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서구 근대건축 파구스공장(Faguswerk)건축의 형성과정과 역사적 평가에 대한 재조명
이재익,Lee, Jae-Ik 한국건축역사학회 2007 건축역사연구 Vol.16 No.5
The Fagus Factory at Alfeld on the Leine in Germany, which was built in 1911 and 1914, is a well-known and very important object in the history of modern architecture. Alan Colquhoun mentioned that it is "prophetic of the 'objective' (sachlich) Modern Movement of the 1920s". Vittrio M. Lampugnani evaluated it as "a Pioneer building of the architectural Realism". Most of historian of architecture explain that these achievements were accomplished mainly by the master architect Walter Gropius and sometimes by his co-worker Adolf Meyer. Through investigating the background in the planning stage and the process of design it is to try to find out what is truly happened during the project time. Furthermore, historical meanings of the building in the modern architecture is reinterpreted in the following aspects; who or which elements have influence on the Fagus Factory? and what kind of problems can be caused by the digested architectural history?
1914년 독일공작연맹 전시회 유리산업전시관의 근대건축사적 의미 -브루노 타우트(Bruno Taut)의 유리집(Glashaus)-
이재익,Lee, Jae-Ik 한국건축역사학회 2004 건축역사연구 Vol.13 No.4
The German Werkbund, which was founded in 1907, played an important role in the history of modern architecture. Its exhibition 1914 in Cologne is estimated as a meaningful event in the development of modern architecture. Especially two examples, among which were built at that time, are worthy of notice. The one is the 'Modelfactory' by Walter Gropius and the other 'Glashaus' by Bruno Taut. Generally in the Textbook on the history of modern architecture, the Taut's Glashaus is rarely mentioned or described as a early example of some expressionistic architecture, while the Modelfactory by Gropius is regarded as an essential workpiece in the early stage of modern movement. the time of searching alternative not only from rationalistic modernism but also postmodernism and today in the time of plurality, Taut's Glashaus could bring us more interesting and meaningful aspects in architectural design. Through investigating the background in the planning stage and analysing the composition of space, construction, circulation etc. it is to try to understand the building as really as what it was. Furthermore, historical meanings of the building in the modern architecture is reinterpreted in the following aspects; what should be reflected in architecture and how could 'Zeitgeist' be architecturally adopted?
이재익(Jae-Ik Lee),신민식(Min-Shik Shin) 한국산업경제학회 2017 산업경제연구 Vol.30 No.5
본 연구는 한국거래소에 상장된 기업을 대상으로 비용구조가 자본구조에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 기업의 비용구조는 Kahl et al.(2012)과 Kulchania(2016)의 방법으로 측정하였고, 정태적 자본구조 모형뿐만 아니라 동태적 자본구조 모형 하에서, 비용구조가 자본구조에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며, 중요한 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 기업의 비용구조 상으로 영업비용 중에서 변동비용의 비중이 높은 기업은 매출액 변화에 대한 영업비용 변화의 민감도가 증가하여 레버리지 비율이 증가한다. 따라서 비용구조 상으로 변동비용의 비중이 높은 변동비용구조 기업은 고정비용의 비중이 높은 고정비용구조 기업보다 고정비용 부담으로 인한 채무불이행 위험이 감소하므로 레버리지 비율을 더 증가시킬 수 있다. 또한, 변동비용구조 기업은 정태적 자본구조 모형뿐만 아니라 동태적 자본구조 모형 하에서도 고정비용구조 기업보다 고정비용부담으로 인한 채무불이행 위험이 감소하므로 레버리지 비율을 더 증가시킬 수 있다. 결론적으로, 한국거래소에 상장된 기업 중에서 비용구조 상으로 변동비용의 비중이 높은 기업은 고정비용 부담으로 인한 채무불이행 위험이 감소하므로 레버리지 비율을 더 증가시킬 수 있다. 이러한 연구 결과는 비용구조가 자본구조에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 새로운 변수라는 점을 인정하여 재무정책을 수립할 필요가 있음을 시사하며, 비용구조와 자본구조 간의 관계에 관한 연구 문헌에도 공헌할 것으로 기대한다. This study empirically analyzes the effects of cost structure on corporate capital structure. The sample firms are selected from firms listed on the Korea Exchange from 1999 to 2015 and are classified into flexible cost structure firms and fixed cost structure ones. Cost structure is determined using the methodology of Kahl, Lunn, and Nilsson(2012) and Kulchania(2016). The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. The cost structure has positive and significant effects on the corporate capital structure, implying that the cost structure is positively related to capital structure. This result shows that firms with higher flexible costs hold higher levels of leverage. This result further shows that firms that see a change in the cost structure toward more flexible costs increase their leverage ratio. Consequently, this result implies that fixed cost structure firms have lower leverage ratios to reduce the probability of default risk. Even though controlling several characteristic variables, there are still the positive effects of cost structure on corporate capital structure. Furthermore, in the frameworks of static and dynamic capital structure, cost structure have consistently significant and positive effect on corporate capital structure. Therefore, this study implies that managers must consider cost structure as a new determinant of capital structure.
