고려~조선전기 鶴城李氏의 지역 내 위상과 역할

이종서(Lee Jong-Seo) 한일관계사학회 2007 한일관계사연구 Vol.28 No.-

학성이씨는 울산의 토성(土姓)이다. 토성은 고려시기 향리에서 연원하였다. 고려의 향리는 국가의 관료체제에 편입되었으며 상급 향리인 장리층(長吏層)은 중앙 양반과 신분이 동등했다. 그러나 고려후기에 실질적 위상이 하락하였고, 조선전기에는 제도적으로 격하되었다. 장리층은 이러한 변화에 대응하여 고려말에 대거 중앙관직을 얻어 향리를 벗어났고, 국가에서는 이탈을 억제하는 제도를 마련하였다. 그 결과 조선전기에는 고려의 장리 가문이 계속 향리를 담당하는 이족(吏族)과 양반이 되어 좌수와 별감을 담당하는 사족(士族)으로 분화하여 각자의 역할을 하였다. 학성이씨도 이족과 사족으로 분화하였다. 이예(李藝)의 아들 중 이종근의 후손은 향리직을 담당했고, 이종실의 후손은 사족이 되었다. 호장 등 상급 향리직을 담당하던 이종근의 후손들은 임진왜란을 계기로 향리 신분을 면하게 되었다. 그러나 이후에도 계속 향리를 담당하여 일부 가문은 1700년대 중반까지 이어졌다. 조선후기에 더 이상 향리가 존중받지 못하고 중인으로 천시되자 이종근의 후손들은 향리를 그만두었다. The Hakseong Lee House has been a renowned Toseong(土姓) entity in the Ulsan region for a long time. Toseong designations originated from the Hyangri entities of the Goryeo dynasty period. The Hyangri entities of Goryeo were part of the national ruling system overseen by the government, and the Jangri figures(the Jangri-class(長吏層), who were the senior Hyangri figures) occupied the social status equivalent to those of the Yangban figures living in the capital or other central regions. Yet their status deteriorated in the latter half period of the Goryeo dynasty, and in the early half of the Joseon period, their status was officially demoted. Responding to such changes in their own statuses, many of the Jangri figures managed to obtain positions inside the central government during the ending days of the Goryeo dynasty and escape the Hyangri status, while the government began to implement protocols discouraging the breaking from their original statuses. As a result, the Jangri houses of the Goryeo dynasty diverged into two groups, the Ijok(吏族) figures who kept managing Hyangri tasks, and the Sajok(士族) figures who became Yangban figures and were appointed to Jwasu and Byeolgam posts, in the early half period of Joseon. The Hakseong Lee house diverged as well. Among the sons of Lee Yae(李藝), Lee Jong Geun’s descendants continued to assume the roles of Hyangri, and Lee Jong Shil’s descendants became Sajok figures. Lee Jong Geun’s descendants, who were senior Hyangri figures(such as Hojang figures), escaped that status around the time of the Imjin-year war with the Japanese. Yet other house members maintained such existence through the mid-1700s. In the latter half period of the Joseon dynasty, the Hyangri figures were no longer respected as they had been in the past, and were rather disdained as middle class citizens(中人). So the Lee House members discontinued their service as Hyangri figures.

3차원 모델링에 의한 디스크형 단상 스위치드 리럭턴스 모터의 해석

이종한(Jong-Han Lee),이은웅(Eun-Woong Lee),김종겸(Jong-Kyum Kim),이동주(Dong-Ju Lee),윤서진(Su-Jin Yun) 대한전기학회 1997 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.7

증례보고 : 베타 수용체 차단제와 칼슘 통로 차단제를 복용 중인 환자에서 상완신경총 차단 후 지연 발생한 심정지

이종연 ( Jong Yeon Lee ),이형석 ( Hyung Suk Lee ),박사현 ( Sa Hyun Park ),길현주 ( Hyun Jue Gill ),이상우 ( Sang Woo Lee ),김승호 ( Seung Ho Kim ),정금희 ( Kuem Hee Chung ),김민성 ( Min Sung Kim ),이헌락 ( Heon Rak Lee ) 대한마취과학회 2006 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.51 No.6

A Bezold-Jarisch reflex (BJR) mediated vasovagal syncope is the most common neurally mediated reflex characterized by the sudden failure of the autonomic nervous system and have been reported in patients undergoing a peripheral nerve block. The concomitant administration of a β-adrenoreceptor antagonist and calcium channel blocker have a synergistic suppressant effect on the autonomic nervous system and interact with the anesthetics significantly. We report a case of a 57-year-old female patient with essential hypertension controlled with lercanidipine and carvedilol. Cardiac arrest developed with spontaneous respiration 50 min after the brachial plexus block to remove a plate in the humerus. Epinephrine was administered and the pulse immediately returned to a normal sinus rhythm. This event might be vasovagal syncope mediated by BJR, and realted to the antihypertensive medication used. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2006; 51: 752~5)

