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Terazosin 제제인 티지씨$^{\circledR}$정의 하이트린$^{\circledR}$정에 대한 생물학적동등성 시험
임형석,이소영,조주연,배균섭,유경상,장인진,신상구,Lim, Hyeong-Seok,Yi, So-Young,Cho, Joo-Youn,Bae, Kyun-Seop,Yu, Kyoung-Sang,Jang, In-Jin,Shin, Sang-Goo 대한임상약리학회 2001 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.9 No.1
Background : Terazosin is an ${\alpha}-adrenergic$ receptor blocker and is used for the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Terazosin can be administered once daily because of its high oral bioavailability of about 90% and long half-life of 9 to 12 hours. $TZC^{\circledR}tablet$ is an oral terazosin formulation that was intended to be developed as a generic formulation of $Hytrin^{\circledR}tablet$, an existing oral terazosin formulation in Korea. Therefore, we compared the pharmacokinetic characteristics and tested the bioequivalence of the two formulations in healthy Korean male subjects. Methods: The study was conducted as an open-labeled, randomized, 2-way crossover Latin square design in 18 healthy subjects. Subjects were separated into two groups. Subjects in one group were planned to be administered single doses of $Hytrin^{\circledR}tablets$ orally and one week later single doses of $TZC^{\circledR}tablets$. Subjects in another group were planned to be administered in opposite sequence in the same manner. Originally drugs in each period were to be administered in two divided days to 9 subjects each day, to guarantee the safety and well-being of subjects. But, actually, subjects were administered in three divided days to 7, 7 and 4 subjects respectively, due to private reasons of some subjects. Dosage administered was 1 mg as terazosin. Serial blood samples were collected till 48 hours after the drug administration. Plasma terazosin concentration were assayed by reversed phase HPLC using prazosin as internal standard. Pharmacokinetic parameters of the two formulations were analyzed by noncompartmental methods. We tested the sequence effect, period effect and differences of parameters between the two formulations by ANOVA. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of the two parameters were compared by 90% confidence intervals for ratios of $AUC_{0-{\infty}}$ and Cmax and the other pharmacokinetic parameters by student t-tests. Result : There was no difference in date groups when we analyzed the effect of dispersion of dates of drug administration to subjects using ANOVA, for p value was 0.1209. There were no differences between sequence, period and treatment groups, too. Total AUC of $TZC^{\circledR}tablets$ was $278.74{\pm}79.28\;ng\;{\times}\;hr/ml\;(mean{\pm}SD)$, and that of Hytrin tablet was $276.57{\pm}83.79$. $C_{max}$ of $TZC^{\circledR}tablets$ was $26.61{\pm}7.16\;ng/ml\;(mean{\pm}SD)$, and that of $Hytrin^{\circledR}tablet$ was $26.54{\pm}8.46$. AUC ratio between two formulations in individual subjects was $1.019{\pm}0.138.\;t_{1/2}(terminal\;half-life)$, $T_{max}$(time to maximum concentration), MRT(mean residence time) were similar between two formulations. The 90% confidence interval of total AUC difference between two $formulations(-17.86{\sim}22.20)$ was within the 20% of AUC of $Hytrin^{\circledR}tablet$, a $reference(-55.31{\sim}+51.31)$. The 90% confidence interval of $C_{max}$ difference between two $formulations(-2.44{\sim}2.66)$ was also within the 20% of $C_{max}$ of $Hytrin^{\circledR}tablet(-5.31{\sim}+5.31)$. Therefore, $TZC^{\circledR}tablets$ and $Hytrin^{\circledR}tablet$ were bioequivalent. Conclusion : Bioequivalence study is a clinical trial with human beings as subjects. Therefore, we should conduct clinical trial with due regard to the safety and well-being of subjects. The dispersion of administration dates is likely to occur in actual clinical trial field. There were no statistically significant differences in date groups when analyzed by ANOVA test, and we could conclude that the administration of drugs in three divided days had no effect on the bioequivalence test results of the
임형석,이수진,Lim, Hyeong Seok,Lee, Soo Jin 한국융합보안학회 2021 융합보안 논문지 Vol.21 No.3
Tor, known as Onion Router, guarantees strong anonymity. For this reason, Tor is actively used not only for criminal activities but also for hacking attempts such as rapid port scan and the ex-filtration of stolen credentials. Therefore, fast and accurate detection of Tor traffic is critical to prevent the crime attempts in advance and secure the organization's information system. This paper proposes a novel classification model that can detect Tor traffic and classify the traffic types based on CNN(Convolutional Neural Network). We use UNB Tor 2016 Dataset to evaluate the performance of our model. The experimental results show that the accuracy is 99.98% and 97.27% in binary classification and multiclass classification respectively. Onion Router라고 알려진 Tor는 강한 익명성을 보장하기 때문에 각종 범죄행위뿐만 아니라 신속한 포트 검색 및 인증정보의 외부 유출 등 해킹 시도에도 활발하게 이용되고 있다. 따라서 범죄 시도를 조기에 차단하고 해킹으로부터 조직의 정보시스템을 안전하게 보호하기 위해서는 Tor 트래픽의 빠르고 정확한 탐지가 상당히 중요하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)을 기반으로 Tor 트래픽을 탐지하고 트래픽의 유형을 분류하는 분류모델을 제안한다. 제안하는 분류모델의 성능 검증에는 UNB Tor 2016 데이터세트가 사용되었다. 실험을 진행한 결과, 제안하는 접근방법은 Tor 및 Non-Tor 트패픽을 탐지하는 이진분류에서는 99.98%, Tor 트래픽의 유형을 구분하는 다중분류에서는 97.27%의 정확도를 보여주었다.
