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한국재래산양 송과체와 앞쪽목신경절의 관계규명을 위한 면역조직화학적 연구
이흥식,이인세,송승훈,윤성태,황인구,이충현,Lee, Heungshik S.,Lee, In-Se,Song, Seung-hoon,Yoon, Sung-tae,Hwang, In-koo,Lee, Choong-hyun 대한수의학회 2000 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.40 No.2
The pineal body have been known to be affected by superior cervical ganglia, and most of its nerve fibers containing peptidergic neurotransmitters have been considered to be originated from this ganglia. To confirm this relationships, some peptidergic neurotransmitters were identified in both of pineal body and superior cervical ganglia of the Korean native goat, which were divided into two group; breeding season and non-breeding season. The localizations of two catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes; tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), were investigated by immunohistochemistry in the superior cervical ganglia and the pineal body of adult Korean native goats. Substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin (GAL) were also identified in these organs by immunohistochemical and double immunofluorescent methods. In superior cervical ganglia, immunoreactivities for TH and DBH were confirmed in the same ganglion cells. The immunoreactivites for SP, VIP(only in male), NPY and GAL were identified in both of ganglion cell bodies and nerve fibers in the ganglia. CGRP immunoreactivity, however, was observed only in nerve fibers. Most NPY- and VIP-immunoreactive(IR) ganglion cells also contained TH. SP and TH were colocalized in the cell bodies, but not in the nerve fibers. TH immunoreactivity was shown in almost all of ganglion cells in the superior cervical ganglia. The immunoreactivity for NPY had some seasonal variation and was stronger in breeding season than in non-breeding season. In pineal body, lots of TH-IR fibers were observed throughout the parenchyma including the pineal stalk and most of them also contained DBH. SP- and NPY-IR fibers were also immunostained with TH or DBH. But a few SP- and NPY-IR fibers were not colocalized with TH or DBH. Exceptionally, a bipolar neuron-like cell was observed to be immunostained with NPY in the pineal body. A few CGRP and GAL-IR fibers were observed, while VIP-IR fibers were not present. It is concluded that most TH- and DBH-IR fibers as well as the peptidergic immunoreactive fibers of the pineal body might be originated from the superior cervical ganglia. Some peptidergic immunoreactive fibers, however, might be come from other regions of brain. We also suggest that NPY in pineal body plays a important role for pineal function. The seasonal variation of NPY immunoreactivity indicates that the synthesis and use of NPY may be different between in breeding and non-breeding seasons.
한국에서 Cystiphora 속의 민들레잎혹파리(신칭) 발견 보고
이흥식,이희아,이영수,Lee, Heung Sik,Lee, Hee A,Lee, Young Su 한국응용곤충학회 2020 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.59 No.1
최근 경기지역에 민들레 (Taraxacum spp.)에 붉은 보라색 원형 혹을 형성하는 파리목 혹파리과 Cystiphora 속 (屬)의 민들레잎혹파리 (신칭)가 발견되어 이 종의 발생지역, 피해양상 및 발육단계별 형태적 특성을 보고한다. ecently, dandelion leaf-gall midge of the genus Cystiphora, forming reddish-purple round bumps on dandelion (Taraxacum spp.) have been reported for the first time in Gyeonggi-do, Korea. Therefore, we report the observed area, damage pattern, and morphological characteristics of developmental stages.
한국 재래 산양의 비교해부학적 연구 2. 장간막 비만세포에 대하여
이흥식,김창기,Lee, Heung Shik,Kim, Chang Ki 대한수의학회 1974 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.14 No.2
This study was carried out to investigate on the morphology, distribution and stainability of the mast cells in the Korean Native goat. For the study, the experimental animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and opened the anterior abdomianl wall to remove immediately the specimens with a minimum of mechanical effects. The mesenteries were fixed in 10% neutral formalin, 4% basic lead acetate, absolute alcohol and ethlene glycol monoethyl ether. Following 24 hours of fixation, the toto preparation stained with 0.4% toluidine blue, 1% methylene blue, 1.5% bismark brown, saturated thionine and thionlne-methylene blue complex solution. The preparation were observed from 10 microscopic field with 450 magnification. The results were as follows: 1. The form of the mesenteric mast cell was found 2 types. One was spindle form in larger number around vessels, the other was ovoid or spherical form in connective tissue far from blood vessels. 2. The average size was $18.63{\pm}5.75{\mu}m$ in length, $10.61{\pm}3.39{\mu}m$ in width and number was $105.50{\pm}18.45$. 3. Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether was particularly useful in preserving the mast cell granules. 4. Thione-methylene blue complex solution might be recommended to stain of granules.