오픈소스 프로그램 KIMM-CAM 을 이용한 NC 가공에 관한 연구

이종직(Jong Jik Lee),이충성(Choong Sung Lee),박종원(JongWon Park),이용범(Yong Bum Lee),이태현(Tae Hyun Lee) 대한기계학회 2021 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2021 No.5

場所の助詞「に」と「で」の誤用の原因の分析

李宗恩(Lee, Jong-Eun) 대한일어일문학회 2018 일어일문학 Vol.79 No.-

Among the particles used in two countries with similar morphology, Japanese particles “に(ni)” and “で(de)” and Korean particles “에(e)“ and”에서(eseo)“ have a common meaning to express location. Particles "ni" and "e" are used to indicate ”place of existence“ and "de" and "eseo" are used to indicate "place where behavior and action occur." A Korean Japanese learner corresponds the particles one to one without difficulty. In doing so, a problem may arise as the correct answer rate surpasses 90%. Therefore, regarding the selection of particles “ni” and “de,” Lee (2017)(2018)’s study shows that Korean Japanese language learners (major, non-major) in the initial learning stage have tendencies to use fixed phrases "position+ni" and "place name+de." In addition, Lee (2017)(2018) backed up the tendency of selection of such particles in precedent study, and clearly supports the results of the usage errors of particles "ni" and "de" to represent place in relation to the influence of learning and of one’s mother tongue through an experiment conducted on November 2013. (Examinees: majors in Busan P. University (73 students), non-majors in Busan K. University (73 students)) Although the method of experiment follows a similar pattern to previous studies of Lee (2017)(2018), this study analyzes the survey conducted on November 2013 and reclassifies the questionnaire based on learning level and not the period of learning. More than 95% of non-major students were excluded form the survey as they do not have a qualified language certificate. The following results were obtained based on the comparison and contrast of location particles “ni” and “de” used by major students of different level. The causes of usage errors can be largely divided into four. ① Difference in level: the accuracy rate of semi-advanced level (N2) learners is slightly higher than advanced level (N1) learners. ② Influence of learning: A: excessive use of "ni" compared to “de” and over-generalization of the fixed phrases "position+ni" and “place name+de.“ (Su et al. (2006)) B: A unit of noun+particle formation is created when selecting particles "ni" and "de." (Noda et al. (2001), Sakuda (2001)) ③ Frequency of learning materials: ”Mae(前)“ and ”naka(中)“ used to represent location comes up fewer times than ”ni“ and ”de“ in ”Minnano Nihongo 1,2.“ ④ Influence of mother tongue: Korean Japanese learners are influenced greatly by the mother tongue in expressions ”to live (~sumu)“ and ”to stay (~tomaru).“ Especially the results that the accuracy rate of beginning level students are ranked slightly higher than semi-advanced to advanced level students in the case of "tomaru" shows discrepancies with the study done by Ozeki (2007).

매독균이 HaCaT세포의 표면 항원 발현에 미치는 영향

이종서 ( Jong Seo Lee ),이민걸 ( Min Geol Lee ),이광훈 ( Kwang Hoon Lee ),이정복 ( Jung Bock Lee ) 대한피부과학회 1996 대한피부과학회지 Vol.34 No.5

Background: In primary syphilis, Treponema pallidum invades skin and mucosa through the epidermis, enters blood vessels and circulates in the blood. Afterwards, T. pallidum migrates out of the blood vessels to the pidermis in secondary syphilis to induce diverse skin findings. Therefore, the epidermis seems to be one of the main targets in syphilis. Most of the epidermal cells are keratinocytes and it ca i be presumed that, T. pallidum infection elicit,s defenr.e mechanisms at kerat.inocyte level resulting in changes of the keratinocyt,e surface molecule expression. Objective .' We have cxamined by ELISA whether virulent T. pallidum and its 47-kDa antigen could change the expre.;sions of E cadherin, MHC I, and ICAM 1 on the surface of HaCaT, a transformed human kerai.inocyte cell line. Methods . The 96 well plates of 4 x 10' HaCaT cells/well were cultured for 1 2 days at 37g, and cultured for 16 hoi!rs at 37g including 3x 10' T. pallidum per well or its 47-kDa antigen. Then the changes of E-cadherin, MHC I and, ICAM-I were observed by ELISA. Media alone was used for negative cont,ro: and TNF a of 10U/well was used for positive control. Results : On culturing with T. pallidum, the expression of E-cadherin and MHC I increased sig- nificantly compared with the negaiive control. That of ICAM 1 showed increased findings com- pared t,o the negative control, but, it was not, significant. On culturing with its 47 kDa antigen, the expression of E-cadioerin and MHC-I increased significantly compared with negative control. ICAM-1 expression was increased compared to the negative cont,rol, but it. was not significant,. Conclusion . The increase in E-cadherin and MHC I expressions in HaCaT cells cultured with T. pallidum may be related to the defence mechanisms of the host cells. (Kor J Dermatol 1996;34(5): 797-804)

