계격산(啓膈散)의 항암(抗癌) 및 면역반응(免疫反應)에 관(關)한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究)

이지향,류봉하,박동원,류기원,Lee, Ji-Hyang,Ryu, Bong-Ha,Park, Dong-Won,Ryu, Gi-Won 대한암한의학회 1997 大韓癌韓醫學會誌 Vol.3 No.1

In order to investigate the effects of Kyegyoksan on antitumor effects after Sarcoma 180 cells transplantation into the peritoneal cavity or left groin in mice, and immune depression in mice induced by methotrexate, the extracts of its herbal medicines were orally administered for 14 or 21 days. Experimental studies were performed for measureance of $IC_{50}$ in MTT assay, mean survival days, tumor and body weights for antitumor effects, delayed type hypersensitivity, hemagglutinine titer, hemolysin titer, rosette forming cells, interleukin-2 productivity, lymphocyte transformation, natural killer cell activity and phagocytic activity for immune responses in the immune depressed ICR mice, and SGOT, SGPT, BUN and creatinine for liver and kidney protective function in SO-rats. The results were obtained as follows: 1. From the results of MTT assay, the Kyegyoksan exstracts for SUN-1 and SUN-C4 were inhibited cell viability. 2. Mean survival time in Kyegyoksan-treated group was slightly increased with no effectiveness, as compared with the control group. 3. Tumor weight in Kyegyoksan-treated group was depressed with the statistical significance, as compared with the control group(p<0.01). 4. Body weight in Kyegyoksan-treated group was incresed with the statistical significance, as compared with the control group(p<0.05). 5. Delayed type hypersensitivity in Kyegyoksan-treated group was slightly incresed with no effctiveness, as compared with the control group. 6. Hemagglutinin titer in Kyegyoksan-treated group was incresed with the statistical significance(p<0.05), but hemolysin titer was slightly incresed with no effectiveness, as compared with the control group. 7. Rosette forming cells in Kyegyoksan-treated group was incresed with the statistical significance, as compared with the control group(p<0.001). 8. Interleukin-2 productivity in Kyegyoksan-treated group was incresed with the statistical significance, as compared with the control group(p<0.001). 9. Lymphocyte transfomation in Kyegyoksan-treated group was incresed with the statistical significance, as compared with the control group(p<0.01). 10. Natural killer cell activity in Kyegyoksan-treated group at E/T ratio 100 : 1 was incresed with the statistical significance(p<0.01), but at E/T ratio 50 : 1 and 10 : 1 was slightly incresed with no effectiveness, as compared with the control group. 11. Phagocytic activity in Kyegyoksan-treated group was slightly incresed with no effectiveness, as compared with the control group. 12. The levels of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine in Kyegyoksan-treated group were not effective change, as compared with the control group. According to the above results, it could be suggested that Kyegyoksan have prominent antitumor effects, enhance both cellular and humoral immunity, and have no injury to liver and kidney functions.

생쥐 1-세포기 수정란의 동결방법에 있어서 초자화동결과 완만동결의 비교

이지향,한혁동,구혜영,Lee, Ji-Hyang,Han, Hyuck-Dong,Koo, Hye-Young 대한생식의학회 2001 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.28 No.3

Objective : This study was conducted to examine the effect of vitrification on the survival and in vitro development of mice 1-cell zygotes. Method: Effects of exposure to vitrification solution and vitrification, with different concentrations of the cryoprotectant solution, were examined. The 1-cell zygotes were also subjected to a slow freezing-thawing method to compare with vitrification method. Solution composed of ethylene glycol (6.0 M, 5.0 M, 4.0 M) and sucrose (1.0 M) were used as cryopropectant. The experiments employed the method loading the embryos on electron microscope grids. Results: I. The effects of exposure in vitrification solution. 1-cell zygotes were non-toxic at all concentrations of the vitrification solution showing the survival rate between 88.1% and 97.5%. Development into 2-cell was more successful in the higher concentrations of the vitrification solution. Therefore, higher concentrations of the vitirification solution do not seem to cause any problems in vitrification procedure. II. The effects of vitrification method. 1-cell zygotes showed the survival rate between 78.8% and 92.4%. The lowest and the highest survival rate was observed in the 6.0 M and 4.0 M vitrification solution, respectively. 2-cell development rates varied from 77.6% to 91.3%. Blastocyst development rate was shown highest in 5.0 M and the lowest in 4.0 M solution. Therefore, the highest 2-cell and blastocyst development rate was observed in 5.0 M solution. III. Comparison of vitrification and slow freezing-thawing method on 1-cell zygotes. This experiment showed that 1-cell zygotes had the highest survival and development rates in 5.0 M vitrification solution. Vitrified group of 1-cell zygotes, in the 5.0 M vitrification solution, were compared with the group processed in slow freezing-thawing method. The development rate into 2-cell and blastocyst as well as the survival rate were higher in the vitrified group than in the slowly freezed group. Conclusion: 1. The results demonstrate that the best cryoprotectant is a 5.0 M vitrification solution for 1-cell zygotes. 2. Vitrification method significantly increases the survival rate of the 1-cell zygote and its development into 2-cell and blastocyst. Equilibration and exposure time during the vitrification was remarkerbly short in this experiment. Total time, from the exposure to vitirification solution to storage in the liquid nitrogen, was taken only 90 seconds. In contrast, the slow freezing-thawing method have taken more than four hours. Taken together, we presume that the overall time used for the procedure contributes to the results as an important parameter. 3. The loading of 1-cell zygotes on the EM grid is technically more simple and takes less time than the straw or cryo vial method.

