폐금속 광산지역 토양 중 중금속 농도와 주민의 혈액 및 요중 중금속 농도와의 관련성

장봉기,박상일,김남수,정경식,이병국,이종화,Jang, Bong-Ki,Park, Sang-Il,Kim, Nam-Soo,Jung, Kyung-Sick,Lee, Byung-Kook,Lee, Jong-Wha 한국환경보건학회 2011 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.37 No.5

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to examine the relationship between heavy metal concentrations in the soil and the level of heavy metals in the blood or urine of 216 local residents living near abandoned metal mines. Methods: Residents around abandoned metal mines were interviewed about their dietary habits, including seafood consumption, medical history, cigarette smoking, and drug history. Metal concentrations in the soil were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA-7000, Shimadzu, Japan). Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) contents in the blood or urine were analyzed by GF-AAS (AA-6800, Shimadzu). Mercury (Hg) contents in the blood were determined by means of a mercury analyzer (SP-3DS, NIC). Arsenic (As) content in the soil and urine were measured by a HG-AAS (hydride vapor generation-atomic absorption spectrophotometer). Results: The heavy metal concentrations in the soil showed a log normal distribution and the geometric means of the four villages were 8.61 mg/kg for Pb, 0.19 mg/kg for Cd, 1.81 mg/kg for As and 0.035 mg/kg for Hg. The heavy metal levels of the 216 local residents showed a regular distribution for Pb, Cd, Hg in the blood and As in the urine. The arithmetic means were 3.37 ${\mu}g$/dl for Pb, 3.07 ${\mu}g$/l for Cd and 2.32 ${\mu}g$/l for Hg, 10.41 ${\mu}g$/l for As, respectively. Conclusions: As a result of multi-variate analysis for the affecting factors on the bodily heavy metal concentrations, gender and concentration in the soil (each, p<0.01) for blood lead levels; gender and smoking status (each, p<0.01) for blood cadmium levels; gender (p<0.01) for urine arsenic levels; gender, age and concentration in the soil (p<0.01) for blood mercury levels were shown to be the affecting factors.

슬레이트 지붕의 설치년도와 면적에 따른 공기 및 유출 빗물 중의 석면 농도

장봉기 ( Bong Ki Jang ),류제영 ( Je Young Ryu ),탁현욱 ( Hyun Wook Tak ),송수진 ( Su Jin Song ),이종화 ( Jong Wha Lee ),이강호 ( Gang Ho Lee ),최재호 ( Jae Ho Choi ) 한국산업위생학회 2013 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the number and influence factors of asbestos fibers in the air of farmhouses with asbestos cement slate roofing, as well as in rainwater per unit area of the asbestos cement slate roofing. Methods: At a distance of 1 m from the end of asbestos cement slate roofing in 20 farmhouses, the asbestos fiber in the air was collected three times on a clear day downwind from the prevailing wind. Rainwater falling from the slate roofing was collected four times with a 1.05-m rainwater pipe on a rainy day at the 20 farmhouses, filtered with a MCE filter, and analyzed with a phase contrast microscope. Results: The geometric mean of the number of asbestos fibers in the air of farmhouses with slate roofing was 0.11 fiber/L, and no samples exceeded the recommended standard of 10 fiber/L. As a result of multiple regression analysis, a factor which gave a significant influence to the asbestos fiber content in the air was the gross area of slate roofing at the target farmhouses. The number of asbestos fibers included in rainwater collected per 1 m 2 of slate roofing was 1,753 fiber/L·m 2 . As a result of multiple regression analysis, the number of asbestos fibers contained in rainwater per 1 m 2 of slate showed a significantly higher tendency as the year of slate roofing installation at the target farmhouses receded. Conclusions: It was confirmed for the first time in Korea that asbestos from asbestos cement slate roofing scatters into the air.

