한국산 벌꿀의 밀원별 단당, 이당 및 삼당류의 정량 특성

장은숙(Eun-Sook Jang),김인숙(In-Suk Kim),이은진(Eun-jin Lee),서현선(Hyun-Sun Seo),이혜정(Hye-joung Lee),김은(Eun Kim),김경태(Kyung-Tae Kim),김종배(Jong-Bae Kim) 한국식품과학회 2016 한국식품과학회지 Vol.48 No.1

한국에서 생산 및 유통되고 있는 서로 다른 밀원의 45개 벌꿀(아카시아꿀 15, 잡화꿀 15, 밤꿀 10, 사양꿀 5)을 대상으로, 단당류, 이당류 그리고 삼당류를 TMSO 및 TMSMe 유도체화를 만들어 GC/MS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 아카시아꿀, 잡화꿀, 밤꿀과 사양꿀에서 전화당의 총 함량은 각각 69.3±2.86, 66.4 ±3.28, 62.4±2.24와 68.0±2.32%였고, F/G 비는 1.61, 1.46, 1.90와 1.13이었다. 벌꿀시료에서 이당류는 약14종을 분리하였으며, 이전의 연구에서 보고된 cellobisoe와 melebiose는 모든 벌꿀시료에서 검출되지 않았다. 주요 이당류로는 turanose, maltulose, maltose, trehalulose, kojibiose, isomaltose, nigerose였으며, 꽃꿀에서 미량으로 존재하는 이당류로는 sucrose, α-trehalose, α,β-trehalose, laminaribiose, palatinose, gentibiose 등으로 나타났다. 이당류의 총 함량은 maltulose, turanose, trehalulose의 함량이 높은 밤꿀에서 14.2±2.43%로 가장 높았으며, 아카시아 꿀에서 상대적으로 낮은 8.79±1.76%였다. 밀원별 벌꿀에서 7종류의 삼당류를 정량분석하였으며, 그 중 erlose는 사양꿀에서 4.59±1.28%로 가장 높았으며, 꽃꿀에서는 0.79-1.75%의 함량분포를 나타내었다.. 이당류와 삼당류의 총 함량은 maltulose와 turanose, trehalulose, isomaltose 등의 함량이 높게 나타난 밤꿀에서 16.0±2.03%로 가장 높았으며, 아카시아, 잡화꿀과 사양꿀에서는 각각 9.70±1.75%, 11.5±3.07%와 15.1±3.19%의 평균함량 분포를 보였다. Sugar profiles of 45 Korean honey samples (15 acacia, 15 multi-floral, 10 chestnut, and 5 artificial honey samples), which are commercially available in the Korean markets, were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) through TMS-oxime and TMS-methoxime derivatization. The average invert sugar contents in acacia, multi-floral, chestnut, and artificial honey samples were 71.2±1.05, 68.7±3.26, 63.2±1.85, and 68.0±2.10%, respectively. Fourteen disaccharides were detected from the samples, and the average content of major disaccharides was higher in order of turanose, maltulose, maltose, trehalulose, kojibiose, isomaltose, and nigerose. The average content of total disaccharides was highest in chestnut and lowest in acacia. Seven trisaccharides were detected from the samples, and the average content of trisaccharides was the highest in artificial honeys, which had high erlose content. The total content of disaccharides and trisaccharides was highest (16.0±2.03%) in chestnut honey and lowest (9.70±1.75%) in acacia honey.

수화에 나타난 화용론적 요소

장은숙(Jang Eun Suk) 영상영어교육학회 2002 영상영어교육 (STEM journal) Vol.3 No.2

This paper proposes the pragmatic factors of Sign Languages. Even though Sign Language grammar shares some similarities with spoken languages, its visual, spatial and gestural features combine to create some grammatical structures that are unparallelled in the world of spoken languages. In particular, the spatial qualities allow a signer to express two or more thoughts simultaneously. Signers use common types of nonmanual signals to accomplish the illocutionary force. Nonmanual signals for other types of structures require a different set of facial expressions and body movement. Signers draw attention to a particular place in the signing space in which a person or thing has been established and use a TOPIC/COMMENT structure to highlight key information in a sentence. Firstly, nouns are established in the signing space, and, after they are established, these nouns can be used to refer to someone or something. Secondly, certain verbs can move in different directions to tell us who did what to whom. Thirdly, the orientation of the hand(s) during signing tells us the subject and the object of a sentence. The direction of movement indicates the relationship between the source or the beginning location and the goal or ending location. The role of the controlled left hand and the controlling right hand, indicate the recipient and the actor of a situation structure. An argument can have more than one thematic role according to aktionsart (situation aspect).

