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현대중국어 ‘嗎’ 시비의문문의 경향성 해석과 응답 체계
임정현(Lim, Jeong-Hyun) 중국문화연구학회 2019 중국문화연구 Vol.0 No.45
There are two types of polar questions in Mandarin Chinese, i.e., sentence final particle ‘MA(嗎)’ question and V-not-V question. It is well-known fact that those two question types are distinguished in three ways. First, only ‘MA’ polar question implies speaker’s bias reading, which can be divided into evidential bias and epistemic bias. Second, only ‘MA’ polar question can co-occur with scope bearing elements. Third, only biased ‘MA’ polar question allows answers with response particle ‘Shi(是)/ Bu shi(不是)’. Our main concern is how to effectively capture these syntactic, semantic and pragmatic properties typical in ‘MA’ polar question, and how to clarify the interface phenomena observed. Rizzi(1997)’s hierarchically organized fine-grained syntactic structure and Wiltschko(2014, 2017)’s speech act related functional projections provide useful tools to associate the interface between syntactic structure and discourse-related notion. Especially, by setting speaker-oriented Ground projection in the syntax of question, the vague notion speaker’s bias can be overtly encoded into syntactic structure. Different syntactic restrictions on scope-bearing elements in two types of polar questions can also be explained by connecting similar necessary conditions on speaker’s Ground projection and scope-bearing elements, as well as by positing distinct syntactic positions licensing interrogative feature of ‘MA’ and V-not-V questions. Lastly, this paper shows that the dual-function of response particles and agreement feature value of them are responsible for the different answering patterns of the two types of polar questions in Mandarin Chinese.
林姃炫(Jeong-Hyun Lim) 중국어문논역학회 2008 中國語文論譯叢刊 Vol.0 No.22
A natural language is governed not only by its unique internal, independent mechanism but also by the norms and logics of its users. Interrelations between these internal and external factors have affected changes and development of a language. Language contact between different language users is another important external factor in this process. This paper aims to illuminate the interactions between these factors in the course of (anti-) normalization of Chinese syntax during the Han-dynasty. Particularly. it focuses on the influence of the translated Buddhist sutra, together with the two separately structured linguistic media (i.e.. wenyan and kouyu, on the diachronic changes in Chinese syntax.