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HPLC를 이용한 원유중 잔류 Sulfonamides 분석법 연구
정동수 ( Dong Su Chung ),윤교복 ( Kyo Bok Yoon ),김종술 ( Jong Sool Kim ),신명균 ( Myung Kyun Shin ),김교승 ( Kyo Seung Kim ) 한국가축위생학회 1993 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.16 No.1
This experiment was carried out to detect the residues of sulfonamides in raw milk. Raw milks which does not contain sulfonamides was collected from one of the farm and fortified with 5 sulfonamides(sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfaqinoxaline). The sulfonamides in the fortified sample were extracted and detected by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. UV/vis detector was used in this experiment. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Chloroform was good as a extracting solution. 2. 15.5% methanol in PDP as a mobile phase solution was best detective condition for SMR, SMT, SMM. But for SDM and SQN the best condition was 23% methanol. 3. The detectable limits of SMR, SMT, SMM were 2ppb. but SDM and SQN were 20ppb because of delayed retention time and relatively low recovery rate. 4. The peaks of SMR, SMT, SMM and SDM were erected at baseline and the apexes were sharp but SQN was round shape.
2. 3. 5-Triphenyl Terazolium Chloride(TTC) 환원시험법의 개선에 관한 연구: disc plate method
정동수 ( Dong Su Chung ),김동훈 ( Dong Hun Kim ),이상목 ( Sang Mog Lee ) 한국가축위생학회 1995 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.18 No.2
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride(TTC) reduction test is simple and sensitive to some residual antibiotics (especially to penicillin) in milk, but comparatively insensible to sulfonamides. The volumn of sample is also large. Thus this study was undertaken to increase the detectable level of sulfonamides in raw milk. In this study, we used small transparent plastic hole and pulp disc instead of l0ml test tube and made test medium in which was added 0.08%TTC, 0.3% agar, 10% skim milk, approximately 10(6)CFU/mℓ streptococcus thermophilus and 5ppm Trimethoprim to enhance the sensitivity for sulfonamides. The results of TTC reduction test by disc plate method were summarized as follows: 1. Sensitivity to residual sulfonamides were much higher than official TTC reduction test. Detectable limites of sulfamethazine, sulfamerazine, sulfathiazole, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamononethoxine, sulfadiazine and sulfaquinoxaline were 0.1-0.5ppm levels. 2. Detectable limites to some antibiotics were simillar or good than that of official method as 0.005-0.lppm to three β-lactams, 0.25-0.5ppm to one macrolide, 2-l0ppm to three aminoglycosides, 0.2-0.5ppm to three tetracycline, 0.1-0.5ppm to chloramphenicol. 3. Only 0.1mℓ of milk was needed to test and the test medium could be stored appnoximatly 7days in the refrigerator. So test procedure was convenient than offcial method. 4. These results suggest that disc plate method is more useful to detect bacterial growth inhibition substances including sulfonamides in raw milk.
DiffServ 망에서 QoS를 보장하기 위한 동적 가중치 할당알고리즘
정동수(Chung Dong-Su),김변곤(Kim Byun-Gon),조해성(Cho Hae-Seong),정경택(Chung Kyung-Taek),김남희(Kim Nam-Hee),이종인(Lee Jong-In) 한국콘텐츠학회 2006 한국콘텐츠학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.1
DiffServ망에서 많이 거론되고 있는 대표적인 스케줄러로 PQ(Priority Queue), WRR(Weighted Round Robin)등의 스케줄러가 연구되어져 있다. 그러나 이러한 스케쥴링 방식들은 약간의 단점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 PQ와 WRR의 단점을 보완하여 WRR 스케쥴러에 적용이 가능한 스케줄러 알고리즘을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안된 알고리즘은 DiffServ 망에서 각 클래스의 큐 상태를 체크하여 퍼지 이론을 적용한 제어 정책에 따라 WRR 스케쥴러의 가중치를 동적으로 할당하였다. 제안된 알고리즘의 성능평가를 위하여 네트워크 시뮬레이터(NS-2)를 이용하여 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 제안된 알고리즘은 EF 클래스의 패킷 손실률에서 WRR 스케쥴러 방식보다 향상되었으며, AF4 클래스에서는 PQ 방식보다 향상된 결과를 보였다. There are two traditional scheduling methods known as PQ and WRR in the DiffServ network, however, these two scheduling methods have some drawbacks. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that can be adopted in WRR scheduler with making up for weak points of PQ and WRR. The proposed algorithm produces the control discipline by the fuzzy theory to dynamically assigns the weight of WRR scheduler with checking the Queue status of each class. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, We accomplished a computer simulation using NS-2. In result, the proposed algorithm enhances the packet discard rate at the EF class than WRR scheduling method and the AF4 class than PQ scheduling method.
