니켈촉매에 의한 크로톤 알데히드의 액상 수소첨가반응

이학성,박영해,김용섭 ( Hak Sung Lee,Young Hae Park,Yong Sup Kim ) 한국공업화학회 1994 공업화학 Vol.5 No.3

에탄올의 제조시 불순물로서 미량 생성되는 크로톤 알데히드를 수소와 반응시켜 n-부틸알콜로 전환하여 불포화 탄화수소를 제거하는 공정에 액상수소 첨가반응을 이용하고자 하며, 기존의 기상 수소첨가반응보다 월등한 에너지 절약 효과가 있다. 반응촉매는 내구성 및 가격 등 경제적인 측면을 고려하여 니켈촉매를 선택하였으며, 반응전화율의 측정은 PMT(permanganate time) test 방법을 적용하였다. PMT는 에탄올에 미량으로 함유되어 있는 크로톤알데히드의 초기농도 증가에 따라 급격히 감소하였으며, 크로톤 알데히드로부터 n-부틸알콜로의 수첨반응은 탄소-탄소 이중결합의 환원 후, 알데히드의 환원 과정이 연속적으로 일어나고, 각 반응단계는 0차 반응속도 상수를 가진다. 실험조건 범위 내에서는 반응 온도가 높을수록, LHSV가 느릴수록 PMT는 길어지고, 반응압력은 PMT와 거의 무관함을 보였다. Liquid phase hydrogenation come into use for the removal process of unsaturated hydrocarbon such as croton aldehyde. The croton aldehyde is generated in a very small amount as by-product in the ethanol production, and it is converted into n-butanol through hydrogenation. Liquid phase hydrogenation is low energy consumption process as compared with gas phase hydrogenation. The nickel catalyst is selected with respect to the economic aspect such as durability and cost. The analysis of the conversion were performed by method of the PMT(permanganate time) test. The PMT was sharply decreased as the initial concentrations of croton aldehyde in the ethanol solution were increased. The hydrogenation of croton aldehyde to n-butanol was carried out in sequence after the saturation of the carbon-carbon double bond. The formation of both butyraldehyde and n-butanol followed zero order kinetics. Within experimental conditions the PMT gets longer as reaction temperature goes higher and as LHSV becomes slower, while the reaction pressure has almost no relation with PMT.

수용모델을 이용한 서울지역 미세입자 (PM_2.5)에 영향을 미치는 배출원 특성에 관한 연구

이학성,강충민,강병욱,이상권,Lee Hak Sung,Kang Choong-Min,Kang Byung-Wook,Lee Sang-Kwun 한국대기환경학회 2005 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.21 No.3

The purpose of this study is to study the $PM_{2.5}$ source characteristics affecting the Seoul area using a chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model. This study was also to evaluate the $PM_{2.5}$ source profiles, which were directly measured and developed. Asian Dust Storm usually occurred in the spring, and very high $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were observed in the fall among the sampling periods. So the ambient data collected in the spring and fall were evaluated. The CMB model results as well as the $PM_{2.5}$ source profiles were validated using the diagnostic categories, such as: source contribution estimate, t-statistic, R-square, Chi-square, and percent of total mass explained. In the spring months, the magnitude of $PM_{2.5}$ mass contributors was in the following order: Chinese aerosol $(31.7\%)>$ secondary aerosols ($22.3\%$: ammonium sulfate $13.4\%$ and ammonium nitrate $8.9\%)>$ vehicles ($16.1\%$: gasoline vehicle $1.4\%$ and diesel vehicles $14.7\%)>$biomass burning $(15.5\%)>$ geological material $(10.5\%)$. In the fall months, the general trend of the $PM_{2.5}$ mass contributors was the following: biomass burning $(31.1\%)>$ vehicles ($26.9\%$: gasoline vehicle $5.1\%$ and diesel vehicles $21.8\%)>$ secondary aerosols ($23.0\%$: ammonium sulfate $9.1\%$ and ammonium nitrate $13.9\%)>$ Chinese aerosol $(10.7\%)$. The results show that the $PM_{2.5}$ mass in the Seoul area was mainly affected by the Chinese area.