퇴계전서로 본 이황의 토지사상 연구

장은숙(Jang, Eun Suk) 한국지적학회 2016 한국지적학회지 Vol.32 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 퇴계전서를 통해 이황의 토지사상이 무엇인가를 제시하는 것이었다. 연구목적을 효율적으로 달성하기 위해 시간적 범위는 이황이 출생한 1501년부터 사망한 1570년까지로 하고, 공간적 으로는 도산서당을 중심으로 한 귀촌생활공간으로 하였으며, 내용적으로는 퇴계전서의 토지관련 시를 연구범위로 한정하였다. 조사방법으로는 문헌조사법을, 분석방법으로는 비교분석법을 사용하였다. 분석 결과, 이황의 토지사상은 소유관점으로 보면 사유화사상, 이용관점으로 보면 생산재사상, 관리 관점으로 보면 규제화사상으로 나타났다. 이들 세 가지의 관점을 종합한 결과는 사유화사상이 가장 강하게 나타났다. 그러나 사유화사상은 이황이 1531년 지산와사를 건립할 때부터 1560년 도산서당을 완공한 때까지 약 14년 동안에 나타난 토지사상이다. 따라서 도산서당 건립 이후 이황이 여생동안 그간 설립한 강학공간을 적극적으로 활용하여 건강과 취미활동, 학문 활동 등을 추구한 점을 고려한다면 이황의 토지사상은 이용관점의 생산재사상으로 제시되는 것이 타당한 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to provide the idea of “What is Lee Hwang’s land thoughts through Toegye’s collected works?” To get the study purpose in an efficient way, the temporal realm was limited from the year 1501 when the Lee Hwang was born to the year 1570 when he died; the spatial realm was focused on Dosan Seodang mainly with the life space returned to his home village; and the content was limited to a land related poem with Togye’s collected works as a study realm. Further, a literature review method was used for the review while a comparative analysis method was used for the analysis. The findings support that Lee Hwang’s idea of land is considered to be of privatization thought when it comes to the ownership; production thought when it comes to the utilization; and regularization thought when it comes to the management. Summarizing these three points of view, it turned out that the privatization thought is most significant. However, it is important to note that the privatization thought is related to the idea of land prevailed for about 30 years from the year 1531 when Lee Hwang built Jisanwasa to the year 1560 when construction of Dosan Seodang was complete. Thus, it is reasonable that Lee Hwang’s land thoughts should be understood as a production thought from the view point of the utilization taking into consideration of the fact that Lee Hwang had fully taken advantage of the education space established during his whole life seeking for his health, hobbies and academic activities since the construction of Dosan Seodang was complete.

영어 전자교재 선정을 위한 평가 준거

장은숙(Jang Eun-Suk) 한국영어교과교육학회 2007 영어교과교육 Vol.6 No.2

The purpose of this study is to review the criterion of evaluating the electronic textbooks and to suggest the criterion of choosing the electronic textbooks suitable for English learners. In order to achieve these purposes, questionnaires based on the results of the experts committee and the interviews were used, the development phases of the electronic textbook(analysis - design - development - experiment - evaluation - revise - application) are reviewed, and the directions of the electronic textbook are considered in terms of the design of learning contents, functional components, and technical components. The questions were composed of six areas: social and ethical area, content area, teachinglearning area, evaluation area, function area, and technical area. The data revealed that fairness, the level of learners, authenticity, the design of classroom activities, evaluation, and the function and technical device of the electronic textbooks in the six areas are very important factors in assessing and choosing the electronic textbooks. In this study, it is proposed that the social and ethical area, the content area, the teachinglearning area, the evaluation area, the function area, and the technical area need to be considered in making the electronic textbooks.

수화사용 농학생의 사동문과 피동문에 대한 오류분석

장은숙 ( Eun-suk Jang ),원성옥 ( Sung-ok Won ) 한국특수교육문제연구소 2005 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.6 No.2

본 연구는 수화를 사용하는 농학생들에게 사동문과 피동문을 보다 효과적으로 교수하기 위한 방안을 제2언어교육적 방법에서 접근해 보고자 하였다. 따라서 먼저 한국어와 한국수화의 사동문과 피동문에서 동사와 논항이 가지는 의미관련성과 동사 자체가 가지는 의미적 제약을 분석하고, 언어처리 과정에서 화자가 어떤 부분을 투시하고 있는가에 대한 관점의 차이에 따라 용언을 어떻게 처리하는 지를 사건구조에 따라 설명하였다. 또한 수화를 사용하는 전문대 농학생 22명의 사동문과 피동문의 오류를 분석하여 그 결과를 토대로 효과적인 교수방안을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to suggest an effective learning model of causative & passive forms for sign language users learning Korean. It is conducted with error analysis of Korean and Korean Sign language. The event structure considering conceptual constituents and semantic features can explain relationships between causative and passive constructions of Korean and Sign language. This reveals a significant correlation between contrastive analysis and error data. The language process must not be expressed by syntactic transformation limited to verbs, but by the situation aspects with semantic restrictions of the verb, the relationships of verb and arguments, and the perspective of speakers. This study based on event structure can contribute to finding the causes of errors and thereby reducing the errors in the Korean language education.