자궁평활근의 Carbachol 및 Oxytocin 수축에 있어서의 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 동원
김보경,정동수,김윤선,이윤호,용준환,이원창,이상목,Kim, Bo-Kyung,Chung, Dong-Su,Kim, Yoon-Sun,Lee, Yoon-Ho,Yong, Jun-Hwan,Lee, Won-Chang,Ozaki, Hiroshi,Karaki, Hideaki,Lee, Sang-Mog 대한약리학회 1996 대한약리학잡지 Vol.32 No.2
The properties of cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ level$([Ca^{2+}]_i)$ movement of high KCl, carbachol and oxytocin were examined with myometrium isolated from non-pregnant rat(estrus cycle). High concentration of KCl$({\leq}23.3mM)$ induced rhythmic increases in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and muscle contraction. However, sustained $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and contracion were obtained at higher KCl concentration $({\geq}30.3mM)$ The rhythmic and sustained contraction closely associated with changes in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ induced by high KCl. Carbachol $(3{\sim}30{\mu}M$ generated rhythmic increases with tonic component in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and muscle contraction. Myometrial contraction stimulated by carbachol was also closely correlated with change in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$. And the $[Ca^{2+}]_i/contraction$ relationships were similar when muscle strips were stimulated by high KCl and carbachol. Maximal concentration of carbachol $(10{\mu}M)$ and oxytocin(100 nM) increased $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and contraction which were slightly greater than that of high KCl in non-pregnant myometrium, respectively. However, the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and contraction were strongly inhibited by verapamil $(10{\mu}M)$, a 1-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker, as in the case of high KCl. Additionally, although carbachol further increased $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and contraction induced by high KCl, these changes also strongly inhibited by application of verapamil. These results suggest that uterotonic agents, carbachol and oxytocin, induced contraction by increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ through $Ca^{2+}$ influx than by a regulation of $Ca^{2+}-sensitization$ in non-pregnant myometrium.
강원도내(江原道內) 광견병(狂犬病) 발생실태(發生實態)
김종술 ( Jong Sool Kim ),정동수 ( Dong Su Chung ),임환 ( Hwan Lim ),양윤모 ( Yoon Mo Yang ),박양순 ( Yang Soon Park ),신명균 ( Myung Kyun Sin ),김동균 ( Dong Hoon Kim ) 한국가축위생학회 1995 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.18 No.1
During the period of 2 years from 1993 to 1994, epidemiological investigation were carried out each time the outbreak of rabies suspected cases were informed and all specimens were transported to the Kangwon-do Veterinary Service Lab. At the Lab., autopsy and laboratory examinations were conducted as well. The results obtained as follows: 1. The dogs and cattles were confirmed to be infected with rabies virus by routine histopathological findings, indirect flulrescent antibody techique, and mouth inoculation test. 2. The total numbers of rabies occured in dogs and cattles were 9, 5 heads, respectively. The regional distribution of total of 14 heads were 9 heads in Chulwon, 2 heads in Hwachun, 1 head Yangku, 2 heads in Inje and the highest number of outbreaks were orrured in Chulwon. 3. Most of dogs showed furious type and dumb type found in only one dog. 4. Cattles showed the symtoms of uneasiness feeling, excitement, disturbance howling, the change of voice, sexual accelaration, foreign body swalling and attacked to human and animal and found to be died after two or four days. 5. In the seasonal outbreaks of rabies, 8 heads of the highest incidence were occured in winter followed by 4 heads in autumn, 1 head in spring and 1 head in summer. 6. The first outbreaks of rabies was reported in Chulwon and then transmitted into Hwachun, Yangku and Inje in turn. 7. The infectious source was supposed to be wild animals such as laccon dog, badger etc. living around the D.M.Z.
