil (PFO), by-product of Naphta cracking process (NCC), was prepared through heat and UV irradiation treatments with various concentrations of $AlCl_3$, which is a new pitch preparation method. The reformed pitches were characterized by measuring their elemental composition, chemical structure of components, molecular weight distribution, and softening point. The oxygen contents of reformed pitch increased as increasing $AlCl_3$ amounts on the other hand, the carbon and hydrogen contents were not nearly changed. UV irradiated reformed pitches were composed of more aromatic carbon compounds than that of using only heat-treatment without any UV irradiation. The addition of $AlCl_3$ catalyst was ineffective on the aromaticity of reformed pitches. The softening point of prepared pitches was in the range of $103.3{\sim}168.9^{\circ}C$. Also the yield of prepared pitch increased from 48% to 80% when 5 wt% of $AlCl_3$ was added during the heat and UV irradiation reforming. It is expected that the UV irradiation reforming method can be practical and helpful to produce high yields of pitches with diverse properties.

양방치료를 받고 있는 신경계질환아동에서 한방치료 및 기타 병행치료 이용실태에 관한 조사

정민정,임정화,황보민,김기봉,윤영주,Jeong, Min-Jeong,Lim, Jung-Hwa,HwangBo, Min,Kim, Ki-Bong,Yun, Young-Ju 대한한방소아과학회 2012 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate prevalence and the frequency of using Korean medicine, Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM), and other parallel treatments in children and young adolescence with neurological diseases. Methods From April to July 2011, parents of the children and adolescents patients suffering from neurological disease completed questionnaires. Results 578 parents answered the questionnaires. 310 cases (53.5%) were using Parallel Treatments. Types of the Parallel Treatments being used are as follows. Rehabilitation 166 cases (27.4%), Speech Therapy 169 cases (27.9%), Education (Art, Music, Play) 109 cases (18.0%), Health supplement 72 cases (11.9%), Counselling, Cognitive & Behavioral Therapy 45 cases (7.4%), Herbal Medicine 24 cases (4.0%), Acupuncture, Moxibustion 13 cases (2.1%), Neurofeedback Therapy 1 case (0.2%), Etc 7 cases (1.2%). 257 cases (44.5%) have used Parallel Treatment before. Parallel Treatments being used in the past are as follows. Herbal Medicine 146 cases (35.4%), Acupuncture, Moxibustion 64 cases (15.5%), Education (Art, Music, Play) 54 cases (13.1%), Rehabilitation 47 cases (11.4%), Speech Therapy 46 cases (11.1%), Health supplement 30 cases (7.3%), Counselling? Cognitive & Behavioral Therapy 15 cases (3.6%), Neurofeedback Therapy 4 case (1.0%), Chuna, Manual Massage 2 case (0.5%), Etc 5 cases (1.2%). Conclusions Although patients were on both western medicine and Korean medicine, CAM, and other parallel treatment, the ratio of Korean medicine treatment was not as high as expected. Further studies are required to develop the model of integrative medicine.

심계 허약아 진단을 위한 절단값의 산정 ; K-CBCL 총문제행동점수를 기준으로

정민정,임정화,황보민,윤영주,김기봉,Jeong, Min-Jeong,Lim, Jung-Hwa,Hwang, Bo-Min,Yun, Young-Ju,Kim, Ki-Bong 대한한방소아과학회 2010 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the Weak Children Questionnaire result and K-CBCL score. Also, this study was designed to define the cut off values of Heart Weak Scores by using 'K-CBCL' which represents the total behavior problems scores 50T in order to detect Heart Weak in Children Methods: 271 elementary school students in Daejeon answered the questionnaire and the data was analyzed. Results: There were high correlations between Heart Weak Score and K-CBCL which in a total behavior problems scores. The cut off values of Heart Weak Score, K-CBCL, a total behavior problems scores 50T, were calculated by ROC curve analysis. To diagnose as a Heart Weak Children, the correspondent cut off values for Heart Weak Score were 11 in boys and 8 in girls. Conclusions: To diagnose as a Heart Weak in Children, the correspondent cut off values for Heart Weak Score were 11 in boys and 8 in girls.

