갑상선 수술중 신경모니터링의 최근 연구

이초록(Cho Rok Lee) 대한신경모니터링학회 2023 Journal of Neuromonitoring & Neurophysiology Vol.3 No.2

Thyroid surgery is associated with a risk of injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN), the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve(EBSLN), and voice changes. Intraoperative neuromonitoring(IONM) has already gained universal reliability to help in nerve identification, safe nerve dissection, and prediction of postoperative vocal cord function. IONM techniques have evolved over the past decade into intermittent IONM(I-IONM) and continuous IONM(C-IONM) modes of application. Research in the field of IONM continues, exploring new techniques and approaches to further enhance the safety and efficacy of thyroid surgery. In this article, the role of IONM and its recent studies will be reviewed.

Rocket salad(Eruca sativa) 중 glucosinolate 동정 및 정량

김초록(Cho-Rok Kim),임영실(Young-Sil Lim),이상원(Sang-Won Lee),김선주(Sun-Ju Kim) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2011 농업과학연구 Vol.38 No.2

Glucosinolate (GSL) contents were investigated (ⅰ) at 1~7 days after sowing (DAS) in seed sprouts and (ⅱ) at 3-7 weeks after sowing for the time-course. Moreover, (ⅲ) They were compared with five different cultivars of rocket salad (Eruca sativa). Seventeen GSLs were separated by HPLC analysis, and 10 GSLs among them were identified as glucoraphanin, sinigrin, glucoalyssin, diglucothiobeinin, glucobrassicanapin, glucoerucin, glucobrassicin, dimeric, 4-mercaptobutyl GSL, 4-methoxy glucobrassicin, gluconasturttin by using LC-APCI-MS analysis, but 7 compounds were not identified. (ⅰ) The total GSL content in seed sprouts initially increased up to 3 DAS and then decreased according to their seedling growth. In particular, glucoraphanin known as a strong anti-cancer reagent was found the highest level (5.05 μ㏖/g dry wt.) at 3 DAS. The most abundant GSL was glucoerucin ranged from 26.0~49.6 μ㏖/g dry wt. (ⅱ) In the time-course, the total GSL contents increased dramatically from 3-week (5.91 μ㏖/g dry wt.) to 7-week after sowing (32.2 μ㏖/g dry wt.). The major GSLs were glucoraphanin, glucoerucin and 4-methoxy glucobrassicin. (ⅲ) By comparing GSL contents with five different cultivars, the total GSL contents increased from 4-week to 6-week after sowing, regardless of cultivar. In 4-week-old, the order with the total GSL content was “Rucola” > “Rocket Herbs” “Odyssey” > “Takii” > “Herb”, but in 6-week-old it is changed as “Takii” > “Herb” > “Odyssey” > “Rucola” > “Rocket Herbs” even there was almost no significantly difference between them.

후복막 접근법을 통한 복강경 부신절제술의 초기 경험

김태형,이초록,박슬기,박재현,정준수,강상욱,정종주,남기현,정웅윤,박정수,Tae Hyung Kim,M.D.,Cho Rok Lee,M.D.,Seulkee Park,M.D.,Jae Hyun Park,M.D.,Jun Soo Jeong,M.D.,Sang-Wook Kang,M.D.,Jong Ju Jeong,M.D.,Kee- Hyun Nam,M.D.,Woong Youn 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2011 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.11 No.4

Purpose: Posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy (PRA) for small adrenal tumors has recently been in the spotlight due to its several benefits. Compelling advantages for endoscopic surgeons include direct, safe, and fast approach to the adrenal gland without trespass to the intraperitoneal organ. This study reports our initial experiences of PRA for the management of adrenal tumors. Methods: From December 2009 to August 2011, 63 patients underwent PRA for the management of adrenal tumor. Among these patients, laparoscopic adrenalectomy and robotic adrenalectomy were performed in 54 and nine patients, respectively. We retrospectively reviewed records of all surgical outcomes. Results: Of the 54 patients, 22 were male and 32 were female, and mean age was 51.7±14.0 years. Mean body mass index was 24.6±3.6 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP> and mean dimension of the tumors was 2.66±1.36 cm. Six patients were diagnosed with Cushing's disease, 22 patients with primary aldosteronism, seven patients with pheochromocytoma, one patient with metastatic adrenal gland cancer, and 18 patients with nonfunctioning adrenal tumors. Mean operative time was 88.5±27.1 min, mean blood loss was 17.4±37.4 ml, and mean duration to first oral intake was 0.83±0.4 days. Mean number of postoperative analgesics used was 2.28±2.54, and mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.85±1.43 days. There was no open conversion during the operation and no post-operative complication. Conclusion: PRA is a safe and fast procedure. In experienced hands, PRA represents one of the ideal approaching methods in the adrenal gland surgery. (Korean J Endocrine Surg 2011;11:287-291)

