횡격막 거상증을 동반한 만성 위 염전증 1예

정학모(Hark-Mo Jung),이병욱(Byung-Wook Lee),문용식(Yong-Sik Moon),최정환(Jung-Whan Choi),서용길(Yong-Kil Suh),윤충(Choong Yoon) 대한외과학회 1993 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research Vol.45 No.2

시판 축산물가공품의 보존료 사용에 관한조사

최효정 ( Hyo Jung Choi ),홍인석 ( In Suk Hong ),최윤화 ( Yoon Hwa Choi ),이윤희 ( Youn Hui Lee ),김창기 ( Chang Gi Kim ),이덕주 ( Duck Joo Lee ),이정학 ( Jung Hark Lee ) 한국가축위생학회 2007 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.30 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate the sorts and the quantity of preservatives in 2,575 samples of 10 kind products which had been sold in the markets from 2004 to 2006. These analyses were done using HPLC. By the result of investigation, the most frequently detected preservative was sorbic acid in 222 cases. Detection rate of sorbic acid was 8.62%. Dehydroacetic acid(DHA) was detected in 8 cases among 36 butter samples and one of 278 sausage samples. Detection rate of DHA was 0.0035%. In detail, the detection rate was 71.5%(88/123) in dried meat, 22.2%(8/36) in processed butter, 17.3%(48/278) in sausage, 10.4%(17/163) in canned meat etc., 7.9%(49/619) in ham, 7.48%(19/254) in processed cheese and 4%(2/49) in bacon, respectively. The content range of sorbic acid and its average in each of the processed meat and milk products are as follows: ND~1.64g/㎏, 0.26 g/kg in dried meat, ND~1.34g/㎏, 0.114g/㎏ in sausage, ND~0.41g/㎏, 0.015g/㎏ in canned meat etc., ND~1.37g/㎏, 0.038g/㎏ in ham, ND~1.63g/㎏, 0.056g/㎏ in processed cheese, ND~0.57g/㎏, 0.022g/㎏ in bacon, respectively. Amount of detected DHA was less than 0.23 g/kg, and its average was 0.022 g/kg in processed butter.

강도 증가에 따른 전기비저항 특성 변화

정순혁(Jung Soon-Hyuck),윤형구(Yoon Hyung-Koo),이정학(Lee Jeong-Hark),이종섭(Lee Jong-Sub) 대한토목학회 2010 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.10

식육 중 잔류물질 스크리닝법인 EEC-4 Plate Test와 Charm II Test 비교

함희진,김두환,권택부,이정학,Ham Hee-jin,Kim Doo-whan,Kweon Taek-boo,Lee Jung-hark 한국식품위생안전성학회 2004 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.19 No.4