함산소불화 활성탄소섬유를 이용한 저농도 크롬이온의 흡착 특성

김민지 ( Min Ji Kim ),정민정 ( Min Jung Jung ),최석순 ( Suk Soon Choi ),이영석 ( Young Seak Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2015 공업화학 Vol.26 No.4

In this work, activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were oxyfluorinated and their adsorption ability for the low concentration of hexavalent chromium in an aqueous solution was investigated. The pore structure and surface properties of ACFs were examined by BET and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Due to the oxyfluorination treatment, the content of (C-O) bond on ACFs surface which influences the adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions increased largely, resulting that Cr6+ adsorption equilibrium reached quickly within 10 min. In addition, the maximum removal efficiency at the initial Cr6+ concentration of 20 ppm was observed, which is a 100% improvement compared to that of non-treated ACFs. These results suggest that the oxyfluorination of ACFs can be applied as a good surface treatment for the effective adsorption of the low concentration of Cr6+.

Fe°/H2O2 시스템을 이용한 펜톤유사반응의 특성에 관한 기초 연구

장윤영(Yoon Young Chang),정동철(Dong Chul Chung),정민정(Min Jung Chung),최상일(Sang Il Choi) 한국물환경학회 1999 한국물환경학회지 Vol.15 No.4

Iron in Fenton`s oxidation can catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and increase the oxidation of organics. Fenton-like oxidation of phenol was studied using hydrogen peroxide in combination with zero-valent iron substituted for ferrous iron in Fenton`s reaction. Batch tests were performed at room temperature and pressure in the absence of pH adjustment. The degradation of phenol in Fe°/H₂O₂ system was enhanced with the addition of iron powder, appearing to follow first-order reaction. And the rate constant (k`_p) of phenol degradation was remarkably increased from 0.0011 to 0.0097 min^(-1)(g/L)^(-1) by the acid treatment of the iron powder. The decomposition rate of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron powder also showed first-order reaction with increase of iron concentration, which shows iron powder to act as a catalyst for the activation of hydrogen peroxide and owing to this for the oxidation of phenol. This study indicates that the addition of zero-valent iron instead of ferrous iron in Fenton`s reaction is a feasable alternative in the treatment of wastewater containing refractory organic pollutants.