Graceful 그래프의 확장된 필요 조건에 관한 연구
임형석(Lim Hyeong Seok) 한국정보과학회 1987 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.14 No.1
본 논문에서는 Golomb이 제시한 graceful 그래프에 대한 필요 조건에 의해서 검증할 수 없는 부류의 그래프들을 검증할 수 있도록 기존의 필요 조건을 확장시켰다. 그리고 확장된 필요 조건을 이용하여 graceful numbering을 구하는 알고리즘을 제시하였다.
건강한 한국인 자원자에서 테가세로드(Tegaserod) 반복 투여에 의한 안전성 및 약동학 평가
정재용,임형석,홍경섭,배균섭,유경상,조주연,이소영,고재욱,장인진,신상구,Chung, Jae-Yong,Lim, Hyeong-Seok,Hong, Kyoung-Sup,Bae, Kyun-Seop,Yu, Kyung-Sang,Cho, Joo-Youn,Yi, So-Young,Ko, Jae-Wook,Jang, In-Jin,Shin, Sang-Goo 대한임상약리학회 2003 Translational and Clinical Pharmacology Vol.11 No.2
Background: Tegaserod is a selective partial agonist at the $5HT_4$ receptor. Tegaserod belongs to a new class of agents in development for the treatment of functional motility disorders of the gastrointestinal(GD tract. This Phase I clinical study was conducted to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics(PK) of tegaserod in Korean for bridging foreign clinical data. Methods: A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, multiple oral dosing(2 mg, 6 mg, twice a day for 7 days) study was conducted in 32 healthy Korean volunteers(M:F=16:16). Serial blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were taken. Safety evaluation was performed by adverse event monitoring, physical examination including vital signs, ECG and clinical labororatory analysis. Results: Plasma concentration of tegaserod reached peak levels $1.0{\sim}1.5$ hours after single and multiple dose administration and declined with a terminal half life of about 12 hours. PK parameters of 2 mg group were not calculated well due to low plasma concentration. Tegaserod showed linear pharmacokinetic characteristics, and little accumulation occurred after multiple administrations. There were no gender differences in PK parameters. Neither serious nor dose-limiting adverse events were observed. PK of tegaserod in Koreans was comparable to Caucasian data. Conclusion: Tegaserod was found to be safe and showed similar PK characteristics to Caucasians. This study demonstrates comparability between Korean and Caucasian healthy subjects in the PK of tegaserod and supports the use of Caucasian data in the evaluation of PK, safety, and efficacy for Korean patients.
혐기성 토착미생물의 디젤 생분해에 대한 Pb, Cu, Cr의 영향
유채원,임형석,박재우,Yoo, Chae-won,Lim, Hyeong-Seok,Park, Jae-woo 한국지하수토양환경학회 2015 지하수토양환경 Vol.20 No.4
Anaerobic biodegradation of diesel with coexisting heavy metals (Pb) was monitored in batch mode. Two different groups of the indigenous bacteria from a site contaminated with diesel and lead were used in this research: the first group was composed of a single species and the second group was composed of several species. The effect of heavy metals on the microbial population was monitored and confirmed the biodegradation mechanism in each combined contaminant. Growth of the microorganisms in 21 days was observed Diesel > Diesel + Pb > Diesel + Cu > Diesel + Pb + Cu > Diesel + Cr > Diesel + Pb + Cr. Indigenous microorganisms showed the adaptation in the Pb contaminate. Interactive toxic effect using AMES test observed larger synergistic effect than antagonistic in Diesel + Cr and Diesel + Pb + Cr. Therefore, the main effects of diesel biodegradation in the present of heavy metals are likely to exist other factors as well as toxic of heavy metals. This is a necessary part of the future studies.