잔류물질 간이 시험법으로 EEC-4 plate test와 Charm II test가 항생물질과 합성항균제 잔류검사에 널리 이용되고 있는 바, 이들 상호간의 결과 수치를 비교, 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. EEC-4 plate혹은 Charm II 에서 양성으로 나타난 돈육 71건에 대하여 HPLC로 정량 분석한 결과, only tetracyclines 46건, only sulfonamides와 solfonamides+tetracyclines가 각각 4건씩, amphenicols+tetracyclines와 amphenicols+sulfonamides+tetracyclines가 각각 1건씩 검출되었고, 15건에서는 검출되지 않았다. Sulfonamides 계열에서 검출된 9건의 경우, Charm-II test 결과 수치가 낮은 경우에 정량 검출량이 높게 나타났고, EEC-4 plate test 결과 pH 6.0, pH 7.2, pH 8.0 모두에서 양성으로 나타나는 등 두 시험방법 간에 연관성이 있었고, chloramphenicols 계열에서 검출된 2건과 검출되지 않은 7건의 경우, Charm-II test결과 수치가 낮은 경우에는 오히려 정량 검출되지 않았으나, control point 근방의 양성 수치에서는 검출량이 높게 나타날 뿐 아니라 EEC-4 plate test에서도 pH6.0, pH7.2, pH8.0 모두에서 양성으로 나타나는 등 두 시험방법 간에 연관성이 있었다. 한편, tetracycline계열의 경우, EEC-4 plate와 Cham-II간에 연관성은 없었다. 또한, EEC-4 plate와 Charm II에서 각각 양성을 나타내었으나 HPLC에서는 검출되지 않는 경우는 tetracyclines계열에서는 $10.5\%(6/57)$, sulfonamides계열의 경우는 없었고, chloramphenicols계열의 경우는 $81.8\%(9/11)$로 각각 나타나 EEC-4 plate와 Charm II가 세 가지 잔류물질 시험에 대한 screening method로서 적합함을 알 수 있었다. It was carried out to compare the relationship of EEC 4-plate test method and Charm II test method by HPLC. 46 only tetracyclines, 4 only sulfonamides, 4 sulfonamides+tetracyclines, one amphenicols+tetracyclines, and one amphenicols+sulfonarnides+tetracyclines, it was detected on 71 porks of EEC 4-plate positive or Charm II positive by HPLC. In case of sulfonamides and chloramphenicols, two test methods had related with each other, but had no relation in tetracyclines. Also, it was $10.5\%(6/57)$ tetracyclines, $81.8\%(9/11)$ chloramphenicols that were EEC 4 plate positive or Charm II positive, but not detectrd by HPLC. Consequently, EEC 4-plate test method and Charm II test method were suitable by screening test on antibiotics and sulfonamides etc.

서울 시내 도축장의 소${\cdot}$돼지 지육에 대한 잔류물질 (tetracyclines, ${\beta}$-lactams, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides) 함량 조사

김두환,이재신,함희진,기노준,이정학,Kim Doo-Hwan,Lee Jae-Shin,Ham Hee-Jin,Ki No-Joon,Lee Jung-Hark 한국동물위생학회 2004 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.27 No.3

It was carried out to compare the residual materials by EEC 4-plate, Charm II and HPLC method in the muscles of cattle and pigs from slaughter-houses in Seoul from 2000 to 2003. Residual materials were detected from $1.10\%$(73/6,623) samples by EEC 4-plate method, and $10.93\%$(55/503) samples by Charm II method. The highest residual concentration(ppm) of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, sulfamerazine, sulfadimethoxine, penicillin and sulfamonomethoxine were 25.5, 3.46, 3.26, 1.5, 0.3, 0.2, 0.2, 0.14, and 0.07, respectively. Eighty nine samples were classified as 58($65.17\%$) only tetracyclines, 20($22.47\%$) only sulfonamides, 3($3.37\%$) only ${\beta}$-lactams, 2($2.25\%$) only chloramphenicol, 4($4.49\%$) tetracyclines and sulfonamides simultaneously, 1($1.12\%$) chloramphenicol and sulfonamides simultaneously, and 1($1.12\%$) chloramphenicol, sulfonamides and tetracyclines simultaneously.

절리암반의 변형률 의존적 전단탄성계수 및 감쇠비 특성을 고려한 터널의 내진 해석

송기일,정성훈,조계춘,이정학,Song, Ki-Il,Jung, Sung-Hoon,Cho, Gye-Chun,Lee, Jeong-Hark 한국터널지하공간학회 2010 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.12 No.4