강박에 의하여 체결된 을사보호조약의 국제법적 효력

정민정(Min Jung Chung) 서울국제법연구원 2014 서울국제법연구 Vol.21 No.1

이 글에서는 을사보호조약의 효력과 관련하여 ‘국가대표에 대한 강박은 무효’라는 관습국제법이 적용될 수 있는지 여부를 살펴보았다. 현대 국제법 하에서는 당연히 무효가 되는 조약이 시제법의 원칙에 따라 조약체결당시의 근대 국제법에 비추어 보아 국가의 의사와 강박을 당한 대표 개인의 의사가 다르다고 볼 수 없기 때문에 유효라고 보는 견해가 있다. 그러나 1900년대 초의 국제법의 영역은 매우 넓었고, 그 속에는 강자의 법과 정의의 법이 모두 포함되어 있었다. 지금 이 시점에서 필요한 작업은 당시의 국제법에도 확실히 존재하고 있었을 정의의 법이념을 찾아내어 구현하는 것이다. 생각건대, 근대 국제법은 일반적으로 국가 자체의 의사에 대하여 강제력이 행사되어 조약이 강제적으로 체결되는 경우와 국가대표에 대한 강박의 경우를 구분하여 후자의 경우만이 무효가 될 수 있다는 입장을 취하여 왔다. 국가 대표에 대한 강박은 국가 기관이 아닌 개인의 자격에서 그에 대하여 영향을 미칠 수 있는 모든 형태의 강제와 위협을 말하며, 국가 자체에 대한 강박 안에는 국가 기관으로서의 국가 대표에 대한 강제 또는 위협이 포함된다. 이를 전제로 하여 근대 국제법 시대부터 현대 국제법 시대에 이르기까지 국제법 학자들 사이에는 국가 대표에 대한 강박에 의하여 체결한 을사보호조약이 무효라는 것이 통설로 인식되고 있다. Whereas Article 51 of the Vienna Convention of the Law of Treaties (hereinafter, “VCLT”) applies to acts of threats or coercion directed against the State`s individual representative in his or her personal capacity, Art 52 of the VCLT covers exclusively the force addressed to a State organ (for example, the government) or the State`s representative in his or her official capacity (for example, the head of State, foreign minister). While there was general agreement amongst writers that coercion of the representative rendered the represented State`s consent to be bound by the treaty voidable or void, it became generally recognized that military force employed against the State itself invalidated consent to be bound by a treaty after the entry into force of the UN Charter. The two forms of coercion provided for in the VCLT coincided in the 1905 Japan-Korea Protectorate Treaty, which was signed in the presence of armed Japanese soldiers by the Korean government. In other words, coercive acts or threat against Korea were tailored in such a manner as to specifically induce the representative`s fear for his personal life or well-being. The 1905 Japan-Korea Protectorate Treaty procured by coercion against Korea prior to the emergence of the rule codified in Article 52 would not, under the inter-temporal law be deprived of its validity by the operation of the provision`s customary equivalent. However, the rationale of personal coercion of the representatives as a ground for vitiating consent would still hold.

남북경협 재개를 위한 유엔 안보리·한국·미국의 대북제재 검토

정민정(Chung, Min Jung) 충북대학교 법학연구소 2018 法學硏究 Vol.29 No.2

Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅱ. 남북경협 재개를 위한 유엔 안보리 대북제재 결의 검토 Ⅲ. 한국의 대북제재에 관한 국내법 Ⅳ. 미국의 대북제재에 관한 국내법 Ⅴ. 결론