이재익(Lee, Jae Ik),남현우(Nam, Hyun Woo),정형기(Jung, Hyong Gi),장세은(Jang, Se Eun),김혜연(Kim, hye yoen) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2013 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.13 No.-
스마트기기는 그 역할과 용도가 개인적인 활용에서 업무보조까지 다양한 기능을 수행하게 되면서, 현대 사회인들의 라이프스타일까지 새롭게 변화시키고 있다. 이러한 스마트기기의 등장으로 현대 사회인들의 라이프스타일이 새롭게 변화되면서 스마트기기를 사용하는 사용자 계층 또한 다양해지고 복잡해졌다. 특히 신실버세대는 신체적·정신적 변화와 감각기관의 기능저하에 영향을 많이 받는 세대로 스마트기기에 친숙하지 않은 관계로 이에 대한 접근성을 향상시킬 수 있는 연구가 필요하다는 가설을 설정하였다. 연구결과, 신실버세대의 지각경로, 학습능력, 응답 및 반응시간에 관한 개념을 고찰하였다. 그리고 스마트기기 접근성 요소분석을 위하여 스마트폰과 스마트패드를 기준으로 인지성, 운영성, 이해성으로 구분하였고, 세부적으로는 화면크기, 화면구성, 조작방식, 등으로 나누어서 진행하였다. 이렇게 분석된 데이터들을 기반으로 스마트기기의 사용성 향상화 방안과 접근성 향상화 모델(SAIM)을 제안하였다. 본 연구를 통해서 제안된 향상화 모델은 스마트기기 사용자 계층에서 소외되었던 신실버세대들도 쉽게 스마트기기에 접근할 수 있을 것으로 기대되며, 향후 연구에서는 신실버세대의 스마트기기 UX디자인과 어플리케이션에 대한 연구와 표준화 등이 진행되어야 할 것이다. Smart appliances perform various functions in their role and purpose from the individual use to job assistant, and are changing new even the lifestyle of modern society. With the advent of these smart appliances lifestyle of modern society has been changed new and the user layers of the smart appliances also became diverse and complicated. Especially the new silver generation is frequently affected by physical and mental changes, and deterioration of the sense organs. Iset the hypothesis that the study is needed to improve their accessibility to smart appliances because they are not familiar with smart appliances. According to the findings, to analyze mental model of the new silver generation, the conceptions about the perception routes, learning ability, and response and reaction time of the new silver generation were investigated. And for the analysis of accessibility element to smart appliances, Idivided these elements into perceivability, operability, understandability based on smart phone and smart pad. The study was performed by dividing into screen size, display configuration, applications, operation mode, etc. in details. Based on these analyzed data Isuggested the plan for the improvement of smart appliances usability and the model for the improvement of smart appliances accessibility (SAIM). Through this study, it is expected for the new silver generation excluded from the smart appliance users also to access easily to them. In the next research I plan to carry out the study and the standardization of smart appliances UX design and applications for the new silver generation.
