기능적 자기공명영상을 이용한 운동과 감각자극에 의한 부운동영역과 일차감각운동중추사이의 연쇄적인 뇌활성화의 분석

정경호 ( Gyung Ho Chung ),이영환 ( Young Hwan Lee ),정수현 ( Su Hyun Jeong ),김영곤 ( Young Kon Kim ),강신화 ( Shin Hwa Kang ) 전북대학교 의과학연구소 2002 全北醫大論文集 Vol.26 No.1

fMRI를 이용하여 운동자극과 감각자극시 일차운동감각중추와 SMA의 시간차에 의한 연속적인 활성화가 되는 지를 알 수 있도록 우측 손에 운동자극과 감각자극을 각각 시행하여 시간에 따른 변화를 알아보았다. 기능적영상은 에코평면영상기법을 이용하여 휴식상태에서 10개의 영상을 얻고 난 후 운동과 감각자극을 주면서 다시 똑같은 수준에서 각각 10개의 영상을 얻었고 휴식기와 자극기 검사를 2번 반복하였다. 영상에서 보인 활성화 영역들이 시간-신호 강도 곡선과 동일하게 주기적 변화를 보이는 것을 확인한 후 일차감각운동중추와 SMA에 관심영역을 정하고 활성화된 화소들이 신경자극 후 최고 신호로 도달할 때까지의 변위 걸리는 시간을 측정하였다. 활성화가 나타난 일차 감각운동중추와 SMA은 활성화 신호강도가 휴식기-활성기에 따라서 주기적인 변화를 보였다. 운동자극시 일차운동중추에 최고 신호가 도달할 때까지 걸리는 시간은 2.962 +/- 0.229초였으며 SMA는 2.531+/- 0.277초로 SMA가 일차운동중추보다 0.431초 먼저 최고 신호에 도달 하였다. 감각자극시 일차감각중추에 최고 신호가 도달할 때까지 걸리는 시간은 2.833 +/- 0.370초였으며 SMA는 2.410+/- 0.313초였다. 결론적으로 SMA가 운동자극뿐만 아니라, 감각자극시에도 관여함을 알 수 있었고 기능적으로 연관된 뇌영역사이에 혈역학적인 차이가 보이는 연쇄적인 뇌활성화를 측정할 수 있었다. 따라서 fMRI의 실용화와 임상적용은 미래의 뇌기능의 평가에 아주 유용한 방법이 될 것이다. 따라서 fMRI는 앞으로 복잡한 뇌기능을 이해하는데 공헌하리라 예측한다. PURPOSE: To detect the sequence of hemodynamic activation of the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the primary sensorimotor cortex by analyzing the time course of the FMRI signal in both regions during complex motor and hot sensory tasks. METHOD and MATERIALS: Eight healthy right-handed subjects were imaged on a Siemens 1.5T scanner. The activation tasks consisted of right finger complex movement and hot sensory on the right hand. fMRI data were averaged across of the complex motor and hot sensory tasks and analyzed with respect to the onset time of signal increase. The cross correlation with the averaged signal time course was performed to determine the maximum of the cross correlation function of each voxel. The time delays for the supplementary motor area and the primary sensorimotor cortex were determined individually as the time where the maximal correlation coefficient for the respective regions of interest was reached. RESULTS: In all eight cases a sequential order of fMRI signal increase in the supplementary motor area preceding the primary sensorimotor cortex was found. The mean time shifts between hemodynamic responses of these areas in the complex motor task was 0.431 sec. The mean time shifts between hemodynamic responses of these areas in the hot sensory task was 0.423 sec. For the complex motor task, the mean time delay of hemodynamic activation within the SMA amounted to 2.531 +/- 0.227 sec, and within the primary sensorimotor cortex a delay of 2.962 +/- 0.229 sec was evaluated. In the hot sensory task, the mean time delay of hemodynamic activation within the SMA amounted to 2.410 +/- 0.313 sec, and within the primary sensorimotor cortex a delay of 2.833 +/- 0.370 sec was evaluated. The sequential order of the SMA activation preceding the primary sensorimotor cortex was statistically significant in the complex motor and hot sensory tasks. CONCLUSION: The sequential hemodynamic activation of the SMA and the primary sensorimotor cortex can be detected during complex motor and hot sensory tasks.

