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Dendritic cells and skin immune system
장성은 ( Sung Eun Chang ) 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2
The human skin immune system (SIS) including skin associated lymphoid tissue (SALT) and humoral factors comprised of two functional parts : (1) innate (2) adaptive. Cells of the innate immune system include macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) which use pattern recognition receptors such as toll-like receptors (TLRs) and respond rapidly without specificity. Keratinocytes (KC), complements, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), cytokines, neuropeptides, eicosanoids, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also components of innate immune system. Cells of the adaptive immune system are T and B lymphocytes which use specific antigen receptors, respond slowly and retain memory. DCs including Langerhans cells (LCs), dermal dendritic cells (DDCs), KC, endothelial cells and cytokines are other constituents. DCs are gate keeper of SIS and play a role as professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) and the only APCs capable of interacting with naive T cells. Homeostatic DCs comprised of epidermal LCs and CD11c+ dermal dendritic cells (DDCs) and inflammatory DCs comprised of plasmacytoid DC (pDCs) and CD11c+CD1c-inflammatory dendritic skin cells (IDSCs) derive from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). In psoriasis, TNF and iNOS producing DCs (Tip-DCs), a new type of myeloid CD11c+ DCs are increased. Among these 4 types of DCs, pDCs are derived from common lymphoid progenitor cells (CLPC) by activation of transcription factor IRF-8 and express TLR-7 and TLR-9. pDCs can produce massive IFN-α in response to TLR-ligands such as viral ssRNA or CpG DNA leading to protection against viral infection. These various DCs interacting with SIS have important pathogenetic roles in atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and other skin diseases.
금연의 준비단계이전에서 준비단계로, 준비단계에서 준비단계이후로의 이행에 대한 예측변인 : 청소년과 성인 비교
장성옥(Chang Sung Ok),김은주(Kim Eun Ju),서문경애(Seomun Gyeong-Ae),이수정(Lee Su Jeong),차보경(Cha Bo Kyung) 기본간호학회 2006 기본간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1
Purpose: This study was done to identify predictors differentiating the preparation stage, which is the stage that the smoker is ready to quit smoking, between adolescent smokers and adult smokers. Method: A survey was conducted with 376 adolescent smokers in 4 high schools and 451 adult smokers in community settings in South Korea from August 2003 to April 2005. To identify the predictors before and after preparation in stages of change of smoking, logistic regression was done. Results: The predictors for before preparation in stages of change of smoking were process of change for smoking abstinence for adolescent smokers and depression for adult smokers. The predictors for after preparation in stages of change of smoking were self-efficacy for smoking abstinence for adolescent smoker and self-efficacy for smoking abstinence and smoking temptation for adult smokers. Conclusion: For each group, adolescent smokers and adult smokers, specific smoking intervention methods need to be developed based on the different ways individuals make the decision to quit smoking within their contexts.