원효의 『금강삼매경』 연구에 나타난 ‘깨침’과 ‘닦음’

이지향 ( Lee Ji-hyang ) 동국대학교 세계불교학연구소 2018 불교 철학 Vol.2 No.-

『金剛三昧經』에 대승적 깨침을 의미하는 다양한 용어들 중 일각(一覺)은 ‘일미(一味)’나 ‘일심(一心)’, ‘본각(本覺)’, ‘여래장(如來藏)’ 등을 포괄하는 대승적 깨침을 단적으로 드러내는 표현으로 보인다. 또한 ‘일미(一味)’는 ‘일각의 맛’이므로 ‘일각(一覺)’의 비유적 표현이라 볼 수 있고, 일심은 일체법을 대하는 시각, 또는 세계관을 의미하는 것으로서, 세간법과 출세간법을 구분하는 소승적 시각과의 차별을 강조하기 위해 사용된 표현이다. 이러한 일심의 의미를 대승적 깨달음의 세계로서 공간화한 표현이 여래장(如來藏)이다. 그러나 진리의 세계는 본래 시공간을 떠난 것이므로 ‘본각(本覺)’과 ‘결정성(決定性)’의 표현을 통해 중생의 마음이 본래 깨달은 ‘본각’이며 그러한 깨달음은 스스로 그러한 ‘결정성(決定性)’을 지닌다는 논지로 그러한 오해로부터 벗어나게 한다. 그러므로 대승적 깨침인 ‘일각’은 일체법을 대하는 모든 차별적 인식으로부터의 전환을 중시하는 표현이다. 원효는 경의 종지를 ‘일미관행(一味觀行)’이라 보면서 ‘관행(觀行)’을 나누어 ‘횡’과 ‘종’이라는 시공간의 개념을 사용해 시공간성을 전제로 인식하는 중생의 사고 수준에 맞춰 대승 수행의 의미를 풀어주고 있다. 그러나 결국 ‘관행’을 ‘일미’로 종합하면서 수행자로 하여금 그러한 인식의 틀을 벗어나도록 유도한다. 이러한 인식의 전환은 무상관(無相觀)과 무생행(無生行)의 수행을 통해 가능하다. ‘상(相)이 환화(幻化)임을 깨치고 공성(空性)에 대한 마음마저 버리기‘의 과정으로 진행되는 무상관(無相觀)은 환화가 계속 일어난다는 점에서 한계가 있으므로 수행의 완성을 위해서는 본래 생멸이 없음을 증득하는 무생행의 과정으로 넘어가야 한다. 이러한 수행을 통해 정관(正觀)에 진입하면 삼행(三行)이 이루어진다. 원효는 깨달음의 세계는 일미평등하고 여여한 행[隨如取行]이 이루어지지만 일에 따라[隨事取行], 또는 식에 따라 행함[隨識取行]이 일어나기 때문에 공(空)에 빠지지 않는다고 말함으로써 대승법에서 ‘깨침’의 의미는 중생과 똑같은 행위를 하지만 일미평등하고 여여한 행으로 살아가는 것임을 드러낸다. 이것이 바로 육도행(보시, 지계, 인욕, 정진, 선정, 지혜)이고 수여취행(隨如取行)이다. 또한 초지(初地) 이전에 대승행은 어떤 것이어야 하는지는 삼대사(三大事)를 통해 보여준다. 삼대사는 정(定), 혜(慧), 대비(大悲)이다. 결국 무상관(無相觀)과 무생행(無生行)으로 진행되는 정(定)과 혜(慧)의 수행은 대비(大悲)를 바탕으로 행해져야만 주객의 분별을 떠나게 하고 일체법이 일심이며 본각이라는 ‘일각(一覺)’을 깨우칠 수 있게 하는 것이다. Of the various terms that mean enlightenment in Kumkangsammae- Sutra[金剛三昧經], ‘the one realization[一覺]’ is an expression that encompasses ‘One Character[一味, Oneness]’, ‘One mind[一心]’, ‘the emptiness of Intrinsic Enlightenment[本覺]’, and ‘tathagatagarbha[如來藏]’. Also, since ‘One Character[一味, Oneness]’ is ‘the taste of the one realization’, it can be regarded as a figurative expression of ‘the one realization’. One mind[一心] stands for the viewpoint of the world and reveals discrimination from the viewpoint of Hinayana Buddhism. ‘tathagatagarbha[如來藏]’ is the expression of space one mind[一心] as the world of enlightenment of Mahayana Buddhism. However, since the world of truth has left the time and space originally, it is the ‘the emptiness of Intrinsic Enlightenment[本覺]’ that the heart of regeneration originally realized through the expressions of ‘the emptiness of Intrinsic Enlightenment[本覺]’ and “The property to be determined[決定性]’’, and such enlightenment itself has such ‘The property to be determined[決定 性]’. Therefore, ‘the one realization’, the enlightenment of Mahayana Buddhism, emphasizes the departure from all differentiating thoughts of the world. Wonhyo[元曉] sees the core of sutra as ‘the Visualization Practice of One Character[一味觀行]’. In addition, it is divided into ‘Visualization’ and ‘Practice’ in the sense of time and space. It reveals the characteristic of the performance of the Mahayana Buddhism considering the regeneration that thinks according to time and space. In the end, however, the Visualization Practice is synthesized into one realization[一覺], and it is deviated from such a thought. This conversion of recognition is possible through the execution of Visualization of Form-less[無相觀]. When I enter ‘the right Visualization[正觀]’ through this performance, ‘Three Behavior[三行]’ is made. Through ‘the Suchness of Reality[隨如取行]’, Wonhyo reveals that enlightenment is the same as the regeneration but living in ‘equal and one character-ness[一味平等]’. Also, before realizing, it shows ‘the three important things[三大事]’ about the performance of the Mahayana Buddhism. ‘The three important things[三大事]’ are samadhi[定], wisdom[慧], and mercy[悲].