납 취급 근로자들에서 비타민 D 수용체 (VDR) 유전자의 다형성과 납 노출 지표와의 관련성

장봉기 ( Bong Ki Jang ),정현정 ( Hyun Jeong Jeong ),이종화 ( Jong Wha Lee ),안규동 ( Kyu Dong Ahn ),이병국 ( Byung Kook Lee ) 한국산업위생학회 2003 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.13 No.3

This study was designed to analyze the relationship between VDR (Vitamin D receptor) genotype and lead exposure indices. VDR genotype of lead workers was analyzed with using Bsml and Apal restriction enzymes. Also, levels of lead and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) in blood, δ-aminolevulinic acid in urine (ALAU), δ-aminolevulinic acid in serum (ALAP), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) were measured. The results were as follows: 1. The frequency of genotype according to Bsml in VDR gene was 0.5% in BB, 10.2% in Bb, 89.2% in bb. And the frequency of genotype according to Apal in VDR gene was 18.3% in AA, 25.8% in Aa, 55.9% in aa. 2. The mean of lead in blood of each genotype according to Bsml restriction enzyme was 41.27 ㎍/㎗ in BB·Bb and 34.01 ㎍/㎗ in bb, respectively. Levels of lead in blood of BB·Bb genotype was significantly higher than those of bb genotype (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between other lead exposure indices and genotypes. 3. There was no significant difference between each genotype shown because of Apal restriction enzyme and lead exposure indices. However, the mean of ZPP (84.87 ㎍/㎗) in aa genotype was relatively higher than that (71.02 ㎍/㎗) in AA·Aa. 4. The combination of each VDR genotype gaining from using Bsml and Apal restriction enzyme resulted in 53.8% in bbaa, 22.0% in bbAa, 13.4% in bbAA, 6.5% in BbAa, 2.2% in Bbaa, 1.6% in BbAA and 0.5% in BBAa. 5. In result to make a comparison between lead exposure indices according to combine genotype, lead workers with the VDR BbAa allele had significantly higher levels of lead in blood (p<0.05) and ALAP (p<0.01) Also, lead workers with the VDR BbAa allele were high ZPP, ALAU, Hb and Hct, but there was not significant difference. 6. Levels of lead in blood and in bone was significantly high as the period of work got longer (p<0.01). It was shown that levels of lead in blood was related with levels of ALAU, ALAP, Hb, Hct. From the above results, VDR genotype according to Bsml and Apal restriction enzyme, respectively is related to levels of lead in blood. Combined genotype VDR according to Bsml and Apal polymorphisms is related to levels of lead in blood and ALAP. However, it is considered that many more studies should be necessary to figure out whether VDR genotype according to restriction enzymes and its combined forms affect the susceptibility of lead and the relationship between two things.

관성어용 기포발생기를 개조한 시료채취 장치와 기존의 시료채취기와의 성능 비교

장봉기 ( Bong Ki Jang ),천재영 ( Jae Young Chun ),손부순 ( Bu Soon Son ),이종화 ( Jong Wha Lee ),박종안 ( Jong An Park ) 한국산업위생학회 2005 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.15 No.3

This study is designed to compare the performance of established samplers (personal air sampler and MiniVOL portable air sampler) commonly used in the air environment or work environment with that of the sampler made by remodeling the air bubble generator for aquarium fishes. Sampling method used in this study is the filter collection method for PMl0 and total suspended particles (TSP), the liquid collection method for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and the solid collection method for toluene, respectively. There is not a significant difference in the average concentration of TSP between the Gilian personal air sampler (1st, 0.316±0.095; 2nd 0.191±0.090; 3rd, 0.185±0.073 mg/m3) and the remodeled sampler (lst, 0.317±0.106, 2nd 0.201±0.050; 3rd 0.189±0.081 mg/m3). There are also not significant differences in the average concentration of PMl0 among the Gilian personal air sampler (0.058±0.006 mg/m3), the remodeled sampler (0.052±0.008 mg/m3) and the MiniVOL portable air sampler (0.054±0.007 mg/m3). The average concentration of the SO2 by the established sampler and the remodeled one is 3.79±0.21 ppb and 3.45±0.15 ppb, respectively. In addition, there are not sigmficant differences in the average concentration of the NO2 between the Gilian personal air sampler (lst, 0.325±0.068; 2nd 0.341±0.206; 3rd, 2.971±0.078 ㎍/m3) and the remodeled sampler (lst, 0.300±0.062; 2nd 0.332±0.144, 3rd, 2.968±0.085 ㎍/m3). There are not significant differences in the average concentration of toluene between the Gilian personal air sampler (lst, 0.499±0.072; 2nd 0.598±0.112; 3rd 2.284±0.077 ㎍/m3) and the remodeled sampler (lst, 0.463±0.133; 2nd 0.603±0.082; 3rd 2.353±0.115 ㎍/m3). From these results, we can conclude that the performance of the remodeled sampler is not different from that of established samplers. There is possibility that the remodeled sampler can be used as a alternative device for Gilian personal air sampler in area and personal air sampling.