Green Energy Contents Research of Sun, Wind, Bio, Water
Lee, Jae Ik(이재익) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2018 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.32 No.-
In Korea, active development policies and the need for investment by government is increasing and it is responding to global external factors such as enactment of the convention on climate change and the continued high oil prices. In particular, as the supply of local governments and private enterprises to major green energy such as solar power, wind power, bio, and hydroelectric power has expanded, various support and upbringing strategies such as energy zero science museum research linked with tourism industry have been also suggested. This study will upgrade the cities of each local government to a clean smart city image in response to this trend and to study green energy content development plan of solar, wind, bio, water linked with and to activate tourism industry. The contents and method of the study are as follows: First, we examine the current status and research trends of green energy at home and abroad. Second, we study the characteristics of green energy content and image attributes for clean smart city. Third, we will integrate the results of research on the current status and research trends, policies, and detailed projects of domestic and foreign countries, and the results of research on solar energy, wind, bio, water green energy contents. As a result, policy development plans and guidelines for green energy contents research that can contribute to the formation of advanced clean smart city image, energy balance development linked with tourism industry by each local government, green energy contents utilization plan for energy zero science museum. The results of this study are as follows: First, as a result of studying overseas situation and research trends, The following countries lead in distribution and investment in the following fields: China in water energy, solar energy power generation, wind energy, solar heating; UK in land wind energy; the U.S in bio energy such as bio diesel and bio ethanol; Germany in wind energy; Indonesia in geothermal power generation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a clear policy intention and a practical policy to cope with the policy changes of countries in the world due to the expansion of the green energy market and the spread of the electricity tariff system. Second, as a result of examining the domestic situation and research trends, the government`s active support for clean green energy and the interest of private civilian and public should be further expanded. In particular, policy support, investment and growth strategies for various local governments such as energy zero science museum research connected with tourism industry per local government and green energy contents research for a smart city of sun, wind, bio, and water should be further expanded Third, as a result of examining the current status and cases of green energy contents in the world, Spain, Denmark, Germany, USA, UAE, etc. are integrating solar energy, wind energy, bio energy and water energy, even presenting it as tourism resources. In Korea, efforts are underway to plan the construction of smart cities by local governments in conjunction with energy zero science museums research and to make it as tourism resources. However, there is a great deal of conflict in the national consensus and the government and politicians need to present the solution for this. Fourth, it is absolutely necessary to develop and agree on a policy roadmap for the sequential distribution and replacement on clean green energy sources and be wary of unconditional rejection of high-efficiency energy sources such as nuclear power rising out of concerns for the distribution, investment, and support of clean green energy. Fifth, just as solar energy, wind energy, bio energy, and water energy need to maximize the advantages and disadvantages and symbolic values of each clean energy source, the balanced energy development considering regional characteristics of Korea should be closely co
A Study on Creative and Convergent STAD(Science, Technology, Arts, Design) education
Lee, Jae Ik(이재익) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2017 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.30 No.-
Creative education has evolved through the change and development through the history of about 30 years, mainly in Northern Europe, the United States and the United Kingdom. Smart education and MOOC, Flipped Learning, Khan Academy, Minerva School can be regarded as a trend of creative and convergent Science, Technology, Arts, Design(STAD) education in the recent 4th Industrial Revolution era. These are very excellent tools and means. At present, however, the creative and convergent STAD education in Korea is the education method of adding the field of arts to STEAM in USA, showing a limit that the main goal of education is to cultivate the connectivity of engineering, artistic literacy and scientific technology based on basic disciplines such as mathematics, science etc. Therefore, the background and purpose of this study is to re-set the goals that can overcome existing limitations through the analysis of domestic and overseas research trends and to present research findings and policy alternatives that can provide opportunities for further innovation in a new form. The research contents and method of this paper are as follows. That is, this paper investigates and analyzes domestic and overseas previous research trends and specific examples on the goals of desirable creative and convergent STAD education, the development and utilization of convergence education of subjects and programs and presents policy proposals and alternatives for each item of research findings required for application and practice, the development of programs, these courses and curriculum through it. The results of the study are as follows. First, the creative and convergent STAD education started from STEM has evolved into a form of education of training excellent talent with the integrated problem solving ability, creativity, and personality according to the changes and trends of the 4th industrial revolution era, the principle of supply and demand and further efforts and policy support are needed. Second, new education models such as Khan Academy, Aalto School and DIY Education, DIO Education, Maker Education and Convergence Talent Education H-STEAM, which match well with the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, STAD which is the convergence education of Science, Technology, Arts, Design, and science-art convergence type STEM program content on-site education are changing and innovating and movement that can be said to be revolutionary also began in college education such as MOOC, Coding Education, Flipped Learning, Minerva School. Therefore, it is important to establish a creative and convergent educational network of universities, research institutes, industry and government authorities, and to develop, apply and operate various curriculums, educational programs and further efforts and policy support are needed. Third, the important goals and directing point should be the future-oriented human-centered convergence education with the characteristics of public and public interest based on securing and maintaining teachers through professional manpower training, professionalism development, customized project education of a field-oriented collaboration system, industry-university cooperative education in the form of corporate workshop, human (personality) and culture and creative convergence and further efforts and policy support are needed. Fourth, the creative and convergent STAD education in Korea lacks the process of forming national, socio-cultural and economic consensus, reform plan through active communication with education authorities, policy-making efforts, action plans for industry-academia-research collaboration and further efforts and policy support are needed. The conclusions are as follows. The foundation of creative and convergent STAD education in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is the expansion of new values, creativity, challenging spirit, collaborative personality, autonomy and diversity. S