국내 연안에서 분리한 Vibrio vulnificus의 특성

박근태,박민정,정초록,송춘복,이제희,여인규,전유진,허문수,Park Geun-Tae,Park Min Jung,Jung Cho-Rok,Song Choon-Bok,Lee Jehee,Yeo In-Kyu,Jeon You Jin,Heo Moon-Soo 한국생명과학회 2004 생명과학회지 Vol.14 No.6

2002년 5월에서 7월사이 한국 근해로부터 총 가검물 50례 중에서 V. vulnificus은 5균주가 분리되었고, API 20E kit의동정률이 $89.4\~93.7\%$로 나타났다. V. vulnificus 16S rDNA를 증폭하여 얻은 산물을 cloning하여 염기서열을 결정하고 분석한 결과 V. vulnificus로 확인되었다. 동정된 분리균주들의 cell lysates을 SDS-PAGE로 분석하였고 표준균주로 사용된 V. vulnificus ATCC 27562와 분리 균주들을 비교해 본 결과 단백밴드pattern이 많은 차이를 보였으나 외막단백질은 V. vulnificus간에는 공통의 밴드가 확인되었으나 V. parahaemolyticus 와는 차이를 보였다. Five strains of Vibrio vulnificus, which cause serious septicemia in human worldwidely, was isolated from marine environments of Korea costal area from May to July of 2002. The isolated strains were identified by API 20E kit and partial 16S rDNA sequence analysis. 16S rDNA sequence of the isolates showed $99\%$ similarity with V. vulnificus ATCC 27562. The proteins of V. vulnificus isolates were examined by analyzing patterns of the cell lysates and outer membrane proteins (OMP). The OMP separated from cell lysates showed the common protein band. Therefore OMP profiles might be useful for the identification of V. vulnificus sp.

초저위 직장암의 괄약근간 절제술 및 대장항문 문합술

김진수(Jin Soo Kim),이초록(Cho Rok Lee),김남규(Nam Kyu Kim),허혁(Hyuk Hur),민병소(Byung Soh Min),안중배(Joong Bae Ahn),금기창(Ki Chang Keum) 대한외과학회 2009 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.76 No.1

Purpose: Ultralow anterior resection and coloanal anastomosis (hand-sewn) has commonly been used for preserving the anal sphincter in patients with low-lying distal rectal cancer. Preoperative chemoradiation therapy is a contributing factor to preserve the anal sphincter. Intersphincteric resection has been introduced and has begun to be applied to distal rectal cancer for anal sphincter preservation. The aim of this study was to report on patients who underwent intersphincteric resection and coloanal anastomosis for very low-lying rectal cancer. Methods: Intersphincteric resection was performed in 21 patients with very low-lying rectal cancer (within 4 cm from the anal verge) between December 2004 and May 2008. All patients received colonic J pouch anal anastomosis and loop ileostomy. The patients were selected prospectively and followed up for the function of bowel movement and recurrence. Results: Mean tumor distance from anal verge was 2.8 cm (range 2∼4 cm). No postoperative mortality was encountered. One patient developed ischemic colitis of colonic J-pouch after high doses of tomotherapy. Subsequently he received abdominoperineal resection and permanent colostomy. One patient underwent diverting colostomy for severe incontinence after ileostomy takedown. The other cases reported good anorectal function such as frequency of bowel movement and fecal incontinence. There were two local recurrences during a mean follow-up period of 11.6 months. Conclusion: Based on a single surgeon’s experiences, postoperative morbidity and anorectal function after intersphincteric resection with coloanal anastomosis seems acceptable.