공기 중 석면농도 분석시 관상어용 기포발생기를 개조한 장치와 기존의 상업용 시료 채취기와의 성능 비교

장봉기 ( Bong Ki Jang ),탁현욱 ( Hyun Wook Tak ),송수진 ( Su Jin Song ),조봉현 ( Bong Hyun Jo ),김영지 ( Yeong Ji Kim ),손부순 ( Bu Soon Son ),이종화 ( Jong Wha Lee ) 한국산업보건학회 2014 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to estimate the applicability of regional sample collection of environmental samples. Theconcentration of asbestos fibers were analyzed with two devices. One was an existing commercial air sampling pump that has been proved to be accurate and exact, and the other is a remodeled pump for sample collection which was made from an electric bubble generator originally designed for aquarium fish. Samples were collected with the two devices under the same environmental conditions and collection equipment. A comparative analysis of the concentration of ambient asbestos fiber was then performed. Methods: Based on previous research, six farmhouses with asbestos fiber slate roofs known to have high concentrations of asbestos fiber were selected. Using the existing commercial air sampling pump and the remodeled electric bubble generator, four to seven samples were collected each day one meter downwind from the edge of the slate roof at high volume (about 4 L/min) and low volume (about 1.4 L/min). The analyzer responsible for sample quality control of asbestos fibers counted the number of asbestos fibers with a phase microscope. Results: The rates of flow change of the existed sampler and the remodeled pump at high volume were 0.82% and 0.17%, respectively. The rates of flow change at low volume were 3.83% and 1.09%, but there was not significant difference. The rates of flow change are within the error range (±5%) of OSHA analyzing methods. For the high volume sampler, the average asbestos fiber concentration in the air collected by the existed sampler is 6.270 fibers/L and for the remodeled one 5.527 fibers/L, not a significant difference. For the low volume sampler, the average asbestos fiber concentration in the air collected by the existed sampler is 7.755 fibers/L and for the remodeled one 7.706 fibers/L, not a significant difference. The total area of the slate roof of the targeted farmhouse has an effect on the concentration of asbestos fibers in the air from the existing pump and the remodeled one (p<0.01). Conclusions: The sampling function between the existing commercial pump and the remodeled one shows little difference. Therefore, the remodeled pump is considered a pump with a good availability for collecting ambient air asbestos samples.

QFD 및 Stage-gate 모델을 활용한 국방분야 개발단계 품질관리 방안 연구

장봉기 ( Bong Ki Jang ) 한국품질경영학회 2014 품질경영학회지 Vol.42 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to propose adoption of QFD and Stage-gate in order to analyze the quality of korea defense system. Methods: Drawing change data of initial production phase in korea defense system were anlayzed and a practical method was proposed. Results: The results of this study are as follows; Off line Quality Control should be introduced in development phase. Specially, in case of defense system, the best method is QFD(Quality Function Deployment) and Stage-gate process. At first, QFD 1 step defines product planning from VOC(Voice Of Customer), QFD 2 step specifies part planning from product planning, QFD 3 step defines process planning from part planning, QFD 4 step defines production planning from previous process planning. Secondly, Stage-gate process is adopted. This study is proposed 5 stage-gate in case of korea defense development. Gate 1 is located after SFR(System Function Review), Gate 2 is located after PDR(Preliminary Design Review), Gate 3 is located after CDR(Critical Design Review), Gate 4 is located after TRR(Test Readiness Review) and Gate 5 is located before specification documentation submission. Conclusion: Off line QC(Quality Control) in development phase is necessary prior to on line QC(Quality Control) in p roduction phase. F or t he purpose o f off line quality control, QFD(Quality F unction Deployment) a nd Stage-gate process can be adopted.

군수품 품질정책 구현의 산실【국방품질연구회(DQS)】

장봉기(Bong-Ki Jang) 한국정보과학회 2017 정보과학회지 Vol.35 No.12

학술구두세션 : C8품질고전 ; C8.5 : QFD 및 Stage-gate 모델을 활용한 국방분야 개발단계 품질관리 방안 연구

장봉기 ( Jang Bong Ki ) 한국품질경영학회 2014 한국품질경영학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

국가직업능력표준을 활용한 기술분야 교육과정이 교육성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

장봉기(Jang, Bong-Ki),양해술(Yang, Hae-Sool) 한국산학기술학회 2011 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.12 No.12