경부 경막외 차단을 이용한 연속성 딸꾹질의 치험 3예

이지향(Ji Hyang Lee),김종일(Jeng Il Kim),민병우(By 대한통증학회 1997 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.10 No.2

Persistent hiccup is defined as duration lasting longer than 48 hours. Reflex arc of hiccup is divided into three parts: afferent, central, efferent. Afferent portion of the neural pathway of hiccup formation is composed of vagus nerve, phrenic nerve, and sympathetic chain arising from T6 to T12. Efferent limb is phrenic nerve. Hiccup center is located in brain stem, midbrain, reticular system and hypothalamus. Persistent hiccup is very difficult to treat by conventional methods. We performed cervical epidural block of the phrenic nerve root for three patients suffering from persistent hiccup. The therapeutic effect was perfect. The mechanism of the cervical epidural block is not yet defined however it is thought to block the efferent nerve fibers and suppress the reflex arc of hiccup. We conclude cervical epidural block is relatively safe and very effective for treating persistent hiccup.

안전약자 상층 대피 지원에 관한 실험적 연구

이지향 ( Ji Hyang Lee ),이효정 ( Hyo Jeong Lee ),권진석 ( Jin Suk Kwon ),박상현 ( Sang Hyun Park ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2019 한국안전학회지 Vol.34 No.1

This study is aiming to compare stair ascent transportation speed and physical burden of evacuation supporters according to the types of stair ascent transportation for vulnerable people experimentally. In this study, we measured heart rate of the supporters to indicate physical burden during the transportation. The subjects of this experiment were male students, age of 20-26. Experimental conditions were the ways of stair transportation and the weight of vulnerable people. The types of stair transportation were giving a piggyback ride and carrying a wheelchair. Each experimental trial was video-recorded for measurement of ascent speed and observing supporters movement. As a result of the experiment, as for the ascent transportation speed by piggyback ride from the first floor to the fourth floor, the average speed of the light case is 31 seconds and for the heavy case is 43 seconds. When it comes to the average speed of wheelchair transportation’s average speed the light case is 1 minute and 11 seconds and the heavy case is 1 minute and 49 seconds. Therefore, it was indicated that when the weight of a vulnerable people is lighter, the transportation speed is faster. The heart rates of evacuation supporters are different depending on transportation methods or individual’s condition but as repetitive transportation increases, they tend to reach the maximum heart rates.