텍스트에 나타난 의미역 분석

장은숙(Jang Eun-Suk) 새한영어영문학회 2006 새한영어영문학 Vol. No.

The purpose of this study is to propose the thematic system based on situation structure, and to testify the theoretical validity of the system in narrative text, essay, newspaper, and address. This system can solve the problems by analysing thematic structures such as the distinction between spatial roles and logical patients as well as various semantic properties of agent totally described by previous studies. In addition, the system shows the notional differentiation among thematic roles considering semantic features such as CONTROL, CAUSE, TELICITY, and CHANGE. Furthermore, this shows the theoretical necessity of the situation structure according to aktionsart (situation aspect) and the relationship between the structure and thematic roles. The correspondence between the proposals and their application is proved by analysing texts. This study based on situation structure can contribute the significant correlation between verb and argument, corresponding conceptual interpretation language use.

초등영어교실에서의 학습자의 상호작용능력 및 창의성 신장을 위한 발문 전략 연구

장은숙(Jang Eun suk) 한국초등영어교육학회 2016 초등영어교육 Vol.22 No.4

The purpose of this paper is to present questioning strategies for improving learners’ interaction competence and creativity in primary English classrooms. To achieve the purpose, recent papers on questioning types were investigated and the Delphi survey targeted to questioning types was carried out. Panels of mixed English education experts (professors, researchers, elementary teachers, etc) can make judgments about questioning types appropriate to the levels of primary school through the surveys respectively. The results showed that the questioning types need to be composed of the questions of knowledge, comprehension, inference, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Based on the results, the framework for questioning types based on grade clusters considering form, purpose, and function was suggested in primary English classes. In the framework, questioning types (knowledge, comprehension, inference, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation, etc) and strategies were investigated through the Delphi survey and expert committee meetings. The preliminary framework of questioning types and strategies were checked by in-depth interviews with 20 teachers. It was shown that the cyclicality of the framework needs to be considered in the aspect of for improving learners’ interactional competence and creativity. The results of the survey and the interviews were fed back into revising the first draft. In this study, it was suggested that the revised framework of questioning types and strategies based on grade clusters need to be applied to improve primary learners’ interactional competence and creativity in the primary classroom.

Effects of Low Dose γ-ray Irradiation on the Early Growth and Antioxidant Activity in Raphanus sativus L. Seeds

Eun Suk Jang(장은숙),Hyun Hwa Lee(이현화),Kwang Sang Kim(김광상),Hee Ock Boo(부희옥),Jung Hyun Sung(성정현),Ji Hae Lee(이지혜),Sook Young Lee(이숙영) 한국원예학회 2005 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2005 No.5

방사선 조사가 무(Raphanus sativus L.) 종자의 초기 생육과 항산화 활성에 미치는 효과

장은숙(Eun Suk Jang),이현화(Hyun Hwa Lee),김재성(Jae Sung Kim),이숙영(Sook Young Lee) 한국원예학회 2005 원예과학기술지 Vol.23 No.3

저선량의 감마선 조사가 무 종자의 발아율과 초기생육에 미치는 영향과 DPPH radical 소거능 조사를 통한 항산화 활성 변화 유무를 분석하였다. 발아율은 저장하지 않은 종자의 경우 조사구가 비조사구에 비해 전반적으로 저하된 반면 12개월 저장했던 종자는 조사구가 비조사구보다 8~14%정도 높아졌다. 종자의 저장온도에 따른 발아율 및 초기생육은 조사구가 비조사구의 발아율보다 실온과 10℃ 모두에서 약간 저하되는 경향을 보였으나 유묘의 초장과 근장, 건물중은 조사구가 비조사구보다 상당히 높은 증가효과를 나타냈다. 실온저장 종자의 경우, 4Gy 조사구의 초장이 비조사구보다 36.6% 더 증가되었으며, 16Gy와 32Gy는 실온 및 10℃ 저장조건에서 유묘의 신장촉진에 가장 적합한 저선량으로 나타났다. 감마선 조사에 따른 무 종자 추출물의 항산화활성은 100μg/mL 농도에서 8Gy의 조사구가 비조사구 보다 8% 더 높은 활성을 나타냈고 그 밖의 조사구는 비조사구에 비하여 약간 저하되는 경향을 보였다. This study was to elucidate the effect of low dose gamma (γ) radiation on the germination, seedling growth, and antioxidant activity of radish seeds. Gamma radiation irradiated seeds were increased by 8~14% on the germination as compared to control in the non-stored group but not in the seed stored for 12 months after irradiated. Germination rate according to seed storage temperature was decreased a little in irradiated seeds, whereas early growth rate of irradiated seeds promoted significantly more than control at both room temperature (RT) and 10℃. 4 Gy in seed stored at RT was increased by 36.6% on leaf length, and 16 and 32 Gy were optimal radiation dose for early growth promotion at RT and 10℃. Antioxidant activity of 8 Gy irradiation seed extracts was 8% higher than that of the control in the concentration of 100 μg/mL.

