AI World Cup 환경을 이용한 멀티 에이전트 기반 지능형 가상 축구 에이전트 구현

이은후 ( Eunhoo Lee ),성현아 ( Hyeon-ah Seong ),정민지 ( Minji Jung ),이혜인 ( Hye-in Lee ),정진우 ( Jinoo Joung ),이의철 ( Eui Chul Lee ),이지항 ( Jee Hang Lee ) 한국정보처리학회 2021 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.28 No.2

AI World Cup 환경은 다수 가상 에이전트들이 팀을 이뤄서 서로 상호작용하며 대전이 가능한 가상 축구 환경이다. 본 논문에서는 AI World Cup 환경에서 멀티 에이전트기반 학습/추론 기술을 사용하여 다양한 전략과 전술을 구사하는 가상 축구 에이전트 구현과 시뮬레이션 결과를 소개한다. 먼저, 역할을 바탕으로 협동하여 상대방과 대전할 수 있는 논리 기반 추론형 멀티 에이전트 기술이 적용된 Dynamic planning 축구 에이전트 9 세트를 구현하였다. 이후, 강화학습 에이전트 기반, 단일 에이전트를 조합한 Independent QLearning 방식의 학습형 축구 에이전트를 구현한 후, 이를 멀티 에이전트 강화학습으로 확장하여 역할 기반 전략 학습이 가능한 가상 축구 에이전트를 구현하고 시뮬레이션 하였다. 구현된 가상 축구 에이전트들 간 대전을 통해 승률을 확인하고, 전략의 우수성을 분석하였다. 시뮬레이션 예제는 다음에서 확인할 수 있다(https://github.com/I-hate-Soccer/Simulation).

FUFU 와 함께 운동을

이원욱(Won Ouk Lee),이연주(Yeon Joo Lee),임동현(Dong Hyun Lim),최성호(Sung Ho Choi),이채원(Chae Won Lee),김현주(Hyun Ju Kim),원종서(Jong Seo Won),김현동(Hyun Dong Kim),국중진(Joong Jin Kook),이지항(Jee hang Lee),김진우(Jin Woo Kim) 한국HCI학회 2018 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.1

다양한 형태의 소셜 로봇들이 출시 되고 있다. 하지만 운동을 보조하는 로봇은 아직 비용적 문제와 여러 한계점으로 출시가 되지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 실제 사용자들이 쉽게 사용할 수 있는 운동 로봇FUFU 를 시뮬레이터 단계부터 실제 로봇까지 개발하였다. 운동 맥락에 있어 집에서도 쌍방향 소통을 하여 실제 운동 성과를 얻게끔 개발하였다.

농구 선수들의 성취목표성향과 자기관리 전략이 집단 응집력에 미치는 영향

이지항(Lee, Ji-Hang) 한국사회체육학회 2015 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.60

The purpose of this study was to identify the causal relationships among goal orientation, self management strategy, and team cohesion of professsional basketball players. One hundred ninty seven professional basketball players (111 male, 86 female) participated in this study, and frequency analysis, t-test, correlation analysis, and stepwise regression analysis were performed. The results showed that, first, the task orientation, training management, physical conditioning, personal routine management of male players was higher than that of female players. Players over 26 years old showed greater level of training management. Secondly, task goal orientation positively affected self management strategy while ego goal orientation affected negatively. Third, task goal orientation positively affected mental readiness, training management, daily living management, physical conditioning of self management strategy, but ego goal orientation negatively affected mental readiness. Finally, mental readiness of self management positively affected all sub factors of team cohesion, and training management positively affected individual-task cohesion, group-socio cohesion. Also daily living management positively affected all sub factors of team cohesion but group-socio cohesion. personal routine management negatively affected group-task cohesion. behavioral control affected attachment and tolerance only.