갑상선 유두암 환자의 전절제술 후 부갑상선 기능 저하증의 위험 인자

성지영(Ji Young Seong),이초록(Cho Rok Lee),김민지(Min Jhi Kim),김태형(Tae Hyung Kim),이슬기(Seul Gi Lee),최정범(Jung Bum Choi),반은정(Eun Jeong Ban),강상욱(Sang Wook Kang),이잔디(Jan Dee Lee),정종주(Jong Ju Jeong),남기현(Kee Hyun Nam 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2016 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.16 No.3

Purpose: Postoperative hypocalcemia is a common complication of thyroidectomy. This study evaluated the incidence and predisposing risk factors for postoperative permanent hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy. Methods: There were 1,247 consecutive patients undergoing total thyroidectomy and complete treatment and observation for differentiated thyroid cancer between January 2012 to December 2012 who were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups, those remaining normalcalcemic (Group I-824 pts) and those who had hypocalcemia requiring treatment (Groups II-423 pts). Group II was subdivided into a transient hypocalcemic group (Group IIA-409 pts) and a permanent hypocalcemic group (Group IIB-14 pts). Results: Female gender, thyroiditis, preserved parathyroid number, lateral lymph node metastasis, RAI treatment, preoperative parathyroid hormone and preoperative vitamin D were significantly associated with the development of postoperative hypocalcemia by multivariate analysis. Comparing patients with transient versus permanent hypocalcemia, tumor size and multiplicity were significantly related to the development of permanent hypocalcemia by multivariate analysis. RAI treatment and parathyroid hormone level on the postoperative third day were significantly related to recovery from transient hypocalcemia to normo-calcemia. Conclusion: Risk factors of postoperative hypocalcemia were associated with preoperative patient factors and advanced thyroid cancer. Advanced thyroid cancer was a risk factor for permanent hypocalcemia. To prevent postoperative hypocalcemia, we should focus on patient condition and need to preserve parathyroid gland more carefully in thyroid surgery.

PLGA/헤스페리딘 함량별 필름에서 염증 완화 효과

송정은(Jeong Eun Song),심초록(Cho Rok Shim),이유정(Yu Jung Lee),고현아(Hyun Ah Ko),윤현(Hyeon Yoon),이동원(Dong Won Lee),강길선(Gil Son Khang) 한국고분자학회 2013 폴리머 Vol.37 No.3

헤스페리딘은 혈관 순환계 보호 효과, 항암 효과, 항산화 효과, 항염증 효과 등의 작용이 있다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 헤스페리딘을 함유한 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) 필름을 조직공학적 세포담체로 이용하고 생체 내/외의 실험을 통하여 헤스페리딘과 염증 반응의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 세포담체에서의 세포의 증식 과 부착을 확인하고자 PLGA/헤스페리딘 필름에 세포(RAW 264.7, NIH/3T3)를 파종하여 1, 3일 후에 MTT와 SEM 을 통하여 분석하였다. 또한 항산화 효과와 염증 완화 효과를 알아보고자 ELISA, RT-PCR, FACS 등을 평가한 결 과 PLGA 필름보다는 헤스페리딘이 첨가된 PLGA 필름에서 염증 반응이 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. In vivo 실험 에서도 헤스페리딘이 PLGA에 의해 유도된 염증세포와 섬유피막 축적을 감소시켜 헤스페리딘의 항염증 효과를 볼 수 있었다. 이 실험 결과 PLGA 필름보다는 PLGA/헤스페리딘 필름에서 염증 반응이 감소함을 확인하였다. Hesperidin (Hes) has known to having some functions like protection of blood circulatory system, anti-tumor effect, antioxidant effect and anti-inflammatory effect. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the relationship between Hes and inflammatory through in vitro and in vivo studies using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) film including Hes as a tissue engineered scaffold. To confirm the proliferation of cells on fabricated scaffold, cells (RAW 264.7 and NIH/ 3T3) were seeded on PLGA/Hes film then analyzed with MTT and SEM at 1 and 3 days after seeding. The results from ELISA, RT-PCR, and FACS for anti-oxident and anti-inflammatory effect showed that inflammatory response of PLGA/ Hes film decreased more than that of PLGA film. Also, in vivo result confirmed that inflammatory response by implanted PLGA/Hes film decreased more comparing with PLGA film. This is because of anti-inflammatory effect of Hes reducing induced inflammatory cell and accumulation of fibrous capsule. The results showed that PLGA/Hes film`s capacity on reducing inflammatory is better than PLGA film because of Hes.