자궁평활근의 Carbachol 및 Oxytocin 수축에 있어서의 세포내 Ca<sup>2+</sup> 동원
김보경(Bo-Kyung Kim),정동수(Dong-Su Chung),김윤선(Yoon-Sun Kim),이윤호(Yoon-Ho Lee),용준환(Jun-Hwan Yong),이원창(Won-Chang Lee),Hiroshi Ozaki,Hideaki Karaki,이상목(Sang-Mog Lee) 대한약리학회 1996 대한약리학잡지 Vol.32 No.2
The properties of cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> level([Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>) movement of high KCl, carbachol and oxytocin were examined with myometrium isolated from non-pregnant rat(estrus cycle). High concentration of KCl≤23.3mM) induced rhythmic increases in [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> and muscle contraction. However, sustained [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> and contracion were obtained at higher KCl concentration (≥30.3mM) The rhythmic and sustained contraction closely associated with changes in [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> induced by high KCl. Carbachol (3 ~ 30μM generated rhythmic increases with tonic component in [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> and muscle contraction. Myometrial contraction stimulated by carbachol was also closely correlated with change in [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>. And the [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>/contraction relationships were similar when muscle strips were stimulated by high KCl and carbachol. Maximal concentration of carbachol (10μM) and oxytocin(100 nM) increased [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> and contraction which were slightly greater than that of high KCl in non-pregnant myometrium, respectively. However, the [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> and contraction were strongly inhibited by verapamil (10μM), a 1-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel blocker, as in the case of high KCl. Additionally, although carbachol further increased [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> and contraction induced by high KCl, these changes also strongly inhibited by application of verapamil. These results suggest that uterotonic agents, carbachol and oxytocin, induced contraction by increase in [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> through Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx than by a regulation of Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensitization in non-pregnant myometrium.
윤교복 ( Kyo Bok Yoon ),김종술 ( Jong Sool Kim ),정동수 ( Dong Su Chung ),박양주 ( Young Joo Park ),이유섭 ( You Sub Lee ),한정희 ( Jeong Hee Han ) 한국가축위생학회 1999 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.21 No.2
The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of brucellosis in Kyungbuk area for the 3 years from 1966 to 1998. Collective milk samples were routinely screened to detect positive farms by using the milk ring test(MRT), and serum agglutination test was performed to detect sero-positive individuals in the MRT positive farms. Attempt were made to isolate the causative organismas from slaughtered sero-positive reactors and some biochemical and polymerase chain reation characters of the isolates were also made to identify the organisms. Seroprevalence to brucellosis in peoples who are close contact with infected dairy herds was also investigated. Brucellosis of dairy cattle was rare before 1997, but has been broken more frequently since early 1998. By the MRT for dairy herds, positive rate was gradually increased every year 0.6% in 1996, 1.5% in 1997, 3.9% in 1998. Among 262 MRT-positive herds, only 21 herds(8.0%) showed positive brucellosis in serological test. The isolation rates of Brucella sp from tested materials were 51.2% in supramammary glands, 39.5% in milks, and 50.0% in pulmonary lymphnode, respectively. Isolated strain and biotype were Brucella(B) arbortus biotype 1 in 26 heads, and were B suis biotype 1 in 2 heads. Isolated strain and vaccine strain were very similar in their colony morphology and staining. In drug susceptibility, isolated stains(B abortus) and vaccine strain(B abortus RB-51) were sensitive to ampicillin, gentamycin, kanamycin, neomycin, penicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline, but resistant to erythromycin. In the PCR, field strains reacted to BA and 1S711 primers, and vaccine strain reacted to BA, 1S711, and RB51 primers. In the plate agglutination test of 96 sera of human contacted with animals, serum antibody titer detected 1: 100 in one person, 1 : 200 in one, and below 1 : 25 in the others.
도축우(屠畜牛)의 심장근육내(心臟筋肉內) 주육포자충(住肉胞子蟲) 감염실태조사(感染實態調査)와 Sarcocystis cruzi의 동정(同定)
박양주 ( Yang Joo Park ),김종술 ( Jong Sool Kim ),정동수 ( Dong Su Chung ),박양순 ( Yang Soon Park ),신명균 ( Myung Kyun Sin ),김교승 ( Kyo Seung Kim ) 한국가축위생학회 1992 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.15 No.2
330 Samples of the slaughtered cattle heart muscle were collected from the abattoirs of five regions in Kangwon-do to reveal the frequency of sarcocystis infections during January through December in 1991. The samples were inspected for bradyzoites by the trypsin digestion technique and the possitive samples were fed to dogs and cats for the detection of sporocysts shed in the feces. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The infection rate of bovine Sarcocystis investigated from 330 samples was 43.6%. 2. It revealed that the infection rate of sarcocystis increased gradully with the advance in the age, 14.5% in below two years, 26.1% in the three years, 30% in four years, 54.7% in five years, 74.4% in six years, 90% in seven years and 100% in older than eight years. 3. The cyst walls detected out from the heart muscles were less than 1μm in thickness and the size of bradyzoites were 11.8×2.8μm in average. 4. The size of sporocysts shed in the feces of dogs were 15.8×9.8μm in average and the prepatent periods ranged from 12 to 16days. 5. Sarcocystis found in the bovine heart muscles were identified as Sascocystis cruzi(Hasselman, 1923), wenyon, 1926.