녹색기후기금(GCF)의 법인격 관련 문제

정민정(Min Jung Chung) 서울국제법연구원 2012 서울국제법연구 Vol.19 No.2

현재 외교통상부는 녹색기후기금(GCF)와 대한민국 정부 간의 본부협정 체결을 준비하고 있는데, 두 가지 법적 문제가 제기되고 있다. 하나는 국제기구의 국제법상 법인격과 본부협정 체결능력과의 관계이고, 다른 하나는 국내 법률의 제정이 필요한가 여부이다. 특히 후자와 관련하여서는 녹색기후기금은 물론 글로벌녹색성장연구소와 향후 유치할 국제기구까지 종합적으로 대응하기 위하여 가칭 “국제기구법”이라는 일반법을 제정해야 할 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 이 글에서는 대한민국 정부가 녹색기후기금과의 본부협정 체결을 준비하는 과정에서 제기된 네 가지 법적 논점 (① 유엔기후변화협약 당사국 총회 결정의 법적 성격, ② 법적 구속력이 없는 문서에 의한 국제기구 설립이 가능한지 여부, ③ 국제법인격의 취득시기와 ④ 국제법상 법인격과 본부협정 체결능력과의 관계)에 관한 해답을 제시하였다. 그리고 ① 해외사례, ② 국제법인격과 국내법인격의 관계, ③ 국제기구의 다양한 유형과 ④ 본부협정의 발효가 늦어지면서 나타나는 법적 공백의 문제, 그리고 ⑤ 국제기구의 비회원국 내에서의 국내법적 지위 문제와 같은 다각적인 측면에서 볼 때, 국제기구에 관한 일반법의 제정이 필요하다는 제언을 하였다. The Korean government was committed to hosting the Secretariat of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) to spread the vision of green growth as an international asset. In this article, I will analyze the legal issues related to concluding a headquarter agreement with the GCF and the necessity of making the International Organizations Law, or a domestic law that would determine the legal status of an international entity within the domestic legal sphere. In order to do so, I will examine the international law for the legal status of an international organization, and draw upon a precedent of establishing an international organization. The legal status of international organizations under international law provides such organizations with rights, privileges, obligations, and authority for the execution of its activities. The legal status of an international organization is a different concept from the legal status of its member States. The status of an international organization is essentially related to its functional characteristics. In other words, an international organization can exercise the rights, privileges, obligations, and authority given to it explicitly or implicitly by member States. Generally, an international organization has the international juridical or legal personality, the legal capacity and the privileges and immunities (P & I). The constitutive instrument on which the GCF`s establishment is based, is the decision of the 2011 Conference of Parties (COP17) of the United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change (UNFCCC), which is a non-binding recommendation. In order to establish an international organization from the COP decision without an establishment agreement, it needs to be supplemented by the making of a national law and a headquarter agreement between the host state and GCF. Although the contracting parties have agreed to confer to the GCF legal personality, at this stage, the international legal personality of the GCF is only potential. It is only through the concrete exercise of its power independently from its members that the GCF may acquire international legal personality. However, nothing prevents an international organization generally considered as not possessing international legal personality from concluding international treaties, although the conclusion of treaties is an important indicator of the international legal personality of international organizations. Moreover, the importance of headquarter agreements is rather limited as normally a host state provides for the legal personality in the domestic legal system, regardless of its membership in the organization. There is no direct relationship between international legal personality and domestic legal personality. An international organization may possess international but not domestic personality, or the other way around. Nothing keeps a state from conferring domestic legal personality on an organization deprived of personality in international law. Further, there is fast-growing room where the constitutional rules on the relation between municipal and international law cannot answer the legal status of an international entity within the domestic legal sphere. Therefore, the crux of the matter remains the making of the International Organization Law. In other words, it is necessary that domestic legal personality of an international organization should derive directly from the enactment of domestic measures as much as possible, which would lessen a problem for the stability of its legal status.

우리나라 아동상담사업의 현황과 개선방안

정민정(Chung, Min-Jung),이상희(Lee, Sang-Hee) 한국생활과학회 2006 한국생활과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