Contrary to an intact rock, the jointed rock mass shows strain-dependent deformation characteristics (elastic modulus and damping ratio). The maximum elastic modulus of a rock mass can be obtained from an elastic wave-based exploration in a small strain level and applied to seismic analyses. However, the assessment and application of the non-linear characteristics of rock masses in a small to medium strain level ($10^{-4}{\sim}0.5%$) have not been carried out yet. A non-linear dynamic analysis module is newly developed for FLAC3D to simulate strain-dependent shear modulus degradation and damping ratio amplification characteristics. The developed module is verified by analyzing the change of the Ricker wave propagation. Strain-dependent non-linear characteristics are obtained from disks of cored samples using a rock mass dynamic testing apparatus which can evaluate wave propagation characteristics in a jointed rock column. Using the experimental results and the developed non-linear dynamic module, seismic analyses are performed for the intersection of a shaft and an inclined tunnel. The numerical results show that vertical and horizontal displacements of non-linear analyses are larger than those of linear analyses. Also, non-linear analyses induce bigger bending compressive stresses acting on the lining. The bending compressive stress concentrates at the intersection part. The fundamental understanding of a strain-dependent jointed rock mass behavior is achieved in this study and the analytical procedure suggested can be effectively applied to field designs and analyses. 암석과는 달리 절리암반은 변형률 의존적 변형특성(탄성계수 및 감쇠비)을 나타낸다. 탄성파를 이용한 현장실험을 통해 미소변형률 수준에서 암반의 최대탄성계수를 얻을 수 있으며 이를 내진 설계에 반영하고 있으나, 미소 변형률 이상의 중변형률($10^{-4}{\sim}0.5%$) 영역의 동적거동에 대한 실험적인 규명과 이에 대한 수치적 적용은 전무한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 변형률 의존적 전단탄성계수 및 감쇠비의 비선형 거동 특성을 반영하여 동적해석을 수행할 수 있는 FLAC3D 해석 모듈을 개발하였다. 리커 웨이브의 파동 변화를 분석하여 개발된 모듈에 대한 검증을 수행하였다. 절리 암반의 탄성파 전파특성과 동적 거동특성을 모사할 수 있는 절리암반 공진주 시험장비를 통하여 현장에서 채취한 절리암반의 변형률 의존적 전단탄성 계수의 감쇠 특성과 감쇠비의 증폭 특성을 획득하였다. 개발된 비선형 해석 모듈에 실험으로부터 획득된 거동 특성을 반영하여 수직구와 사갱의 접속부에 대한 내진 안정성 평가를 수행하였다. 내진해석 결과, 비선형 해석이 선형 해석보다 더 큰 연직변위와 수평변위 결과를 나타냈다. 라이닝의 휨압축응력은 수직구과 사갱의 접속부에서 집중되는 것으로 나타났으며 비선형해석의 경우 라이닝에 더 큰 휨압축응력이 발생되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 변형률 의존적 절리암반의 비선형 거동특성을 보다 깊이 있게 이해하고 해석 및 설계시 고려할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

서울 시내 도축장의 소,돼지 지육에 대한 잔류물질(tetracyclines, β-Lactams, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides) 함량 조사

김두환 ( Doo Hwan Kim ),이재신 ( Jae Shin Lee ),함희진 ( Hee Jin Ham ),기노준 ( No Joon Ki ),이정학 ( Jung Hark Lee ) 한국가축위생학회 2004 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.27 No.3

It was carried out to compare the residual materials by EEC 4-plate, Charm Ⅱ and HPLC method in the muscles of cattle and pigs from slaughter-houses in Seoul from 2000 to 2003. Residual materials were detected from 1.10%(73/6,623) samples by EEC 4-plate method, and 10.93%(55/503) samples by Charm Ⅱ method. The highest residual concentration(ppm) of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, sulfamerazine, sulfadimethoxine, penicillin and sulfamonomethoxine were 25.5, 3.46, 3.26, 1.5, 0.3, 0.2, 0.2, 0.14, and 0.07, respectively. Eighty nine samples were classified as 58(65.17%) only tetracyclines, 20(22.47%) only sulfonamides, 3(3.37%) only β-lactams, 2(2.25%) only chloramphenicol, 4(4.49%) tetracyclines and sulfonamides simultaneously, 1(1.12%) chloramphenicol and sulfonamides simultaneously, and 1(1.12%) chloramphenicol, sulfonamides and tetracyclines simultaneously.