소아 청소년기 건선에 대한 임상적 연구

김현제 ( Hyun Je Kim ),김초록 ( Cho Rok Kim ),박지혜 ( Ji Hye Park ),이동윤 ( Dong Youn Lee ),이주흥 ( Joo Heung Lee ),양준모 ( Jun Mo Yang ),이일수 ( Eil Soo Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2011 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.49 No.10

Background: Few clinical studies are available on childhood and adolescent psoriasis in Korea. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze clinical features of childhood and adolescent psoriasis in a referral center in Korea. Methods: We performed retrospective medical record-based analyses for 255 psoriasis patients younger than 16 years of age at the time of diagnosis at our center from March 2001 to July 2010. Age, sex, onset age, familial history, site of involvement, type of psoriasis, nail involvement, initial PASI score, and treatment modality were analyzed. Results: There was no sexual predominance; mean age of onset was 8.85 years; 17.25% of patients had a familial history. Upper extremities, lower extremities, trunk, scalp and face were the most commonly involved sites in sequence. Guttate psoriasis (58.90%) was the most common type of psoriasis. Nail involvement was observed in 11.11% of patients. The mean initial PASI score at the time of diagnosis was 7.9. The most common treatment was topical steroids and topical vitamin D in combination. Conclusion: Childhood and adolescent psoriasis is not an uncommon disease. A larger scale epidemiological study is needed. (Korean J Dermatol 2011;49(10):877∼881)

흡착 모터를 이용한 허리케인 벽 청소 로봇

이선미(Seon Mi Lee),박진영(Jin Yeong Park),배상화(Sang Hwa Bae),허초록(Cho Rok Heo),이희승(Hee Seung Lee),이용환(Yong Hwan Lee) 한국정보기술학회 2015 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2015 No.6

PLGA 다공성 지지체에 함침시킨 DBP젤의 연골재생 효과

강길선(Sil Son Khang),이윤미(Yun Mi Lee),심초록(Cho Rok Shim),이유정(Yu Jung Lee),김하늘(Ha Neul Kim),조선아(Sun A Jo),송정은(Jeong Eun Song),이동원(Dong Won Lee) 한국고분자학회 2012 폴리머 Vol.36 No.6

생체적합성 및 생분해성의 장점을 지닌 PLGA는 우수한 기계적 성질과 분해속도를 조절할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있지만 소수성으로 인해 세포의 초기부착률이 낮고, 지지체 내부에 영양액의 공급이 원활하지 않다. 본 연구 에서는 이러한 단점을 보완하고자 탈미네랄화된 골분(DBP, demineralized bone particle) 젤을 PLGA 지지체에 함침 시켰다. 다양한 형태의 지지체 압축강도를 측정한 결과 PLGA/DBP 지지체가 연골과 비슷한 강도를 가지고 있었으 며, 이를 바탕으로 DBP젤을 함침시킨 PLGA/DBP젤 지지체를 제작하였다. 연골세포를 파종하여 in vivo 실험을 진 행하였고 조직화 정도를 확인하기 위해 H&E, Safranin-O, Alcian blue, Collagen type I 및 Collagen type II 염색을 실시하였다. 그 결과 DBP를 함침시킨 PLGA 지지체에서 GAG, Collagen type I 및 Collagen type II의 높은 발현과 조직화를 보여 연골조직으로 대체할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been most widely used due to its advantages such as good biodegradability, controllable rate of degradation and metabolizable degradation products. We manufactured composite scaffolds of PLGA scaffold penetrated DBP gel (PLGA/DBP gel) by a simple method, solvent casting/salt leaching prep of PLGA scaffolds and subsequent soaking in DBP gel. Chondrocytes were seeded on the PLGA/DBP gel. The mechanical strength of scaffold, histology (H&E, Safranin-O, Alcian-blue) and immunohistochemistry (collagen type I, collagen type II) were performed to elucidate in vitro and in vivo cartilage-specific extracellular matrices. It was better to keep the characteristic of chondrocytes in the PLGA/DBP gel scaffolds than that PLGA scaffolds. This study suggests that PLGA/DBP gel scaffold may serve as a potential cell delivery vehicle and a structural basis for in vivo tissue engineered cartilage.