한우분에 굴 패각분말을 첨가 시 분의 특성과 미생물에 미치는 영향 -실험실 연구를 중심으로-

장홍희,주영호,서명지,김지윤,이성신,최정석,정승민,노현탁,김삼철,Chang, Hong Hee,Joo, Young-Ho,Seo, Myeong-Ji,Kim, Ji-Yoon,Lee, Seong-Shin,Choi, Jeong-Seok,Jeong, Seung-Min,Noh, Hyeon-Tak,Kim, Sam-Churl 한국환경과학회 2021 한국환경과학회지 Vol.30 No.8

To improve the environmental management and resources, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of adding oyster shell powder to Hanwoo manure on its characteristics and microbial composition during the storage period. Additives were deposited on top of the manure surface at the rate of 0, 0.5, and 1% of oyster shell powder per 200 g of Hanwoo manure in a plastic container with three replicates; however, untreated manure litter served as the control. Manure characteristics (dry matter, organic matter and crude ash) and microbial composition (lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella, and E.coli) were evaluated at day 0, 2, 4, and 8. Manure characteristics exhibited an effect on dry matter, organic matter, and crude ash at day 2 and 8 (p<0.05), and not for day 0 and 4 (p>0.05). With the exception of yeast content at day 4 of storage, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella, and E.coli exhibited no significant differences in all conditions during the storage period. Conclusively, addition of 1% oyster shell powder to Hanwoo manure resulted in slightly better manure characteristics; however, its microbial composition remained unchanged.

수유행동시 모돈(랜드레이스×요크셔) 발성음의 개체 판별을 위한 음성 파라미터

전중환,장홍희,하정기,김현희,구자민,이효종,연성찬,Jeon, Jung-Hwan,Chang, Hong-Hee,Ha, Jeung-Key,Kim, Hyeon-Hui,Koo, Ja-Min,Lee, Hyo-Jong,Yeon, Seong-Chan 대한수의학회 2003 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.43 No.1

The aim of the present study was to analyse grunts of the sows and to extract parameters from the time and frequency signals in nursing behavior. Five crossbred $Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$ sows were used on day 5 or 6 postpartum. The grunts and the behaviors of the five sows were recorded with five digital camcorders. Three parameter groups [Group I: Formant vector alone, Group II: Formant vector+parameters from time signal, Group III: Formant vector+parameters from time signal-parameters eliminated by stepwise discriminant analysis backward (SDAB)] with parameter vectors extracted from single grunts in the maximum grunting rate period were used for individuality of the sows. The parameter groups were compared by a discriminant function analysis. The classification system adopted in the Group II represented the higher discriniation rate than those in other groups (Group I: 63.3%, Group II: 83.0%, Group III: 80.0%). This study demonstrated that formant, intensity, and pitch were available sound parameters for individuality of the sows during nursing behavior.

축산을 위한 환경제어 및 자동화 사양관리 시스템 설게에 관한 문헌 연구

장동일,장홍희,Chang, Dong-Il,Chang, Hong-Hee 한국축산환경학회 1995 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.1 No.1

The objective of this study was to review and analyze the application technologies of electronics and microprocessor for environment control and automated management systems of livestock production of the advanced countries, and to select the appropriate and applicable technologies for our systems among the analyzed. In this study, the environment control systems were analyzed mainly on the poultry production systems and the automated management systems on swine and dairy production systems. According to the results, the advanced technologies reviewed and analyzed could be applicable for designing our animal production systems, if those were modified and remodeled for our situation.

