칠장사 오불회 괘불탱 화기에 기록된 채색 재료의 해석

이은우,윤지현,권윤미,신태호,Lee, Eun Woo,Yoon, Ji Hyeon,Kwon, Yoon Mi,Shin, Tae Ho 한국문화재보존과학회 2020 보존과학회지 Vol.36 No.6

본 연구는 칠장사 오불회 괘불탱의 과학적 조사 결과를 종합하여 화기에 기록된 채색 재료에 대해 해석하고자 하였다. 연구결과 진분은 연백, 주홍은 진사, 황단은 연단, 황금은 금, 석자황은 석황으로 확인되었다. 녹색의 당하엽과 삼록은 copper trihydroxychloride, 청색의 대청과 중청은 석청으로 확인되며 이들의 입도에 따라 색상의 변화를 준 것으로 보인다. 연지와 청화는 각각 적색과 청색의 유기염료로서 청색은 쪽의 존재가 확인되나 연지는 고문헌과 한자의 명칭에 차이를 보여 통시적으로 사용된 연지인지는 불분명하다. 수토황은 괘불탱에서 그 존재가 확인되지 않았으나 황색 계열의 재료로 보이며 토양추출물이나 등황일 가능성이 높다. This study aimed to interpret the coloring materials recorded in the ceremonial writing with the scientific investigation results of the Hanging Painting of the Chiljangsa Temple (Five Buddhas). The results confirm that the Jinboon, Joohong, Hwangdan, Hwanggeum and Seokjahwang are clearly connected to lead white, cinnabar, minium, gold, and orpiment, respectively. Danghayeop and samrok are related to Copper trihydroxychloride, while Daecheong and Joongcheong are azurite, and they seems to be classified by the particle size. Yeonji and Chunghwa are organic dyes in red and blue, respectively, with blue confirming the existence of the side, but Yeonji differs from the names of the ancient texts and Chinese characters; it is unclear whether it is a commonly used Yeonji because of differences in the names of the ancient texts. The presence of Sootohwang has not been confirmed in the gwaebultaeng, but it can be extracted from the soil as a yellow-colored material but the possibility of Deunghwang cannot be ruled out.

긴장 및 무긴장 상태에서 열처리한 PP 필라멘트의 구조 및 역학적 성질에 관한 연구

이은우,Lee, Eun-Woo 한국산업융합학회 2001 한국산업융합학회 논문집 Vol.4 No.4

The change of crystalline structure and mechanical properties of drawn PP filaments which was treated by tensioned and non-tensioned annealing was investigated. Measurements were carried out with XRD for crystallite size, density gradient tube for crystallinity. and UTM for mechanical properties. Tensioend and non-tensioned annealing were carried out $80^{\circ}C$, $100^{\circ}C$, $120^{\circ}C$: for 10min., 30min., 60min, in oil bath. It was found that the crystallinity and crystallite size of (110) plane of samples were increased with increasing of annealed temperature and time. Also crystallinity and crystallite size of samples which was tensioned annealing were larger than those of non-tensioned annealed samples. Initial modulus and tensile strength of tensioned annealed samples were higher than non-tensioned annealed samples, But elongation of tensioned annealed samples was lower than non-tensioned annealed samples.