한국 성인에서 전산화단층촬영을 이용한 흉치강의 측정

장도,정경호,송호영,손명희,김종수,임계엽,최기철,Jang, Do,Chung, Gyung-Ho,Song, Ho-Yung,Sohn, Myung-Hee,Kim, Chong-Soo,Lim, Kye-Yeob,Choi, Ki-Chul 대한영상의학회 1986 대한영상의학회지 Vol.22 No.4

The size of spinal canal is valuable to detect the body encroachment of spinal canal and expansion due to tumors by computed tomography. This study was designed for taking accurate measurement of the normal thoracici spinal canal in Korean adults. The anteroposterior diameter, interpediculate distance and cross-section area of thoracic spinal canal were measured in 80 normal adults. The results were as follows. 1. In A-P diameter, middle parts of the canal were smaller vaues than those of upper and lower parts from T1 to T6, and upper parts of the canal were larger than those of middle and lower parts from T7 to T10. 2. In interpediculate distance, middle parts of the canal revealed larger value than those of upper parts. 3. All measurements of male were larger than those of female at all levels of the spinal canals and 65 measurement (93%) were statiscally significant.

CO₂ 및 기온 상승이 '후지'/M.9 사과나무의 광합성, 신초생장 및 과실품질에 미치는 영향

권헌중,사공동훈,박무용,송양익,정경호,남종철,한점화,도경란,Kweon, Hun-Joong,Sagong, Dong-Hoon,Park, Moo-Yong,Song, Yang-Yik,Chung, Kyeong-Ho,Nam, Jong-Chul,Han, Jeom-Hwa,Do, Gyung-Ran 한국농림기상학회 2013 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.15 No.4

본 시험은 기후변화의 영향과 관련하여 기온 및 $CO_2$ 농도 상승이 '후지'/M.9 사과나무의 광합성 및 과실품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 지난 4년(2009-2012)동안 시험이 이루어졌다. 처리구들은 'Ambient' (대기온도+대기 $CO_2$ 농도), 'High $CO_2$'(대기온도+상승 $CO_2$ 농도), 'High Temp'. (상승온도+대기 $CO_2$ 농도), 'High $CO_2$+High Temp'. (상승온도+상승 $CO_2$ 농도)이었다. 상승온도 처리구들은 대기온도보다 $4^{\circ}C$ 상승시켰고, 상승 $CO_2$ 농도 처리구들은 $700{\mu}mol{\cdot}mol^{-1}$로 유지하였다. 4년 동안 매년 처리기간은 4월말부터 11월초까지였다. $CO_2$ 상승은 기공전도도와 잎의 엽록체함량(SPAD 계량기 값)을 감소시켰으나, 광합성속도, 세포 내 $CO_2$ 농도(Ci) 및 잎의 전분함량은 증가시켰다. 수체생장에 있어, 기온 상승은 나무당 총 신초수와 총 신초생장량을 증가시켰으나, $CO_2$ 상승은 평균 신초장을 감소시켰다. 과실품질에 있어, $CO_2$ 상승은 착색, 가용성 고형물 함량, 및 에틸렌 발생량을 증진시켰다. 결론적으로, $CO_2$ 농도가 상승되면 생육초기에 사과나무의 광합성속도가 증가되었으나 생육후기에는 $CO_2$ 상승에 따른 광합성속도 증진 효과가 감소되었다. 반면에 기온 상승은 생육초기 광합성속도를 감소시켰으나 생육후기에 광합성속도를 증진시키는 경향이 있었다. $CO_2$와 기온의 동시 상승은 각 요인에 의한 광합성 감소 정도가 줄어드는 경향이 있었다. This study was conducted to find out the influence of elevated atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations and air temperature on photosynthesis and fruit quality of 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees and to investigate these to the effects of climate change during the last four years (2009-2012). The treatments employed were: 'Ambient' (ambient temperature + ambient $CO_2$ concentration); 'High $CO_2$' (ambient temperature + elevated $CO_2$ concentration); 'High Temp'. (elevated temperature + ambient $CO_2$ concentration); and 'High $CO_2$ + High Temp'. (elevated temperature + elevated $CO_2$ concentration). The elevated temperature plots were maintained at $4^{\circ}C$ higher than ambient air temperature, while the elevated $CO_2$ plots were maintained at 700 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}mol^{-1}$. Annual treatment period was applied from end of April to beginning of November for four years. Results showed that elevated $CO_2$ decreased stomatal conductance and leaf SPAD value, but increased photosynthetic rate, intercellular $CO_2$ concentration (Ci), and starch content of mesophyll tissue. In the vegetative growth, elevated temperature increased total number of shoot and total shoot growth per tree, but elevated $CO_2$ decreased average shoot length. In the fruit quality, elevated $CO_2$ increased soluble solid content, fruit red color, and ethylene production. In conclusion, elevated $CO_2$ increased photosynthetic rate of apples during the early growth, but effect of increased photosynthetic rate due to elevated $CO_2$ was decreased during latter growth stage. Elevated temperature, on the other hand, tended to decrease photosynthetic rate of apples during the early growth, but that tended to increase during latter growth stage. Both elevated $CO_2$ and temperature tended to decrease the degree of decreased photosynthetic rate due to each factor.