문화 간 화자를 위한 수업 연계 역동적 평가 방향

김진석(Kim, Jin-Seok)장은숙(Jang, Eun-Suk) 글로벌교육연구학회 2017 글로벌교육연구 Vol.9 No.4

본 연구에서는 역동적 평가 기반 교수-학습 방법 및 평가를 통해 문화 간 화자의 의사소통 능력을 역동적으로 측정할 수 있는 방안을 제안하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 초ㆍ 중ㆍ고등학교 교사의 지도안 9개를 분석하여 문화 간 화자들의 의사소통 능력을 측정하고 있는 실태를 파악하고, 향후 문화 간 화자들의 의사소통 능력 성장 여부를 역동적으로 평가하고 있는지를 살펴보았다. 수업 지도안 분석 결과, 첫째, 표준화된 시험이나 다양한 분석 방법(SWOT분석, 포지션닝 맵 등)을 활용하여 좀 더 구체적으로 학습자를 진단하지 못했고, 학습자들이 향후 도달해야 할 성취목표의 수준에 적합한 평가문항을 제작하여 진단평가를 실시하지도 않았다. 둘째, 수업 전개 단계에서, 교사들은 수업 활동을 설명하면서 학습자들이 어려워할 수 있는 활동을 단계별로 구체적으로 지시하고, 제안하고, 시범 보이는 방법을 구현하지 않았고, 강화 및 피드백을 주고, 반론 및 모순을 지적하는 방법을 계획하고 있지 않았기 때문에 학습자들이 학습 목표를 실질적으로 달성하도록 하는 데에 한계가 있었다. 셋째, 수업의 정리단계에서 개인별, 집단별, 짝별 활동을 통해 학습자들의 학습 목표 달성 여부를 제대로 평가하지 못하였고, 다음 수업 활동을 위해 새로운 근접발달영 역을 설정하지 않았다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 먼저 수업 계획 시, 역동적 평가의 케이크 유형을 바탕으로 학습자의 발달을 촉진해야 하고, 둘째, 교사는 문화 간 화자들 이 상호작용하는 과정에서 교사나 우수학력 수준의 동료들이 어떤 유형의 도움을 주며, 아울러 도움의 양, 횟수, 시간을 어떻게 구성할 지를 계획해야 하며, 셋째, 문화 간 화자들의 의사소통 능력을 함양하기 위해 평가자인 교사와 피험자인 문화 간 화자의 상호작용의 과정 속에서 조력의 정도를 바탕으로 그들의 성장과정을 평가해야 하고, 마지막으로 문화 간 화자들을 위해 처음에는 명시적 또는 암묵적으로 제시하는 교사의 통제적 도움(스캐폴딩, 오류수정 등)으로 목표언어를 표현하도록 지도하지만, 점진적으로 자신의 인지 능력이나 발화 속도 등에 맞게 자신의 생각을 스스로 표현할 수 있는 능력을 갖추도록 지도할 필요가 있음을 제안하였다. Dynamic assessment(DA) is an alternative method of conceptualizing the alignment of assessment and instruction based on Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory of cognitive development. The purpose of this paper was to suggest the direction of the alignment of dynamic assessment and instruction for intercultural speakers in English classes considering DA strategies focused on scaffolding. For this, recent papers on the alignment of dynamic assessment and instruction were reviewed and investigated, and expert meetings were carried out to deliberate on the possibility of the alignment of dynamic assessment and instruction in English classes. Also, nine lesson plans presented to demonstrate a class for Teaching English in English(TEE)-ACE were analysed. From the findings, the lesson plans had difficulty in assessing intercultural speakers appropriately and systematically. In this study, it was suggested that the strategies of the alignment of dynamic assessment and instruction need to be applied to improve intercultural speakers’interactional competence and cultural knowledge in the process of doing cultural tasks implemented in the classes.