방사성옥소(<sup>131</sup>I)가 Guinea pig의 난소조직과 자궁조직에 미치는 영향
이흥식,이강욱,신광순,Lee, Heung Shik,Lee, Kang Wook,Shin, Kwang Soon 대한수의학회 1973 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.13 No.1
This experiment was performed in order to investigate the effect of radioiodine upon the uterus and the ovary of guinea pigs. The animals were injected single dose of 4. 5 mCi of radioiodine per kg of body weight. They were sacrificed on various time intervals; 1, 7, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days after the injection. The results were as follows: 1. In the ovary, the follicle cells and the ova were degenerated with lapse of time after the injection. 2. In the uterus, hyperplasia of the lamina propria of the endometrium and atrophy of the myometrium were observed in accordance with time after the injection.
방사성 옥소(<sup>131</sup>I)가 Guinea Pig의 간장에 미치는 영향
이흥식,이강욱,Lee, Heung Shik,Lee, Kang Wook 대한수의학회 1972 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.12 No.1
This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect on the liver of guinea pig after administration of 4.5mCi per Kg. body wt. with iodine-131. The histological changes in the liver were degeneration of hepatic cells, congestion of sinusoids, dilatation of bile ducts, perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes, and dissociation of hepatic cords. A marked histological changes were produced after treatment for 14 days and the morphological recoveries were observed 28 days after the treatment.
일반시설에서 사육되는 마우스의 품질향상을 위한 기초조사 연구
이흥식,성노현,김경진,김철규,Lee, Heungshik S.,Seung, Rho Hyun,Kim, Kyungjin,Kim, Chul-kyu 대한수의학회 2000 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.40 No.3
For the improvement of quality control of laboratory mouse, we investigated the environmental condition, histopathological findings and serological test using ELISA to mouse hepatitis virus(MHV), Mycoplasma pulmonis(MP), Clostridium piliforme(TZ) and Sendai virus (HVJ) of ICR, C57BL/6, CBA and C3H/He mice that were supplied from conventional laboratory animal facility. 1. The ammonia concentration of facility was below the recommended concentration, 15ppm, by the KNIH, and the room temperature($21{\sim}23^{\circ}C$) and relative humidity(40~60%) was optimum range recommend by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, respectively. 2. The incidence rate of inapparent disease was 86.6% and the major findings in the liver were vacuolar degeneration with nucleic pleomorphism. The lung was shown the thickening of alveolar wall and interstitial pneumonia with congestion. The kidney and spleen were observed the mild congestion and extramedullary hematopoiesis, respectively. 3. The positive reaction rates against MHV and MP in serological test was 97.9% and 37.5%, respectively but HVJ and TZ were negative. These results suggest that laboratory mice could be infected with MHV and MP under conventional environments. Therefore we recommend to select thoroughly inapparent infected mice and to convert conventional system into SPF facility as soon as possible.
막투과성 변화로 인한 대황의 Candida albicans에 대한 항진균 활성
이흥식,김연희,Lee, Heung-Shick,Kim, Younhee 한국미생물학회 2014 미생물학회지 Vol.50 No.4
Candida albicans는 면역력이 약화된 환자의 표재성에서 전신적 감염까지 다양한 부위에서 감염을 유발시킬 수 있는 기회 감염적 병원성 진균이다. C. albicans는 효모형에서 균사형으로 변환될 수 있으며 이 때 바이오필름을 형성할 수 있다. 바이오필름과 관련된 C. albicans의 감염은 일반적으로 통상적인 항진균제에 대해 내성을 보이므로 새로운 항진균제에 대한 개발이 절실하다. 대황(Rheum undulatum)은 전통적으로 한국과 중국에서 하제나 소염제로 사용되는 약용 식물이다. 본 연구의 목적은 R. undulatum이 캔디다증 환자로부터 분리한 C. albicans 바이오필름 형성 균주에 대한 바이오필름 형성 억제효과와 이에 대한 항진균 활성 기작을 알아보는 것이다. R. undulatum (0.098 mg/ml)은 12종의 바이오필름 형성 임상균주의 캔디다 바이오필름을 $49.4{\pm}6.0%$ 감소시켰고 C. albicans의 폴리스티렌 표면으로의 부착을 억제시켰다. CFDA, AM과 propidium iodide로 이중 염색한 결과 R. undulatum은 C. albicans의 세포막을 손상시켰으며 propidium iodide와 neutral red로 염색하여 공초점 레이저 현미경과 위상차 현미경으로 관찰한 결과 C. albicans의 세포용해를 야기함을 관찰할 수 있었다. Crystal violet 흡수율 실험으로 R. undulatum에 의한 세포막 투과성의 변화를 관찰하였다. 