생쥐 종양모델에서 57Co-Vitamin B12의 종양 친화성에 관한 연구

손명희(Myung Hee Sohn),정경호(Gyung Ho Chung),임창열(Chang Yeol Yim),박순아(Soon A Park),김수현(Su Hyun Kim) 대한핵의학회 1998 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.32 No.1

N/A The search for tumor-avid agents for use in nuclear medicine imaging is an ongoing field of importance. The purpose of this study was to determine the affinity for radiolabeled vitamin B12 by a wide histologic variety of tumor types in mice. Seventeen different types of tumor were grown subcutaneously in female Balb/C or Balb nu/nu(nude) mice. When the tumors reached about 1 cm in diameter, mice were injected intraperitoneally with 57Co-vitamin B12. Twenty-foul hours later, the mice were sacrificed. Organs and tissues were removed, weighed, and activity per mg determined by gamma counter. Values represented cpm/mg tissue that was normalized to 20 grams body weight for each mouse. A wide variety of tumor types showed significant uptake and concentration of 57Co-vitamin B12, as evidenced by tumor:tissue activity ratios. For many tissues of great importance in terms of background(bone, muscle, blood), the tumor:tissue activity ratios of uptake were high. These data strongly suggest that further efforts to evaluate the utility of radiolabeled adducts of vitamin B12 for clinical use in oncologic imaging are warranted.

방사선 투시 유도하 폐병소 생검:세침흡인생검과 대침절단생검의 비교

이헌,한영민,정태곤,정경호,손명희,김종수,최기철,이동근,이양근,Lee, Heon,Han, Young-Min,Jeong, Tae-Gon,Chung, Gyung-Ho,Sohn, Myung-Hee,Kim, Chong-Su,Choi, Ki-Chul,Lee, Dong-Keun,Rhee, Yang-Keun 대한영상의학회 1995 대한영상의학회지 Vol.32 No.6

폐쇄성 요로질환의 평가를 위한 T2 강조 자기공명 요로조영술과 조영증강 자기공명 요로 조영술의 유용성: 하행성 신우조영술과의 비교연구

오창훈,이정민,진공용,정경호,조승일,이상훈,오경재,김영곤,Oh, Chang-Hoon,Lee, Jeong-Min,Jin, Gong-Yong,Chung, Gyung-Ho,Cho, Seung-Il,Lee, Sang-Hun,Oh, Gyung-Jae,Kim, Young-Kon 대한영상의학회 2002 대한영상의학회지 Vol.46 No.1