분만직전 한우의 행동

김현희,구자민,황재민,전중환,장홍희,이원익,정종태,이효종,연성찬,Kim, Hyeon-Hui,Koo, Ja-Min,Hwang, Jae-Min,Jeon, Jung-Hwan,Chang, Hong-Hee,Lee, Won-Ik,Cheong, Jong-Tae,Lee, Hyo-Jong,Yeon, Seong-Chan 대한수의학회 2002 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.42 No.3

본 연구는 분만직전 한우의 전반적인 행동 패턴을 관찰하고자 수행되었다. 본 연구에서, 행동의 정확한 관찰을 위해 분만직전의 한우를 격리된 우사에 두고 time lapse VCR을 이용하여 48시간동안 행동을 촬영하여 scan point sampling 방법을 통하여 행동을 분석하였다. 그 결과 유지행동, 사회행동, 섭식행동을 주로 관찰할 수 있었다. 분만직전 한우의 48시간 동안의 행동별 분포도를 살펴보면, LD(가슴을 대고 누워있는 자세)가 38.2%로 가장 높은 빈도를 보였고, 다음으로 ST(서있는 자세)가 24.7%, EA(놓여있는 여물 또는 사료를 먹는 동작)가 10.7%, WA(걸어다니는 동작)가 7.2%, LR(가슴을 대고 누워서 반추 행동을 하고 있는 동작)이 5.6%, SR(서서 반추 행동을 하고 있는 동작)이 3.3%, TW(서서 꼬리를 흔드는 동작)이 3.1%, 그리고 SG(서서 자신을 핥는 동작)가 1.8%의 빈도를 보였으며, 그 외의 PG(새끼나 상대방을 핥아주는 동작), PC(머리를 좌 우로 흔들며 파리 등을 쫓아내는 동작)와 같은 행동들은 1% 미만이었다. This study was performed to investigate the general prepartum behavioral ethogram of Bos taurus coreanae (Hanwoo cow). In this study, 4 pregnant cows were placed in a separate area. We recorded the behaviors of the cows using time lapse VCR for 48 hours and analyzed behaviors with the scan point sampling method. We observed maintenance behaviors, social behaviors and ingestion behaviors. During the observation period, the time budgets of behaviors in order of frequency were LD(lying down, 38.2%), ST(standing, 24.7%), EA(eating, 10.7%), WA(walking, 7.2%), LR(lying down rumination, 5.6%), SR(standing rumination, 3.3%), TW(tail wagging, 3.1%) and SG(self grooming, 1.8%). The time budgets of the other behaviors such as PG(pairwise grooming), FC(fly catching) were negligible (<1%).

한우 거세우의 사회 행동에 공간 허용이 미치는 영향

한지훈,전중환,김동주,장홍희,구자민,김영기,이스캇,김은정,이희천,이효종,연성찬,Han, Ji-hoon,Jeon, Jung-hwan,Kim, Dong-joo,Chang, Hong-hee,Koo, Ja-min,Kim, Young-ki,Lee, Scott-s,Kim, Eun-jung,Lee, Hee-chun,Lee, Hyo-jong,Yeon, Seong-chan 대한수의학회 2005 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.45 No.2

This study was carried out to find out how space allowance affect the social behavior of Korean native cattle (Bos taurus coreanae) steers. Twelve Korean native cattle (Bos taurus coreanae) steers were used as subjects, each of which was 30-month-old and observation period was from June to July 2003. Five (T1) and seven (T2) steers were allotted to two pens of $5m{\times}10m$ in a building with slate roof and open sides respectively. They were fed at 09:00 h and 16:00 h, twice a day. The behaviors of steers were recorded from 06:00 h to 17:00 h, using two color CCD cameras (Samsung SDC-411, Korea), one B/W CCD cameras (Samsung SBC-340, Korea), one multiplexer (Samsung SDM-081, Korea) and a time lapse VCR (Samsung SRV-30, Korea). The behaviors of each steer were recorded every 2 min using an instantaneous point sampling method. While the mean percentage of time budget in WA of T1 was lower than that of T2 (p<0.05), the mean percentage of time budget in SF of T1 was higher than that of T2 (p<0.05). When it gets hot, steers in T1 rested from 10:00 h to 14:00 h when it gets cool, showing 40~80% of LD rate while steers in T2 rested from 12:00 h, when it very hot to 17:00 h, showing 20~50% of LD rate, which is relatively low. Steers in T1 were fed from 06:00 h to 08:00 h when it was cool and from 16:00 h to 18:00 h, showing 20~45% of EA rate while steers in T2 were fed from 08:00 h to 14:00 h when it was hot, showing 25~50% of EA rate. In conclusion, it turned out that the number of steers affected their social behavior, and T1 was better environment than T2 in terms of welfare.