따라서 R. undulatum은 세포막의 손상과 세포막의 투과성 변화로 야기된 세포의 용해와 관련된 항진균 활성이 C. albicans의 바이오필름 형성을 억제하는 것으로 보여진다. 본 연구의 결과는 R. undulatum이 바이오필름과 관련된 캔디다의 감염을 치료하고 제거하기 위한 천연물 기반 항진균제 개발에 대한 좋은 후보물질임을 보여준다. Candida albicans is an opportunistic and the most prevalent fungal pathogen that can cause superficial and systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. C. albicans can promote the transition from budding yeast to filamentous form, generating biofilms. Infections associated with C. albicans biofilms are frequently resistant to conventional antifungal therapy. Therefore, the development of more effective antifungal drugs related with biofilm formation is required urgently. The roots of Rheum undulatum have been used for medicinal purposes in Korea and China traditionally. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of R. undulatum extract upon preformed biofilms of 12 clinical C. albicans isolates and the antifungal activities. Its effect on preformed biofilms was evaluated using XTT reduction assay, and metabolic activity of all tested strains was reduced significantly ($49.4{\pm}6.0%$) at 0.098 mg/ml R. undulatum. The R. undulatum extract blocked the adhesion of C. albicans biofilms to polystyrene surfaces, and damaged the cell membrane integrity of C. albicans which was analyzed by CFDA, AM, and propidium iodide double staining. It caused cell lysis which was observed by Confocal laser scanning and phase contrast microscope after propidium iodide and neutral red staining, respectively. Membrane permeability was changed as evidenced by crystal violet uptake. The data suggest that R. undulatum inhibits biofilm formation by C. albicans, which can be associated with the damage of the cell membrane integrity, the changes in the membrane permeability and the cell lysis of C. albicans.
이흥식,Lee, Heung-Sik 한국과학기술단체총연합회 1997 과학과 기술 Vol.30 No.11
지난 9월10일부터 3일간 중국 북경에서 열린 제14차 국제형태학심포지엄엔 30여개국에서 6백여명의 학자들이 참석했고 우리나라에선 28명이 참가하여 24편의 논문을 발표했다. 이번 심포지엄에선 연세의대 박경아교수가 유창한 영어로 진행을 맡아 인기를 끌었고 가톨릭의대 한승호교수 등이 논문을 발표했으며 아주대 이제만교수가 '손금에 의한 유전진단'을 포스터로 발표해 관심을 모았다.
이흥식,김대중,Lee, Heung-shik,Kim, Dae-joong 대한수의학회 1986 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.26 No.1
The arterial supply to the eyeball of the Korean native goat has been described. Observations were made by dissection of ten Korean native goats fixed in embalming fluid and injected with neoprene latex. The results were as follows. 1. The eyeball and accessory ocular organ of the Korean native goat received its blood supply chiefly from the A. ophthalmica externa and partly from the branches of A. temporalis superficialis and A. malaris. 2. A. ophthalmica externa formed Rete mirabile ophthalmicum after giving off Ramus muscularis and A. lacrimalis, and continued to A. supraorbitalis. 1) A. lacrimalis was given off between Mm. rectus lateralis and dorsalis, and supplied lacrimal gland. 2) Rete mirabile ophthalmicum gave off A. ciliares posteriores longae and Rami musculares. A. ciliates posteriores longae gave off A. ciliates posteriores medialis and lateralis, Ramus anastomoticus cum A. ophthalmica interna, A. centralis retinae, Aa. ciliares posteriores breves and Aa. episcaeralis. Rami musculares supplied to M. rectus dorsalis, M. obliquus dorsalis, M. retractor bulbi, M. levator palpebrae superioris and M. rectus medialis, and continued Aa. ciliares anteriores after giving off A. episclerales and A. conjunetivales. 3) A. supraorbitalis supplied to M. rectus dorsalis. M. obliquus dorsalis and conjuntiva, and passed into supraorbital foramen. 3. A. malaris gave off A. palpebrae tertiae, A. palpebralis inferior medialis and A. palpebralis superior medialis, which supplied to third eyelid, medial aspect of the eyelids and conjunctiva. 4. A. temporalis superficialis gave off A. palpebralis inferior lateralis and A. palpebralis superior lateralis, which supplied to lateral aspect of the eyelids, M. orbicularis oculi and M. frontoscutularis.