목적: 폐쇄성 요로질환 환자에서 폐쇄의 위치와 폐쇄원인의 평가에 있어 T2 강조 자기공명 요로조영술 (Magnetic Resonance Urography;이하 MRU)과 조영증강 자기공명 요로조영술의 유용성을 하행성 신우조영술과 비교하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 폐쇄성 요로질환이 의심되어 MRU를 시행하고 경피적 신루설치술(Percutane-ous nephrostomy,이하 PCN)후 하행성 신우조영술(Antegrade pyelography, 이하 AGP)을 얻은 25명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. Half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo(HASTE)기법을 이용한 T2 강조 MRU와 3-Dimensional fast imaging with steady state precession (3-D FISP)기법을 이용한 T1 강조 조영증강 MRU 영상을 획득하였다. 이 두MRU 영상 기법을 AGP를 기준으로 신우신배의 형태학적 묘출 정도와 요로 폐쇄의 원인에 대하여 비교 평가하여 정성적으로 분석하였으며, 요로폐쇄의 위치, 종류에 대해서는 AGP를 기준으로 HASTE와 3-D FISP 기법간의 일치도를 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 신우신배의 형태학적 묘출은 3-D FISP을 이용한 조영증강 MRU가 T2 강조 MRU에 비하여 더욱 우수하였다 (p=0.002). 폐쇄부위 위치에 대한 분석에서 AGP와 비교하여 HASTE 기법을 이용한 T2강조 MRU는 19예 (76%), 3-D FISP을 이용한 조영증강 MRU는 21예 (84%)에서 일치도를 보였다. 폐쇄의 종류에 대한 분석에서 AGP와 비교하여 HASTE기법은 18예 (72%),3-D FISP 기법은 22예 (88%)에서 일치도를 보였다. 요로폐쇄 원인에 대한 평가에서는 3-D FISP을 이용한 조영증강 MRU가 T2 강조 MRU에 비하여 더욱 우수하였다(p=0.003). 결론: T2강조 MRU와 T1강조 조영증강 MRU는 요로폐쇄 질환의 평가에 서로 보완적인 정보를 제공하였으며, 이들 기법을 이용한 자기공명 요로조영술은 요로폐쇄 질환의 형태학적 및 기능적 평가에 도움을 주어 불필요한 침습적 검사의 사용을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: To compare the efficacy of contrast-enhanced and T2-weighted magnetic resonance urography (MRU) for the depiction of obstruction and evaluation of the causes of obstructive uropathy with that of antegrade pyelography. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients with obstructive uropathy who underwent percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) and antegrade pyelography (AGP) were included in the study. We performed MR urography, comprising half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) T2-weighted imaging and 3-D fast imaging with steady state precession (3-D FISP) T1-weighted imaging after gadolinium enhancement and compared the quality of the images of both the HASTE and 3-D FISP MRU techniques in terms of their depiction of the dilated pelvocalyceal system, and the level, type, and causes of obstruction. Results: In terms of anatomical depiction of the pelvocalyceal system (p=0.002) and the causes of obstruction (p=0.003), T1-weighted MRU using 3D-FISP was significantly better than T2-weighted MRU using the HASTE sequence. Regarding level of obstruction, T2-weighted MRU using the HASTE sequence and contrastenhanced T1-weighted MRU using 3D-FISP showed an accuracy of 76% (19/25) and 84% (21/25), respectively. In terms of type of obstruction, the accuracy of T2-weighted MRU and T1-weighted CEMRU was 72%(18/25) and 88% (22/25), respectively. Conclusion: T2-weighted MRU and T1-weighted CEMRU provided both anatomical information and that relating to impaired renal function. The two modelities played a complementary role and their use could decrease the unnecessary use of invasive diagnostic examination for the evaluation of obstructive uropathy.

뇌피질 이형성증: Tc-99m ECD SPECT 소견과 병리적 등급에 따른 MRI와 비교 연구

박순아(Soon-Ah Park),임석태(Seok Tae Lim),손명희(Myung-Hee Sohn),정경호(Gyung Ho Chung) 대한핵의학회 2001 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.35 No.1

N/A Purpose: Cortical dysplasia (CD) designates a diverse group of malformations resulting from one or more abnormalities in the development of the cerebral cortex. We investigated the findings of interictal SPECT and the diagnostic usefulness of interical and ictal SPECT according to pathological grading (PG) in comparison with MRI. Materials and Methods: This study included 16 patients (M:F=9:7, age: 19.9±11.8 yrs) with pathologically proven CD. Tc-99m ECD SPECT was performed in all patients: interictal 11, interictal and ictal 3, ictal 2. MRI were obtained in all patients and image analysis was done blindly as to the result of SPECT. Pathologic findings of CD were classified into grade 1 (G1, dyslamination), grade 2 (G2, dysplastic neurons) and grade 3 (G3, balloon cells). We compared SPECT with MRI in lesions-to-lesions and analyzed the result according to PG. Results: In SPECT and MRI, 38 and 27 lesions were visually recognized. In 14 interictal SPECT, variable findings in 35 lesions were demonstrated: 26 were hypoperfusion, 7 hyperperfusion, 2 heterotopic perfusion in the white matter. By comparison between two studies, missed lesions were founded: SPECT were 1 lesion, MRI 12. Review of missed 12 lesions of MRI were followed according to PG; G1 patients were 16.7% (4/19), G2 40.0% (6/15), and G3 50% (2/4). Conclusion: Interictal SPECT in CD showed variable findings such as hypoperfusion, hyperperfusion or heterotopic perfusion. However, for detection of missed CD on MRI, SPECT may help to detect a functional abnormality of the lesion with high PG. (Korean J Nucl Med 2001;35:23-32)