인공지능 시대, 문화예술 분야로의 확장

이지항 ( Jeehang Lee ) 상명대학교 글로벌문화예술교육연구소 2021 문화예술융합연구 Vol.2 No.2

최근 심층신경망 기반 딥러닝의 우수한 성능을 바탕으로 인공지능 분야는 큰 발전을 이루고 있다. 인공지능 기술은 게임, 번역, 자율 주행, 로봇, 인터넷 서비스 등 다양한 응용 분야로 급속하게 확장되면서 다양한 지능형 어플리케이션의 형태로 일상에서 우리와 밀접하게 상호작용하고 있다. 인공지능의 발전은 문화예술 분야로도 융합되고 있는 추세인데, 인간 고유의 영역이라 여겨졌던 글쓰기, 작곡, 회화 및 안무제작에 이르기까지 인공지능 기술이 적용되어 흥미로운 결과물들을 보여주고 있다. 이 논문에서는 현대인공지능, 특히 심층신경망 기반 딥러닝 기술이 문화예술 데이터를 학습하는 기반기술을 살펴보고, 시각지능, 언어 지능 기반의 인공지능 생성모델들이 미술, 음악 및 안무 디자인 관련 문화예술 콘텐츠를 생성하는 사례를 소개하고자 한다. 이를 통해 인공지능과 문화예술 융합 연구에 있어 인공지능이 가진 가능성과 한계를 확인하고, 인공지능을 만난 문화예술 분야에서 고려할 이슈들을 논의하고자 한다. The super human performance of deep learning gives rise to the drastic advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI). People in modern society are in turn likely to enjoy the latest AI-driven applications such as autonomous vehicles, neural translations, AI chat-bot and so on. The domain of art and culture research is also one of the active areas to which AI has paid much attention. In particular, AI has been highly contributed to exhibiting the interesting outcomes of generation on the artistic and cultural contents with respect to writing, painting, composing and dancing by themselves which are known to be the unique capacity of human beings. Within this context, we first introduce the foundation of AI and deep learning technology in brief which learn to generate the contents. Next, we present representative examples of the interdisciplinary research domain in order of (i) generation of painting based upon vision-based deep learning, (ii) generation of text-based contents such as novel, poem and essay and (iii) generation of music, motion and dancing contents based upon language-based deep learning. In doing so, we would like to investigate the potential of AI and future works to consider in the interdisciplinary research in art and culture.

노화와 과제의 정확성 제약이 연속적인 조준 움직임 수행에 미치는 영향

이지항 ( Ji-hang Lee ),송용관 ( Yong-gwan Song ) 한국스포츠심리학회 2017 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.28 No.3

목적: 이 연구는 노화와 과제의 정확성 제약이 연속적인 조준 움직임 계획과 실행에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지를 규명하였다. 방법: 건강한 노인 11명을 노인집단으로 그리고 성인 11명은 성인집단으로 구분하여 3가지의 정확성 제약(난이도)을 지닌 Fitts 과제를 수행하게 하였다. Fitts 과제는 낮은 정확성 제약, 높은 정확성 제약 그리고 결합된 정확성 제약을 지닌 과제이며, 이 과제는 가상현실을 통해 컴퓨터로 구현되어 물체의 조작이나 외부적인 마찰 없이 움직임 제스처에 의해서 동작을 수행한다. 노화와 과제의 정확성 제약에 따른 연속적인 조준 움직임 계획과 실행에서의 차이를 확인하기 위해 과제 수행에 대한 움직임 시간과 체류 시간을 운동학적 자료로 수집하였다. 결과: 연구결과, 첫째, 정확성 제약이 높은 과제를 수행할 때, 노인들의 움직임 시간은 성인들에 비해 상대적으로 긴 것으로 나타났으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 체류시간에 있어서도 노인들은 정확성 제약이 높은 과제를 수행할 때, 목표 표적에 머무는 시간이 상대적으로 긴 것으로 드러났으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 그러나 상대적으로 정확성 제약이 낮은 과제에서는 노인과 성인간의 차이가 확인되지 않았다. 결론: 이 연구를 통해 연속적인 조준 움직임 수행 시 노화는 감각정보의 지각 및 통합에서의 지연을 유발하여 연속적인 조준 움직임 수행을 방해할 수 있다는 것을 시사한다. Purpose: The present study examined the effects of accuracy constraint and aging on movement performance during continuous aiming tasks. Methods: Eleven older adults and 11 young adults were instructed to perform repetitive aiming movement to specified targets under three-accuracy constraints: 1) low accuracy (W=2cm) - minimal accuracy constraint, 2) high accuracy (W=0.64cm) - maximum accuracy constraint, and 3) mixed accuracy constraint - one target of high accuracy and another target of low accuracy. Kinematic data was collected by movement time and dwell time. Results: The results showed that movement time of older adults was increased across accuracy constraint compared to young adults. Dwell time of older adults also were longer than young adults with accuracy constraint. Conclusion: These results suggest that aging may induce deficits in ongoing planning and organizing processes during movement execution when the tasks require to assemble various accuracy requirements into more complex movement sequences.