본 연구는 국가직업능력표준(NCS : National Competency Standards)에서 제시한 기술분야 능력단위를 활용하 여 개발된 교육과정이 교육성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증 연구이다. 연구대상은 학습자와 교수자로 구분하였다. 학 습자는 전문대학사 과정의 재학생과 기업체에 근무하고 있는 재직근로자를 대상으로 하였다. 자료수집 기간은 2010년 4월부터 2011년 6월까지 수집 하였다. 자료 수집은 평가지와 구조화된 설문지를 사용하였으며 자료 분석은 SPSS/WIN 17.0을 활용하였다. 연구 결과 재학생의 경우 교육 전에 실시한 자기평가서는 3점 만점 기준으로 평균 1.40점으로 사 전에 학습내용 이해는 보통이하 정도로 분석되었다. 동일한 학습자에게 교육 후에 동일한 문항에 대한 수행평가서를 빈도 분석한 결과 응답자의 62.48%가 직무를 원활히 수행할 수 있다고 응답하여 학습효과가 있는 것으로 분석 되었 다. 재직근로자의 경우 교육 전에 실시한 자기평가서의 학업성취도에 대한 평균은 1.40점으로 사전에 학습내용에 대 한 이해 정도가 보통이하로 분석되었다. 교육 후에 실시한 수행평가서를 빈도 분석한 결과 응답자의 85.45%가 직무 를 원활히 수행할 수 있다고 응답하여 학습효과가 높게 분석 되었다. 교수자가 표준을 활용한 교육을 실시한 후 직무 수행능력 평가를 실시한 결과, 교수자는 학습자의 직무수행능력을 7점 척도 기준 5.58점으로 높게 부여했다. 본 연구 에서 분석된 것을 종합하면 직업능력표준을 활용한 교육과정이 교육성과에 효과적으로 작용하였다. The study objectively examined the effects on education results from the educational programs developed by adopting competency units of NCS(National Competency Standards)' technology sectors. The objects of the study are divided to learners and instructors. The learners were set bounds to vocational college students to take a degree and incumbent company workers. Research materials had been collected from April of 2010 to June of 2011. We use test papers and structured questionnaire for studying. And we analyzed by SPSS/WIN 17.0. we examined that student's got 1.4 point out of 3 points in their self-test paper before taking classes, below average grades in understanding contents of learning. And as frequency analysis on the after taking classes performance evaluation 62.48% of them answered they can perform their duties in better ways. On average, the company workers got 1.4 point out 3 point before taking classes. And as frequency of analysis on the performance evaluation 85.45% of them answered the can perform their duties in better ways. After instructors took classes on NCS, they gave highly 5.58 out of 7 poins about learners' job competence. On the whole, the educational programs using NCS had positive effects on education results.

허베이 스피리트호 원유유출시 방제작업과 대사증후군의 연관성

이익진,장봉기,이종화,손부순,정해관,하미나,최영현,박명숙,Lee, Ik-Jin,Jang, Bong-Ki,Lee, Jong-Wha,Son, Bu-Soon,Cheong, Hae-Kwan,Ha, Mina,Choi, Young-Hyun,Park, Myungsook 한국환경보건학회 2015 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.41 No.5

Objectives: We aimed to assess the risk of metabolic syndrome one year after the 2007 Hebei Spirit oil spill in Taean, Korea among people exposed to spilt oil during clean-up work. Methods: A total of 6,923 adults, including 3,019 males and 3,904 females, participated in the study. Health examinations and blood tests (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, fasting blood sugar) were performed. A logistic regression model adjusting for age, gender, smoking history, drinking history, income, education, and marital status was used to estimate the risk of metabolic syndrome associated with the level of oil spill exposure. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 24.9% among males and 18% among females. Compared with people living within 20 km of the coastline, the risk of metabolic syndrome among people living within 0.8 km of the coastline was significantly higher (male OR=1.696, 95% CI=1.320-2.178, female OR=1.992, 95% CI=1.549-2.561), including a significant dose-response relationship for distance from early contaminate coastline (p<0.001). The risk of metabolic syndrome was higher according to the increase of duration of cleaning work. The risk of metabolic syndrome among people who participated in the clean-up work for more than 116 days, compared with people who participated in the cleaning work for or less 14 days, was significantly higher (male OR=1.845, 95% CI=1.448-2.353, female OR=1.752, CI=1.378-2.228), with a significant dose-response relationship for days of clean-up work (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that there is a significant association between exposure to the oil spill during the clean-up work, distance from early contaminate coastline and the risk of metabolic syndrome in a doseresponse manner.