변형세포와 비변형세포에서 이온형과 Transferrin 결합형 Fe - 59 와 Ga - 67섭취율의 비교

손명희(Myung Hee Sohn),최기철(Ki Chul Choi),이영환(Young Hwan Lee),이상용(Sang Yong Lee),정경호(Gyung Ho Chung),한영민(Young Min Han),김종수(Jong Soo Kim),임창열(Chang Yeol Yim) 대한핵의학회 1996 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.30 No.1

N/A Pathways both mediated by and independent of transferrin(Tf) and the TfR have been described for the accumulation of iron. Although it is not clear whether the same systems take up iron and gallium, these pathways may suggest the contention that uptake of Ga-67 can, in fact, occur by both Tf-independent and Tf-dependent systems and may share with Fe-59 in part the same mechanism for uptake. The predominant system by which uptake of both radiometals occurs may be different in the degree of the transformation af tumor. Transformed(MMSV/3T3) and untransformed(BALB/3T3) cells were incubated with luM of Ga-67-citrate of Fe-59-chloride for 15 min. at 37℃ in either the presence or absence of Tf. After then, the monolayers were washed with HBSS or PBS, and the cells were solubilized in 1% SDS for gamma well counting and protein determinations. There were similarities, as well as differences, in the pattern of uptake of Fe-59 and Ga-67 presented both in ionic from and as bound to Tf. Both radiometals appeared gain to cells in either ionic or Tf-bound forms. Transformed cells appeared to accumulate more radiometal, either Ga-67 or Fe-59 in the presence of Tf than do the their untransforemd counterparts. Conversly the presentation of either radiometal in ionic form resulted in significantly greater accumulation of metal by the untransformed cells than those transformed. The efficiency for uptake of Ga-67 or Fe-59 in the absence of Tf was greater than for uptake of the Ga-Tf or Fe-Tf. However, the magnitude of difference in efficiency of uptake was greater for Fe-59(10-fold) than for Ga-67 (3-fold). Our results Supports the theory that both Tf-independent and Tf-dependent systems for the uptake of Ga-67 both systems operate oppositely between transformed cells and those untransformed, with uptake by the predominating in transformed cells by the Tf-mediated system and in untransformed cells by the Tf-independent. The uptake of Ga-67 by tumor may share with Fe-59 in part the same mechanism.

CO2 및 기온 상승이 ‘후지’/M.9 사과나무의 광합성, 신초생장 및 과실품질에 미치는 영향

권헌중 ( Hun Joong Kweon ),사공동훈 ( Dong Hoon Sagong ),박무용 ( Moo Yong Park ),송양익 ( Yang Yik Song ),정경호 ( Kyeong Ho Chung ),남종철 ( Jong Chul Nam ),한점화 ( Jeom Hwa Han ),도경란 ( Gyung Ran Do ) 한국농림기상학회 2013 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.15 No.4