풍력발전기의 사이클로이드형 YAW & Pitch Gearbox의 신뢰성평가에 관한 연구

이종직(Jong-Jik Lee),이용범(Yong-Bum Lee),김태석(Tae-Seok Kim),이기천(Gi-Chun Lee),박종원(Jong-Won Park) 대한기계학회 2019 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2019 No.2

야자계 활성탄에 의한 Brilliant Blue FCF 염료의 흡착 동력학 및 열역학에 관한 연구

이종집 ( Jong Jib Lee ) 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.53 No.3

야자계 활성탄을 사용하여 수용액으로부터 brilliant blue FCF 염료의 흡착에 대해 조사하였다. 회분식 실험은 흡착 제의 양, 초기농도와 접촉시간과 온도를 흡착변수로 사용하여 수행하였다. 흡착평형자료는 Langmuir와 Freundlich 식 을 사용하여 해석하였으며, Freundlich 식이 더 좋은 일치도를 나타냈다. 평가된 Freundlich 상수(1/n=0.129-0.212)로부 터 활성탄에 의한 brilliant blue FCF의 흡착조작이 적절한 처리방법이 될 수 있음을 알았다. 흡착속도실험자료를 유사 일차반응속도식과 유사이차반응속도식에 적용해 본 결과, 흡착동력학은 유사이차반응속도식에 잘 맞는 것으로 나타났 다. 음수값의 Gibbs 자유에너지(-4.81~-10.33 kJ/mol)와 양수값의 엔탈피(+78.59 kJ/mol)는 흡착이 자발적이고 흡열공 정으로 진행된다는 것을 나타낸다. Adsorption of brilliant blue FCF dye from aqueous solution using coconut shell based activated carbon was investigated. Batch experiments were carried out as function of adsorbent dose, initial concentration, contact time and temperature. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich model. The results indicate that Freundlich model provides the best correlation of the experimental data. Base on the estimated Freundlich constant (1/n=0.129~0.212), this process could be employed as effective treatment method. Adsorption kinetics experimental data were modeled using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. It was shown that pseudosecond- order kinetic equation could best describe the adsorption kinetics. Base on the negative Gibbs free energy value (-4.81~-10.33 kJ/mol) and positive enthalpy value (+78.59 kJ/mol) indicate that the adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic process.

이러닝에서 사회성, 사용용이성, 유용성, 즐거움이 수용의향에 미치는 영향 연구

이종만(Jong Man Lee) 한국콘텐츠학회 2012 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.12 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 기술수용모델, 동기이론, 사회적 반응 이론을 적용한 확장된 기술수용모델 관점에서 이러닝 수용의향에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 지각된 사회성, 지각된 사용용이성, 지각된 유용성, 지각된 즐거움, 그리고 이러닝 수용의향으로 구성된 이론모형을 개발하고 분석하였다. 분석결과를 요약하면 첫째, 지각된 유용성과 지각된 즐거움은 모두 이러닝 수용의향에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 결정요인으로 밝혀졌다. 둘째, 지각된 사용용이성은 이러닝 수용의향 결정요인인 지각된 유용성과 지각된 즐거움에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 셋째, 지각된 사회성은 이러닝 수용의향에 직접적인 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 지각된 유용성을 매개로한 간접적인 영향도 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. The purpose of this paper is to examine factors influencing e-Learning acceptance intention through extended Technology Acceptance Model(TAM) applying TAM, the motivation theory, and the social response theory. To do this, this paper proposes and analyzes a theoretical model consisting of factors such as perceived sociability, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, and e-Learning acceptance intention. Our findings are revealed as following: First, perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment have positive effects on e-Learning acceptance intention. Second, perceived ease of use has positive effects on determinants of e-Learning acceptance intention. Third, perceived sociability not only has direct influence on e-Learning acceptance intention but also has indirect influence carried by perceived usefulness.

政治와 倫理

李鍾殷(Lee Jong Eun) 한국학중앙연구원 1991 한국학 Vol.14 No.4