Transformation of C₉ Aromatics on Metal Loaded Mordenite

이학성,김병규,박복수,Lee, Hak-Sung,Kim, Byung-Kyu,Park, Bok-Soo The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering C 1990 공업화학 Vol.1 No.2

$C_9$ aromatics의 transakylation에 대한 금속담지 H-mordenite의 촉매활성 및 선택도에 관한 실험이 고압의 연속흐름 고정층 반응기에서 수행되었다. 니켈담지 H-mordenite(T-Ni) 촉매는 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, 이 활성의 감소속도가 느렸다. 몰리브덴 및 니켈이 담지된 H-mordenite(T-NiMo) 촉매도 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, 탄화수소의 탄화를 억제하였다. T-Ni 및 T-NiMo 촉매의 선택도는 실험범위 내에서 반응온도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였지만, 상업적으로 사용되는 T촉매의 선택도는 반응온도가 증가함에 따라 서서히 증가하였다. 촉매의 초기활성 및 활성감소 측면에서는 T-Ni 및 T-NiMo 촉매의 성능이 T촉매보다 우수하였으며, 몰리브덴의 첨가는 T-Ni 촉매의 안정성을 다소 개선하였다. The catalytic activity and selectivity of metal loaded H-mordenite for transalkylation of $C_9$ aromatics were studied in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor under high pressure. Nickel loaded H-mordenite(T-Ni) catalyst showed high activity and slow decay of activity. Molybdenum and nickel loaded H-mordenite(T-NiMo) catalyst also showed high activity and suppressed coking of hydrocarbons. The selectivity of xylene for T-Ni and T-NiMo catalysts decreased with temperature, but that for T catalyst(commercial grade) monotonically increased with temperature within the experimental range. The performance of T-Ni and T-NiMo catalysts was better than that of T catalyst in terms of initial activity and its decay. The addition of Mo improved slightly stability of T-Ni catalyst.

금속담지 Mordenite 에 의한 C9 Aromatics 전환반응

이학성,김병규,박복수 ( Hak Sung Lee,Byung Kyu Kim,Bok Soo Park ) 한국공업화학회 1990 공업화학 Vol.1 No.2

C_9 aromatics의 transakylation에 대한 금속담지 H-mordenite의 촉매활성 및 선택도에 관한 실험이 고압의 연속흐름 고정층 반응기에서 수행되었다. 니켈담지 H-mordenite(T-Ni) 촉매는 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, 이 활성의 감소속도가 느렸다. 몰리브덴 및 니켈이 담지된 H-mordenite(T-NiMo) 촉매도 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, 탄화수소의 탄화를 억제하였다. T-Ni 및 T-NiMo 촉매의 선택도는 실험범위 내에서 반응온도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였지만, 상업적으로 사용되는 T촉매의 선택도는 반응온도가 증가함에 따라 서서히 증가하였다. 촉매의 초기활성 및 활성감소 측면에서는 T-Ni 및 T-NiMo 촉매의 성능이 T촉매보다 우수하였으며, 몰리브덴의 첨가는 T-Ni 촉매의 안정성을 다소 개선하였다. The catalytic activity and selectivity of metal loaded H-mordenite for transalkylation of C_9 aromatics were studied in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor under high pressure. Nickel loaded H-mordenite(T-Ni) catalyst showed high activity and slow decay of activity. Molybdenum and nickel loaded H-mordenite(T-NiMo) catalyst also showed high activity and suppressed coking of hydrocarbons. The selectivity of xylene for T-Ni and T-NiMo catalysts decreased with temperature, but that for T catalyst(commercial grade) monotonically increased with temperature within the experimental range. The performance of T-Ni and T-NiMo catalysts was better than that of T catalyst in terms of initial activity and its decay. The addition of Mo improved slightly stability of T-Ni catalyst.