실측 및 모델베이스 계산을 통한 계사의 온열환경파악 및 THI 예측식 개발

하주완(Ha, Ju-Wan),장홍희(Chang, Hong-Hee),차광준(Cha, Kwang-Jun),송영학(Song, Young-Hak) 한국건축친환경설비학회 2020 건축환경설비 Vol.14 No.2

The heat waves cause heat stress to livestock thereby degrading productivity and increasing the mortality rate. Thus, this study aims to identify the thermal environment of hen house through on-site measurements and depending on ventilation type to increase the efficiency of management of the laying house during severely hot weather by deriving a Temperature and Humidity Index (THI Index) prediction equation from the viewpoint of productivity. To do this, this study comparatively analyzed the exposure risk level to the heat stress of layers according to the ventilation method in the hen house using the THI, which was an index to quantitatively evaluate heat stress, for 26 summer days. In addition, the laying house in this study were modeled through simulations. The simulation results exhibited the highest reliability values under 25°C inside the cage and an 85.7% fan operating rate in the case of the cross ventilation method, which had 0.46 of mean bias error (MBE) and 10.58 coefficient of variation of the root mean square error (CVRMSE), while the tunnel ventilation method had 1.14 MBE and an 8.64 CVRMSE with temperature values under 27°C inside the cage, and a 100% fan operating rate. Since the above conditions were found for a simulated target building, the calculated values were utilized to derive the prediction equation. The regression analysis results showed that the coefficients of determination, which displayed the reliability of the correlation between THI and the outdoor air temperature and between THI and enthalpy, which were 0.9328 and 0.5149 respectively in the case of the cross ventilation method and 0.9551 and 0.6044 respectively in the case of the tunnel ventilation method.

실측 및 모델베이스 계산을 통한 계사의 온열환경파악 및 THI 예측식 개발

하주완(Ha, Ju-Wan),장홍희(Chang, Hong-Hee),차광준(Cha, Kwang-Jun),송영학(Song, Young-Hak) 한국건축친환경설비학회 2020 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.14 No.2

The heat waves cause heat stress to livestock thereby degrading productivity and increasing the mortality rate. Thus, this study aims to identify the thermal environment of hen house through on-site measurements and depending on ventilation type to increase the efficiency of management of the laying house during severely hot weather by deriving a Temperature and Humidity Index (THI Index) prediction equation from the viewpoint of productivity. To do this, this study comparatively analyzed the exposure risk level to the heat stress of layers according to the ventilation method in the hen house using the THI, which was an index to quantitatively evaluate heat stress, for 26 summer days. In addition, the laying house in this study were modeled through simulations. The simulation results exhibited the highest reliability values under 25°C inside the cage and an 85.7% fan operating rate in the case of the cross ventilation method, which had 0.46 of mean bias error (MBE) and 10.58 coefficient of variation of the root mean square error (CVRMSE), while the tunnel ventilation method had 1.14 MBE and an 8.64 CVRMSE with temperature values under 27°C inside the cage, and a 100% fan operating rate. Since the above conditions were found for a simulated target building, the calculated values were utilized to derive the prediction equation. The regression analysis results showed that the coefficients of determination, which displayed the reliability of the correlation between THI and the outdoor air temperature and between THI and enthalpy, which were 0.9328 and 0.5149 respectively in the case of the cross ventilation method and 0.9551 and 0.6044 respectively in the case of the tunnel ventilation method.