건선 표피에서의 p53, pRb, p16, p21 및 PCNA에 대한 면역조직화학적 고찰
장성은(Sung Eun Chang),성경제(Kyung Jeh Sung),문기찬(Kee Chan Moon),고재경(Jai Kyoung Koh),최지호(Jeo Ho Choi) 대한피부과학회 1999 대한피부과학회지 Vol.37 No.9
N/A Background : Psoriasis is a chronic disorder which is characterized by hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes with T-cell infiltration. There is increasing evidence that inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes can promote uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumor formation. The products of p53, Rb, p16, p21 genes are examples of the molecules the cell growth cycle. Objective : In this study, immunhistochemical analysis of cell cycle-related molecules (p53, pRb, p16, p21Wafl, and PCNA) was done to elucidate the roles and interactions of those molecules in the pathogenesis of psoriatic keratinocytes. Materials and methods : Formalin-fixed skin samples composed of 20 chronic plaque type psoriatic, 20 nonlesional and 20 normal epidermis, and 5 squamous cell carcinomas were included in this study. Results : Our results suggest that p53 protein accumulation is an early event in cutaneous SCC, but not in psoriasis. In our study, diffuse expression of p16 with almost negative expression of pRb in psoriatic epidermis suggest that inverse relationship is maintained. Although loss of p16 expression is frequently associated with many kinds of cancers, we speculate there is a possibility that is a strong expression of p16 is related to localized cancer as well as in benign hyperproliferative lesions. In psoriasis, p21 may be overexpressed via a p53-independent pathway. The number of PCNA positive cells was higher in the psoriatic epidermis in contrast to scattered staining in the psoriatic nonlesional and normal epidermis Conclusion : The proliferative status of psoriatic leratinocytes dose not implicate Rb gene and may not implicate the p53 gene significantly. It is associated with the strong expression of PCNA and moderately increased expressions of p16 and p21. (Korean J Dermatol 1999;37(9) : 1286∼1295)
Symposium 5-4 (SYP 5-4) : Practical things of pigment cell research in the clinical field
장성은 ( Sung Eun Chang ) 대한피부과학회 2014 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.66 No.2
Melanin is crucial for skin color and protection from ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced damage. However, over-production and accumulation of melanin due to extreme exposure to UV irradiation or chronic inflammation could lead to various hyperpigmentary skin disorders, such as melasma, freckles, lentigines and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). Particularly, the disease course of melasma is sometimes unpredictable and indicates other subclinical systemic involvement beyond the paracrine action of the skin. Neuroendocrine modulation, alteration of lipid metabolism or inflammatory events may be associated at least with some patients with melasma. We already have known that the key to the point of treatment of melasma is successful long term maintenance of ‘good’ improvement outcome, not the removal of hyperpigmented patches themselves. Therefore, melasma should be handled with approaches toward a medical disease rather than acondition for skin resurfacing indication. Another commonly encountered lesion is lentigo. Childhood onset epidermal melanotic macules, lentigo simplex, early onset solar lentigines, senile lentigines with solar damage, certain type of seborrheic keratosis and benign lichenoid keratosis comprise the list of ‘lentigines’ which might have responded differently to treatments. The role of visible light on hyperpigmentation and the long newer lists of various lasers make the PIH story even more complex in Korean skin with certain detailed skin types.
Cosmetics for diseased or disease-prone skin
장성은 ( Sung Eun Chang ) 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2
Effective topical management is necessary for the skin diseases or disease-prone skin such as melasma, rosacea, contact dermatitis, acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and skin conditions associated with chronic systemic diseases. In such cases, topicals involve not only selection of topical medications, but also the use of appropriate cosmetics. Applying proper cosmetics is essential as it is the ‘every day care’ of atopic dermatitis and other dermatitis, dry skin and psoriasis, even when inflammation sign is not visible. Selection of a nonirritating cleanser and a well-formulated moisturizer is important as they are devoid of common irritants and allergens and rather, are able to repair the impaired epidermal barrier function. Especially as to rosacea, limited use of a dermatologist-selected cosmetics compared to self-selection by patients has helped the reduction of signs and symptoms of rosacea. Ideal cosmetics for the skin diseases or disease-prone skin should serve to reduce irritation that may be associated with topical medications (i.e. retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, calcineurin inhibitors, antibiotics) and to enhance skin barrier defect that is associated with use of topical steroids or calcineurin inhibitors. For example, sequential application of a physiologic lipid-based moisturizer after topical retinoids or calcineurin inhibitors has been shown to reduce irritation without a compromise in efficacy. Also, these cosmetics should be able to decrease the potential for skin irritation, erythema and hyperpigmentation which may develop during the laser treatment for specific skin diseases. Further, as well as the moisturizer formulation itself, cosmetic actives which are rapidly developing in recent industries have been demonstrated to show active roles as they also contribute independently to improvement of signs and symptoms of the underlying skin diseases.