식육 및 계란에서 플루오로퀴놀론계 항균물질 정량분석 및 잔류조사(2)

최윤화 ( Yoon Hwa Choi ),김연주 ( Yeon Ju Kim ),이경혜 ( Kyung Hye Lee ),강영일 ( Young Il Kang ),이정학 ( Jung Hark Lee ) 한국가축위생학회 2009 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

Fluoroquinolones in muscle and egg were separated by liquid extraction and determined. The analysis was carried out using following conditions; C18 column (150×4.6mm, 5μm), mobile phase composed of D.W. (containing 0.4% triethylamine and phosphoric acid) : methanol : acetonitrile (780:100:120, v/v/v), quarternary pump at a flow rate of 0.9ml/min and 20μl of injection volume, fluorescence detector with EX 278nm/Em 456nm. The calibration range of seven fluoroquinolones showed linearity (r2?0.999) at concentration range of 0.025~0.8μg/ml. The recoveries in fortified muscle and egg represented more than 81.3%. The detection limits for ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, saraloxacin and orbifloxacin were 3.1, 2.5, 3.6, 1.7, 0.9, 2.5 and 2.1μg/kg, respectively. We also monitored fluoroquinolones residue in the sample (chicken muscle 182, cattle muscle 140, pig muscle 139, egg 212) using EEC-plate (E. coli ATCC 11303) screening and HPLC confirmation methods. The screening test results, fluoroquinolones, antibacterial substances were all negative.

유통식육에서 중금속 함량조사

최윤화 ( Yoon Hwa Choi ),김연주 ( Yeon Ju Kim ),이경혜 ( Kyung Hye Lee ),강영일 ( Young Il Kang ),이정학 ( Jung Hark Lee ) 한국가축위생학회 2010 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.33 No.3

This study was conducted to determine the content of heavy metals in meats available on the Korean markets. Trace metals (Pb, As and Cd) were detected in 4 kinds, 172 samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The values of heavy metals in meats were as follows; In beef, mean (minimum~ maximum) values of the heavy metals were Pb: 0.075 (0.020~0.190)mg/kg, As: 0.010 (0.001~ 0.050)mg/kg and Cd: 0.43(0.07~2.11)μg/kg. In pork, mean (minimum~maximum) values of the heavy metals were Pb: 0.065 (0.012~0.171)mg/kg, As: 0.004 (ND~0.021)mg/kg and Cd: 0.43(0.08~1.09)μg/kg. In chiken, mean (minimum~maximum) values of the heavy metals were Pb: 0.060(0.016~0.211)mg/kg, As: 0.008 (ND~0.042)mg/kg and Cd: 0.42 (0.02~3.80)μg/kg. In duck, mean (minimum~maximum) values of the heavy metals were Pb: 0.070 (0.011~0.157)mg/kg, As: 0.005 (0.001~0.011)mg/kg and Cd: 0.87 (0.15~3.75)μg/kg. This results will be used as a basic data for the future legislation on the regulation and control of heavy metal in meats.

소지방 중 잔류농약분석을 위한 액-액분배법과 modified QuEChERS법 비교

김연주 ( Yoen Joo Kim ),최윤화 ( Yoon Hwa Choi ),신방우 ( Bang Woo Shin ),이정학 ( Jung Hark Lee ) 한국가축위생학회 2011 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.34 No.4

This article described the comparison of a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation and the classical method established by National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS) for the determination of pesticide residues in livestock products using GC-tandem mass spectrometry. The classical method by NVRQS used liquid-liquid partioning followed by evaporizing. The modified QuEChERS entailed extraction of 2 g sample with 15 ml acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid followed by addition of 6 g anhydrous magnesium sulfate and 1.5 g sodium acetate. After centrifugation, 6 ml of the extract underwent a cleanup step (in a technique known as column-based solid phase extraction) using 400 mg each of C18 and primary secondary amine sorbents plus 1,200 mg magnesium sulfate. The quantitation of individual pesticides by both methods was based on tissue standard calibration curves with a correlation coefficient in excess of 0.98 for the 24 pesticides. The detection limits by the classical method were ranged 1.3∼5.0 μg/kg, with mean recoveries between 76.2% and 114.3% except aldrin (59.3%) and deltamethrin (63.6%). The detection limits by modified QuEChERS were ranged 0.3∼6.2 μg/kg, with mean recoveries between 68.0% and 114.3% except dimethipin (152.6%), chlorfenvinphos (138.1%), 4,4-DDT (61.5%), aldrin (60.4%) and chinomethionate (30.3%).