취약계층의 지속가능성 증진을 위한 지원주택 계획 연구

이학성(Lee, Hak-Sung),이연숙(Lee, Yeun-Sook) 한국실내디자인학회 2017 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.5

South Korea has been providing public rental housing since 1989. However, since most of the policies are focused on housing supply, public rental housing management and housing welfare have not consider. This caused various problems in the public rental housing. Typical issues include social exclusion, community awareness of negative perception of the community, and rapid aging of buildings caused by lack of supervision. Accordingly, public rental houses are expected to increase national burden because they are less durable. The purpose of this study is to present the direction of the public rental housing that can increase sustainability based on the guidelines of the United States and Japan, which implemented support housing policies ahead of Korea. The research method is a case study, and the research subject is a case of main testbed in Yeongwol of research group. The analysis criteria were selected through a prior study on sustainability and the criteria were divided into four categories. In conclusion, it is believed to present the direction of the development of Korean public rental housing.

뉴욕의 공공지원 임대주택 Via Verde 특성연구

이학성(Lee, Hak-Sung),이연숙(Lee, Yeun-Sook) 한국주거학회 2016 한국주거학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.28 No.2

공공임대주택의 공유공간에 관한 국내 선행연구 경향

이학성(Lee, Hak-Sung),이연숙(Lee, Yeun-Sook) 한국실내디자인학회 2017 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

Rapid urbanization and industrialization have caused rapid industrialization and individualism in Korea. This social atmosphere has cut off exchanges between neighbors. Social interaction between neighbors has caused social problems across various fields. In particular, these social problems have become more prominent among low-income households. The solution began to demand a solution to improve cooperation between the two neighbors and increase social interaction between neighbors. As part of the solution, the importance of shared spaces in multi-family housing also began to grow. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analysis trends of research on the common space of public rental housing for low-income households. In order to identify the trends of domestic prior study, the relevant keywords were searched in the Korean database search engine. Through this, the selected paper was analyzed mainly by the qualitative analysis method, and additionally quantitative analysis was conducted. As a result, there was a lack of prior study regarding public rental housing sharing in the nation. There was also insufficient research on specific planning guidelines for shared spaces. This study is expected to be used as a basis for exploring the research direction of common space in public rental housing.

소형주거공간의 효율적인 공간사용을 위한 특성에 따른 유형화 연구

이학성(Lee, Hak-Sung),이연숙(Lee, Yeun-Sook) 대한건축학회 2016 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.36 No.2

In modern society there has been an increase in the number of nuclear families which led to a demand in the development of smaller residential spaces. However the actual situation reveals that these small residential spaces are often inefficient, therefore there is a rising need to improve the features In these households to improve users quality of life. In this research we identify and classify flexible features of small residential spaces in order to promote efficient use of spaces. The aim of this study is to officiate as a base study for future projects on small residential spaces.

슬라이딩 모드를 이용한 롤투롤 인쇄 시스템을 위한 분산 처리장력 관측에 관한 연구

이학성(Hak-Sung Lee) 大韓電子工學會 2010 電子工學會論文誌-SC (System and control) Vol.47 No.6

본 논문에서는 롤투롤 프린팅 공정을 위한 분산 처리 장력 관측 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 분산 처리 장력 관측기는 최소 차수 관측기 이론을 이용하여 설계된다. 제안된 방법은 인접 공정 영역의 속도와 장력 정보를 바탕으로 해당 공정 영역의 장력을 관측하는 특성을 가지고 있어 분산 제어 구조에 사용이 가능하다. 또한 제안된 방법은 슬라이딩 모드를 채용하여 모델 변동에 대해서도 효과적인 추정 성능을 갖는다. In this paper, distributed tension observer for R2R process is proposed. The minimal order observer theory is utilized to design the distributed tension observer. The proposed method estimates the tension of a specific sub-process based on the speed and tension information from its adjacent sub-processes. Utilizing its properties, the proposed method can be applied to decentralized control structure. In order to achieve high estimation accuracy, sliding mode technique is also adopted to the proposed method.

축소차수 관측기 이론을 이용한 R2R 공정을 위한 분산 장력 관측기

이학성(Hak-Sung Lee) 대한전기학회 2010 정보 및 제어 심포지엄 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

In this paper, distributed tension observer for R2R process is proposed. The reduced-order observer theory is utilized to design two types of distributed tension observer. The tension of a specific sub-process is observed based on the speed feedback from the sub-process and tension information from its adjacent two sub-processes. With the proposed method, the tension of a specific sub-process can be estimated in decentralized control structure.