전신적 코티코스테로이드 투여 후 발생한 즉시형 과민반응 1예

이지향 ( Ji-hyang Lee ),오혜선 ( Hye-seon Oh ),권병수 ( Byoung Soo Kwon ),박형준 ( Hyngjun Park ),박소영 ( Soyoung Park ),김정현 ( Jung-hyun Kim ),김효정 ( Hyo-jung Kim ),권혁수 ( Hyouk-soo Kwon ),조유숙 ( You Sook Cho ),문희범 ( 대한천식알레르기학회(구 대한알레르기학회) 2016 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.4 No.5

Immediate-type hypersensitivity responses to systemic corticosteroids are rare despite their widespread use. It is still controversial whether the responses rarely occur or are underdiagnosed in clinical settings. Many cases probably remain underdiagnosed because the symptoms often mimic symptoms of underlying diseases. This case report describes a 73-year-old man who had immediate hypersensitivity reactions after intravenous administration of hydrocortisone, which was primarily intended to prevent hypersensitivity reactions to contrast media. Whole body rash with pruritus developed shortly after the steroid injection. Since the patient already experienced rash and itching sense after contrast media and antihistamine injection, we conducted skin testing to figure out which drug triggered the hypersensitivity reactions. Intradermal skin tests revealed a positive response to hydrocortisone sodium succinate, which suggested his hypersensitivity reactions were developed by hydrocortisone. Being a common therapy for allergic reaction, corticosteroids themselves are rarely suspected of causing hypersensitivity reactions. Considering there is no typical symptom or standard diagnostic test, awareness of corticosteroid hypersensitivity reactions is of importance to make the diagnosis. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2016:4:378-381)

교육현장용 지진재난 대응 매뉴얼 비교·분석 -한·일 양국을 중심으로-

이지향(Lee, Ji Hyang),권진석(Kwon, Jin Suk),손명찬(Son, Myung Chan),이영욱(Lee, Young Uk),박상현(Park, Sang Hyun) 한국방재학회 2017 한국방재학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.-

생생한 소식을 전달하기 위한 실시간 인터넷 방송 연구

이지향(Ji-Hyang Lee),주인선(In-Sun Joo),홍두리(Doo-ri Hong),윤용익(Yong-Ik Yoon) 한국정보과학회 2013 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.6

스마트폰 기반 HMD 환경에서 VR 콘텐츠의 유형이 저연령 학습자의 사용자 경험에 미치는 영향

이지향(Ji-Hyang Lee),서민휘(Min-Hwi Seo),계보경(Bo-Kyung Kye),소효정(Hyo-Jeong So) 한국HCI학회 2017 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.2

가상현실(VR) 기술의 발전과 더불어 스마트폰 기반 HMD 를 활용한 가상현실 콘텐츠가 조만간 교육현장에 도입 및 확산될 것으로 예상되고 있으나, 효과적인 교육용 VR 콘텐츠 유형의 본질 및 이에 따른 사용자 경험에 대한 연구는 부족한 것이 현실이다. 따라서 본 연구는 VR 콘텐츠 유형이 저연령(만 12 세미만) 학습자의 사용자 경험에 미치는 영향을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 초등학교 사회과 ‘이웃나라’ 단원의 수업을 위해 시각적 구현방식이 다른 사진 기반 VR 콘텐츠와 동영상 기반 VR콘텐츠를 활용하여, 두 가지 다른 콘텐츠 유형이 저연령 사용자의 가상현실 기반 학습 경험에 미치는 영향을 탐색하였다. 초등학생 45 명을 대상으로 실험을 실시하였으며, 연구결과 사진 기반 VR콘텐츠의 용이성 및 만족도가 동영상 기반 VR 콘텐츠보다 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 교육용으로 제작되는 VR 콘텐츠의 경우 몰입감 증진을 위한 시각적 구현 방식과 학습자 경험간에 상충(trade-off) 관계가 있을 수 있음을 제시한다.

초고층 건물의 화재성능향상에 관한 기초적 연구

이지향(Lee, Ji-Hyang),백민호(Back, Min-Ho) 한국화재소방학회 2008 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.춘계

This research examined for the fire safety performance improvement though which the construction of skyscrapers, disaster occurring and fire type in the skyscrapers.