환경유래 젖소유방염 저감을 위한 우분뇨 탈수 시스템의 탈수 및 유방염 원인체 제균 효과 규명

김동혁,임정주,이진주,김대근,장홍희,이승주,이윤범,장동일,이후장,민원기,김상훈,오권영,김석,Kim, Dong Hyeok,Lim, Jung Ju,Lee, Jin Ju,Kim, Dae Geun,Chang, Hong Hee,Lee, Seung Joo,Lee, Yun Beom,Chang, Dong Il,Lee, Hu Jang,Min, Won-Gi,Kim, Sang 대한수의학회 2009 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.49 No.3

Bovine mastitis is an important disease causing serious economic loss in dairy production and food poison in public health. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are the major causative agents of bovine mastitis. These bacteria were found in milk and environmental condition such as feces, water, soil and so on. Bovine mastitis causative micro-organisms can survive in 1-2 weeks in feces and bed complexes. Low level of percentage of water content (PWC) of feces and bed complexes can reduce the spreading of bovine mastitis incidence from environmental contamination. In this study, we developed the fecal dehydrating system and determined the elimination rates of bovine mastitis causative agent from feces and bed complexes. To develop the fecal dehydrating system, the screw pressurized dehydrating system was used and the maximum rate of dehydrating was reached to 52% PWC using 90% PWC (wet base) of fecal and bed complexes. The elimination rates of the dehydrating system for E. coli and S. aureus were reached at 41.19 $\pm$ 7.84% to 62.55 $\pm$ 8.71% in various percentages of PWC of feces and bed complexes (80, 85 and 90%). These results suggested that the application of fecal dehydrating system would reduce the exposure of dairy cattle to bovine mastitis causing agents contaminated feces and bed complexes, and can be used for environmental bovine mastitis control avoiding misuse or abuse of chemical disinfectants and antibiotics in dairy farm.

한우 발정기 탐지를 위한 소리 특징 선택

이종욱(Jonguk Lee),김석(Suk Kim),장홍희(Hong-Hee Chang),정용화(Yongwha Chung),박대희(Daihee Park) 한국정보과학회 2013 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.6

움직임 벡터와 SVDD를 이용한 영상 감시 시스템에서 한우의 특이 행동 탐지

오승근 ( Seung Geun Oh ),박대희 ( Dai Hee Park ),장홍희 ( Hong Hee Chang ),정용화 ( Yong Wha Chung ) 한국정보처리학회 2013 정보처리학회논문지. 소프트웨어 및 데이터 공학 Vol.2 No.11

한우 발정기의 조기 탐지는 축산 농가의 경제성을 향상시키는 매우 중요한 연구 과제 중 하나이다. 이를 위한 다양한 방법들이 제안되었으나, 현재까지도 시스템의 경제성 문제를 포함한 조기 발정 탐지 및 탐지 정확도 등에 여전히 취약한 점이 있는 것이 사실이다. 본 논문에서는 감시카메라 환경에서 축사내 승가 행동을 포함하는 한우의 특이 행동들을 탐지하는 다중 객체의 특이 행동 탐지 프로토타입 시스템을 제안한 다. 다중 객체의 특이 행동 탐지란 감시카메라로부터 유입되는 영상에서 다중 객체가 위험에 처한 상황 혹은 비정상적인 행동들을 신속하고 정 확하게 탐지하는 분야를 말한다. 제안된 시스템은 한우 축사에 고정 설치된 카메라의 입력 동영상으로부터 움직임 벡터 정보를 이용하여 영상 내의 움직임 정보를 추출?표현하였으며, 특이 행동의 판별 문제를 실용적 차원의 단일 클래스 분류 문제로 재해석하여 단일 클래스 SVM의 대 표적 모델인 SVDD를 탐지기로 설계하였다. 실제로 진주에 위치한 한 축사에서 취득한 한우 암소의 영상 정보를 이용하여 본 논문에서 제안한 시스템의 성능을 실험적으로 검증한다. Early detection of oestrus in Korean cows is one of the important issues in maximizing the economic benefit. Although various methods have been proposed, we still need to improve the performance of the oestrus detection system. In this paper, we propose a video surveillance system which can detect unusual behavior of multiple cows including the mounting activity. The unusual behavior detection is to detect the dangerous or abnormal situations of cows in video coming in real time from a surveillance camera promptly and correctly. The prototype system for unusual behavior detection gets an input video from a fixed location camera, and uses the motion vector to represent the motion information of cows in video, and finally selects a SVDD (one of the most well-known types of one-class SVM) as a detector by reinterpreting the unusual behavior into an one class decision problem from the practical points of view. The experimental results with the videos obtained from a farm located in Jinju illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.