프리즘 적응 과정 중 소뇌의 역할

이지항 ( Ji Hang Lee ),이동현 ( Dong Hyun Lee ),하민수 ( Min Soo Ha ) 한국스포츠심리학회 2005 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.16 No.4

노인들의 대뇌 보조운동영역에 적용된 반복적 경두개자기자극이 의도적 운동 적응에 미치는 영향

이지항(Lee, Ji-Hang) 한국사회체육학회 2015 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.61

Based on the declining patterns of sensory-motor adaptation ability of older adults, we’ve proposed the importance of the supplementary area (SMA) in sensory-motor adaptation. Especially, considering the role of complex movement planning, trial-to-trial error correction, and explicit nature of the SMA, the decline of such functions of the elderly was hypothesized to be influenced by the age related changes in the SMA. To investigate the ability to prepare an updated motor plan, the facilitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or the sham stimulation was applied to the SMA of older adults before the adaptation task. Subjects in Older-Sham, Younger-Sham, and Older-TMS groups performed the reaching tasks with spatial offsets using joystick, and the amount and the rate of adaptation were measured. After-effect results showed no difference among groups. But the rate of adaptation was significantly improved with the rTMS when compared to the Old-control group. Because the experimental condition was designed to induce the explicit adaptation, the role of SMA during the explicit learning was re-confirmed. Also, the fact that the rTMS on the SMA could induced an improvement in adaptation may have a practical relevance.

생활체육 참여자의 긍정심리자본과 운동몰입 및 심리적행복감의 관계에 대한 탐구

이정우(Lee, Jeong-Woo),이지항(Lee, Ji-Hang),오성민(Oh, Sung-Min) 한국웰니스학회 2021 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.16 No.4

본 연구는 생활체육 참여자의 긍정심리자본과 몰입 및 심리적행복감의 관계를 종합적으로 탐색하여, 참가자의 신체 활동을 북돋고 삶의 질을 높이는 것에 그 궁극적인 목적이 있다. 수도권 소재의 생활체육 참여자 380명을 연구 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시했으며, 본 연구에서 사용된 설문지 구성은 긍정심리자본에 관한 문항 18개, 운동몰입에 관한 문항 12개, 심리적행복감에 관한 문항 20개로 구성되었다. 자료 분석을 위해 SPSS 23.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 탐색적요인분석, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 생활체육 참여자의 긍정심리자본 중 자기효능감은 운동몰입에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었으며, 둘째, 생활체육 참여자의 긍정심리자본 중 자기효능감, 낙관주의는 심리적행복감의 즐거움, 만족감에, 그리고 자기효능감은 성취감에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었고, 셋째, 생활체육 참여자의 운동몰입은 심리적행복감에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 긍정심리자본, 운동몰입, 심리적행복감 요인이 서로 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나, 생활체육 참여자는 활동 시 긍정적인 생각을 갖고 활동 자체에 몰두하며, 이를 통해 행복감을 얻을 수 있다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 체육학과 긍정심리학의 학제 간 연구의 필요성을 느끼게 하고, 생활체육 참여자의 긍정적 심리를 높이기 위한 체계적인 프로그램의 개발을 유도하여 궁극적으로 참여자의 삶의 질이 향상되길 바란다. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively explore the relationship between positive psychological capital, sport commitment, and psychological happiness of participants in sports for all, to encourage participants" physical activities and improve their quality of life. The questionnaires of 380 sports participants was collected, and the composition of the questionnaire used in this study consisted of 18 questions on positive psychological capital, 12 questions on sport commitment, and 20 questions on psychological happiness. For data analysis, frequency analysis, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed using the SPSS 23.0 program. As a result of the study, first, it was confirmed that self-efficacy among the positive psychological capital of daily sports participants affects sport commitment. Second, it was confirmed that self-efficacy and optimism of positive psychological capital affect joy and satisfaction of psychological happiness as well as self-efficacy hace effect on the accomplishment. Third, it was confirmed that the sport commitment of participants in sports for all affects psychological happiness. In conclusion, this study shows that positive psychological capital, sport commitment, and psychological happiness have a positive effect vice versa, so it can be said that participants in sports for all have positive thoughts during activities and are immersed in the activities themselves. These results arouse necessary for interdisciplinary research in physical education and positive psychology, and encourage the development of systematic programs to enhance the positive psychology of participants in sports for all, ultimately improving the quality of life of participants.