본 시험은 기후변화의 영향과 관련하여 기온 및 CO2 농도 상승이 ‘후지’/M.9 사과나무의 광합성 및 과실품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 지난 4년(2009-2012)동안 시험이 이루어졌다. 처리구들은 ‘Ambient’(대기온도+대기 CO2 농도), ‘High CO2’(대기온도+상승 CO2 농도), ‘High Temp.’(상승온도+대기 CO2 농도), ‘High CO2+High Temp.’(상승온도+상승 CO2 농도)이었다. 상승온도 처리구들은 대기온도보다 4oC 상승시켰고, 상승 CO2 농도 처리구들은 700μmol·mol-1로유지하였다. 4년 동안 매년 처리기간은 4월말부터 11월초까지였다. CO2 상승은 기공전도도와 잎의 엽록체함량(SPAD 계량기 값)을 감소시켰으나, 광합성속도, 세포 내 CO2 농도(Ci) 및 잎의 전분함량은 증가시켰다. 수체생장에 있어, 기온 상승은 나무당 총 신초수와 총 신초생장량을 증가시켰으나, CO2 상승은 평균신초장을 감소시켰다. 과실품질에 있어, CO2 상승은 착색, 가용성 고형물 함량, 및 에틸렌 발생량을 증진시켰다. 결론적으로, CO2 농도가 상승되면 생육초기에 사과나무의 광합성속도가 증가되었으나 생육후기에는 CO2 상승에 따른 광합성속도 증진 효과가 감소되었다. 반면에 기온 상승은 생육초기 광합성속도를 감소시켰으나 생육후기에 광합성속도를 증진시키는 경향이 있었다. CO2와 기온의 동시 상승은 각 요인에 의한 광합성 감소 정도가 줄어드는 경향이 있었다. This study was conducted to find out the influence of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations and air temperature on photosynthesis and fruit quality of ‘Fuji’/M.9 apple trees and to investigate these to the effects of climate change during the last four years (2009-2012). The treatments employed were: ‘Ambient’ (ambient temperature + ambient CO2 concentration); ‘High CO2’ (ambient temperature + elevated CO2 concentration); ‘High Temp.’ (elevated temperature + ambient CO2 concentration); and ‘High CO2 + High Temp.’ (elevated temperature + elevated CO2 concentration). The elevated temperature plots were maintained at 4oC higher than ambient air temperature, while the elevated CO2 plots were maintained at 700 μmol·mol-1. Annual treatment period was applied from end of April to beginning of November for four years. Results showed that elevated CO2 decreased stomatal conductance and leaf SPAD value, but increased photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and starch content of mesophyll tissue. In the vegetative growth, elevated temperature increased total number of shoot and total shoot growth per tree, but elevated CO2 decreased average shoot length. In the fruit quality, elevated CO2 increased soluble solid content, fruit red color, and ethylene production. In conclusion, elevated CO2 increased photosynthetic rate of apples during the early growth, but effect of increased photosynthetic rate due to elevated CO2 was decreased during latter growth stage. Elevated temperature, on the other hand, tended to decrease photosynthetic rate of apples during the early growth, but that tended to increase during latter growth stage. Both elevated CO2 and temperature tended to decrease the degree of decreased photosynthetic rate due to each factor.

정상 경부임프절의 크기 및 모양

이상훈 ( Sang Hoon Lee ),이영환 ( Young Hwan Lee ),최기철 ( Ki Chul Choi ),정수현 ( Su Hyun Jeong ),정경호 ( Gyung Ho Chung ) 전북대학교 의과학연구소 2001 全北醫大論文集 Vol.25 No.2

본논문은 한국인의 정상 경부임프절의 각 구역에 따른 크기 및 모양의 분포를 알고자 하였고 정상지원자 5명을 포함하여 총 19명을 분석하였다. 저자등의 CT상 나타난 정상임프절의 평균직경과 96 percentile은 각각 상내경정맥임프절이 5mm, 10mm, 악하임프절이 4.3mm, 9mm, 설하임프절이 3.8mm, 7.5mm인 반면, 부척수임파절이 3mm, 3mm, 외측후인두임파절이 3.4mm, 5.3mm, 중내경정맥임프절은 3.3mm, 4.9mm이었다. 그리고 경부 정상임프절의 모양은 난형이 65%, 세장형이 24%, 원형이 11%이었다. 그러므로 비정상적 임프절을 판정하는 크기 기준을 구역에 따라 차이를 두어야 하며, 그 크기의 기준은 상내경정맥임프절, 악하임프절, 설하임프절은 10mm, 부척수임프절, 외측후인두임파절, 중내경정맥임프절은 6mm를 기준으로 하는 것이 합리적이라 판단된다. 또한 임프절의 모양도 크기가 경계선인 경우 원형은 난형이나 세장형에 비해 비정상적인 임프절로 간주해야 할 것이다. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluated the size and shape of normal cervical lymph node. Material and Methods: Nineteen patients with a wide variety of diagnoses provide the database for this normal population to establish the range of normal variation in these nodal groups. Lymph node location, number, diameter, and shape were recorded. Minimal axial diameter was used to estimate the lymph node diameter. Results: A minimal axial diameter of 6 mm was determined to be the effective size criterion in middle jugular lymph nodes, spinal accessory lymph nodes, and retropharyngeal (lateral group) lymph nodes. A minimal axial diameter of 10 mm was determined to be the effective size criterion in superior internal jugular lymph nodes, submental lymph nodes, and submandibular lymph nodes. The shapes of the lymph node in CT scan were mostly oval in all nodal groups. Conclusion: CT can precisely determine the size and shape of normal lymph nodes. This should have important application in the management of patients with head and neck cancer.