미 바이든 행정부의 영업비밀보호 관련 입법·정책 동향과 시사점

정민정(Min-Jung CHUNG) 한국국제경제법학회 2021 국제경제법연구 Vol.19 No.3

현대 사회에서 영업비밀은 기밀유지가 핵심이고, 일단 유출되면 어떤 식으로든 원상회복이 불가능하며, 경우에 따라서는 유출에 따른 사회·경제적 비용이 천문학적 단위에 이를 수 있다. 이러한 측면에서 영업비밀 유출 후 민사상 유지청구와 손해배상, 형사상 처벌을 강조하는 기존 미국의 영업비밀보호 법제에는 한계가 있다. 사법적 구제수단은 일단 영업비밀이 해외로 유출되면 이미 빠져나간 국부 가치를 회복하는 데에 별다른 실익이 없기 때문이다. 이에 미 바이든 행정부에서는 영업비밀에 대한 시각을 달리하여 이를 단순히 기업의 사유재산이 아니라 국가적 차원에서 보호·관리해야 하는 공공재로 보고 사전예방적 차원에서 접근하고 있다. 바이든 행정부의 영업비밀보호 관련 국내 입법·정책의 기조는 중국으로부터의 영업비밀 탈취에 대한 예방 및 대응이다. 이를 위해 미국은 중국의 사이버보안법 체계를 일정 부분 벤치마킹하고 있다. 중국이 2021년 6월 10일 제정하고, 2021년 9월 1일 발효한 「데이터 보안법」에 따르면, 사이버보안체계가 허술하여 데이터를 제대로 관리하지 못한 세계 굴지의 중국 IT 기업에게 영업정지처분, 영업허가 취소처분, 한화 약 18억원 상당의 벌금을 부과하고 있다. 바이든 행정부도 영업비밀을 보유하고 있는 국내 기업·대학·연구소에 사이버보안에 관한 적극적인 의무를 부과하고, 정부는 그 이행상황을 모니터링하는 쪽으로 나아가고 있다. 다만 영업의 자유·학문의 자유와 같은 자유시장경제질서의 본질적인 내용을 침해하지 않는 범위 내에서 정부가 기업·대학·연구소의 활동을 규율한다는 점에서 중국의 영업비밀보호 입법·정책과는 분명히 정도의 차이가 있다. 대외적으로 바이든 행정부는 다국적 기업의 초국가적 공급망 가운데 사이버보안에 취약한 지점이 생기지 않도록 국제규범을 정립하기 위해 노력하고 있다. 이에 우리나라도 최근 미국의 영업비밀보호에 관한 입법 논의를 참고하여, 영업비밀을 보유한 기업·대학·연구소가 합리적인 부문별 IT 보안 조치 및 절차를 채택하고 이행하게 하며, 노하우를 포함하고 있는 라이선스 계약 체결 시 구체적인 사이버보안 조항을 포함하도록 법적으로 강제할 필요가 있다. 대외적으로는 우리 기업의 초국가적 공급망 가운데 사이버보안에 취약한 지점이 생기지 않도록 국제규범을 정립해 나가야 한다. 해외로부터의 해킹 문제를 국가주권평등원칙, 국내문제불간섭원칙과 같은 일반국제법상의 원칙으로만 처리하는 데에는 한계가 있다. 우리 정부는 지역무역협정의 지식재산권에 관한 장을 개정하여 영업비밀보호에 관한 규정을 추가로 신설하는 방안을 고려해 볼 수 있다. In modern society, confidentiality of trade secrets is critical, and once broken, it is irrevocable and cannot be restored. In some cases, the socio-economic cost of breaches in confidentiality of trade secrets can be extremely significant. In this respect, there is a limit to the existing US Trade Secrets Protection Act, which emphasizes remedies such as injunction claims, civil compensation for damages, and criminal penalties after the leakage of trade secrets. This is because judicial remedies have little to no practical benefit in restoring the national wealth that had already lost its value when national trade secrets were passed to foreign countries. Hence, the US Biden administration regards trade secrets as public goods that must be protected and managed at a national level, not as some private properties of companies, and protects them proactively. The administration’s domestic legislation and policy related to the protection of trade secrets is rooted in data secrecy, and it is a response to China’s stealing of trade secrets. To this end, the United States is partially benchmarking China’s cybersecurity law system. According to the Data Security Act, enacted by China on June 10, 2021, and enforced on September 1, 2021, the world’s leading Chinese IT companies that failed to properly manage data due to poor cybersecurity systems have been suspended, revoked, and fined about KRW 1.8 billion. The Biden administration also imposes active obligations on cybersecurity on domestic companies, universities, and research institutes with trade secrets, and the government is moving toward monitoring their implementation. However, it is distinctively different from China’s trade secret protection legislation and policy in that the government regulates the activities of companies, universities, and research institutes to the extent that it does not infringe on the essential contents of the free market economy order, such as freedom of business and academic freedom. Externally, the Biden administration is striving to establish international criteria to prevent multinational corporations, due to their operational vulnerabilities in cybersecurity among the transnational supply chains, from being taken advantage of. It is only plausible that South Korea carefully refers to the recent legislative discussions on the protection of trade secrets in the United States, so that Korean companies, universities, and research institutes with national trade secrets are legally bound to adopt and implement reasonable IT security measures and procedures for each sector. In addition, it is necessary to legally enforce the inclusion of specific cybersecurity provisions when signing a license contract that includes professional knowledge and expert skills. Externally, international norms should be established to prevent vulnerable points in cybersecurity among transnational supply chains in Korean companies. There is a limit to dealing with hackers from abroad only with principles under general international law, such as the principle of equality of national sovereignty and the principle of non-interference in domestic issues. The Korean government needs to consider revising the chapter on intellectual property rights in regional trade agreements to establish additional regulations on trade secret protection.