수상레저스포츠 참여유형과 감각추구성향 및 스포츠사회화의 관계

이동현(Lee, Dong-Hyun),이지항(Lee, Ji-Hang) 한국사회체육학회 2015 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.60

The purpose of this study was to establish the causal relationships among the water sport mania types , their level of sensation seeking tendency, and sport socialization. Responses from 358 water sport enthusiasts were collected, and multiple regression analyses were performed. The results showed, first, the level o f maniac behavior among water sport enthusiasts had positive influence on their sensation seeking tendency . Behavioral mania influenced the thrill and adventure seeking tendency, boredom sensitivity, and anti -restrain, and cognitive/emotinal mania influenced the experience seeking and boredom sensitivity. Especially, the behavioral mania were identified as a dominant factor influencing the sensation seeking tendency. Secondly, The level of maniac behavior also influenced the sport socialization. Behavioral mania influenced the social activity, stability, and dominance while the cognitive/emotional mania influenced the social activity and dominance. Again, the behavioral mania was especially a significant predictor of the sport socialization. Finally, there wer e significant influence of sensation seeking tendency on sport socialization. Thrill and adventure seeking tendency influenced the sociality and autonomy while experience seeking influenced activity, dominance, sociality, and autonomy. At the same time, boredom sensitivity influenced sociality, and anti-restrain influenced activity, domiance, and sociality. The experience seeking tendency was an important predictor of activity and autonomy. On the other hand, Dominance and sociality were effectively predicted by anti-restrain. Based on these results, the importance of identifying the maniac level and sensation seeking tendency to better predic the sport socialization was discussed.

엘리트 운동선수의 스트레스와 대처유연성 및 운동탈진의 관계

이정율(Lee, Jung-Yul),이지항(Lee, Ji-Hang),이동현(Lee, Dong-Hyun) 한국사회체육학회 2023 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.- No.93

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of stressn ad coping flexibility on burnout in elite athletes. Method: To achieve this purpose, data were collected from elite athletes including those from high schools, universities, businesses, and professional athletes registered with the Korea Sports Council. A total of 400 responses were analyzed. The collected data were subjected to hierarchical regression analysis using IBM SPSS 25.0, and the following results were derived. Results: In the first stage of hierarchical regression analysis, it was found that personal time constraints and career-related stress had a positive effect on the perceived loss of exercise value. However, leadership dissatisfaction and function/game content did not have a signiicfant effect. Additionally, complaints about leadership, function/game content, and personal time constrainst of stress were found to have a positive effect on psychological and physical exhaustion. However, carere concerns did not have a significant effect on psychological and physical exhaustion. Finally, it was found that the function/game content of stress and career concerns positively influenced the lack of achievement, while leadership dissatisfaction had a negative effect. In the second stage of hierarchical regressio nanalysis, it was found that the flexibility of coping behaviors in response to personal time constraints, carer concerns, and overall coping flexibility had a significant impact on the likelihood of receiving awards for the athletes. Additionally, perceived coping resources were found to have a negative effect. Moreover, personal time constraints of stress, function/game content, leadership dissatisfaction, and coping flexibility were found to have a positive effect on psychological and physical exhaustion. Finally, it was discovered that career concerns, function/game content, and coping behavior flexibility had a significant impact on the lack of achievement, while leadership and perceived coping flexibility had a negative impact on stress. Conclusion: In summary, the results of this study confirm that stress an dcoping flexibility are important factors in burnout among elite athletics. These findings provide an opportunity to promote further research aimed at preventing exhaustion among athletes in the sports field.