단풍취 추출물 및 분획물의 항산화 및 α-glucosidase 저해 활성 평가

이은우,김태완,김현석,박윤문,김성호,임무혁,곽재훈,김태훈,Lee, Eun-Woo,Kim, Taewan,Kim, Hyun-Seok,Park, Youn-Moon,Kim, Seong-Ho,Im, Moo-Hyeog,Kwak, Jae Hoon,Kim, Tae Hoon 한국식품저장유통학회 2015 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Among the naturally occurring antioxidants, polyphenols are widely distributed in various fruits, vegetables, wines, juices, and plant-based dietary sources and divided into several subclasses that included phenolic acid, flavonoids, stilbenes, and lignans. As part of our continuing search for bioactive food ingredients, the antioxidant and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the aqueous ethanolic extract from the aerial parts of Ainsliaea acerifolia were investigated in vitro. The antioxidant properties were evaluated via radical scavenging assays using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) ($ABTS^+$) radicals. In addition, the anti-diabetic effect of A. acerifolia extracts was tested via ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory assay. Furthermore, the total phenolic contents were determined using a spectrophotometric method. All the tested samples showed dose-dependent radical scavenging and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities. In particularly, the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory and radical scavenging properties of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble portion from the aerial parts of the A. acerifolia were higher than those of the other solvent-soluble portions. These results suggest that A. acerifolia could be considered a new potential source of natural antioxidants and antidiabetic ingredients. More systematic investigation of the aerial parts of A. acerifolia will be performed for the further development of anti-oxidative and antidiabetic drugs. 단풍취를 70% 에탄올로 침지 추출하여 얻어진 추출물에 대해 n-hexane, EtOAc 및n-BuOH로 순차 용매 분획하였고, 얻어진 결과물에 대하여 DPPH와 $ABTS^+$ radical 소거능 및 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해활성을 평가하였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 페놀성 화합물의 함량이 상대적으로 높은 EtOAc층에서 $IC_{50}$ 값이 $23.4{\pm}0.3mg/mL$으로 강한 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 확인하였고, 단풍취 추출물에 존재하는 페놀성 화합물과 라디칼 소거능과의 연관성을 시사하였다. 또한 $ABTS^+$ 라디칼 소거능은 EtOAc층의 $IC_{50}$ 값이 $19.9{\pm}2.3mg/mL$, n-BuOH층이 $IC_{50}$ 값이 $23.4{\pm}0.3mg/mL$의 우수한 라디칼 소거활성이 확인 되었고, 강한 활성물질의 존재가 시사되었다. 또한, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해활성을 측정한 결과, 강한 $ABTS^+$ 라디칼 소거능을 나타낸 EtOAc 층의 $IC_{50}$은 $103.4{\pm}1.0mg/mL$의 저해활성을 나타내었으며 이는 positive control인 acarbose에 비해 우수한 활성이었으며, 추출물 상태의 시료를 단일물질로 정제할 경우 더욱 강한 효능의 화합물이 존재할 가능성을 시사하였다. 향후 이들 활성물질 동정을 통한 활성 기작에 대한 연구가 필요하며 본 연구 결과는 보다 우수한 라디칼 소거능 및 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해능을 가지는 새로운 기능성 식품소재 발굴을 위한 기초자료로 활용가능하리라 사료된다.

납동위원소비 분석을 활용한 인용사지 출토 청동기의 원료 산지 연구

이은우,김소진,한우림,한민수,황진주,Lee, Eun Woo,Kim, So Jin,Han, Woo Rim,Han, Min Su,Hwang, Jin Ju 한국문화재보존과학회 2014 보존과학회지 Vol.30 No.4

인용사지에서 출토된 청동기 5점으로부터 채취한 시료를 대상으로 원료의 기원과 이동을 확인하기 위해 성분분석 및 납동위원소비 분석을 실시하였다. 인용사지에서 출토된 청동기는 구리 및 주석의 이원계 합금으로 제작되어 납이 인위적으로 첨가되지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 출토 청동기의 납동위원소비 분석 결과, Mabuchi(1985)의 분포도에 의해 한반도 남부 및 중국 남부 지역에 포함됨을 확인하였으며, 한반도 납동위원소 분포도에 도시하여 태백산분지인 Zone 2 및 옥천변성대에 해당하는 Zone 3에 위치함을 알 수 있었다. 대상 유물은 모두 납의 함량이 상당히 적은 주석청동으로, 이때의 납동위원소비는 구리 광석의 산지에서 기인하는 것으로 추정할 수 있다. 납동위원소비 분석은 납을 미량으로 포함한 모든 유물에 적용 가능하므로, 다양하게 해석할 수 있으며, 추가적인 데이터의 확보와 연구를 통해 산지 추정 연구의 신뢰성을 높일 수 있을 것이라 판단된다. Chemical and Pb isotope analysis were performed in order to determine the origin of bronze artefacts excavated from the Inyongsaji site in South Korea. The result of ICP-MS shows that they are tin bronzes in which lead was not intentionally added during production. Pb isotope data analyzed by TIMS are plotted in the southern region of Korea and China of the distribution map drawn by Mabuchi(1985). On the other hand, the identical isotope data are plotted in the Taebaek basin and the Olcheon metamorphic belt correspondent to zone2 and zone3 respectively. It is believed that the isotope data on the tin bronzes which have very low lead content can be used to trace the origin of copper ore rather than those of either lead or tin ore. Pb istope analysis allows diverse interpretation as it can be applied to any object containing trace amounts of lead. In addition, accumulation of isotope data as well as further studies will improve reliability of the provenance studies.

컴퓨터 단층 촬영 영상에서의 전이성 척추 종양의 정량적 분류를 위한 라디오믹스 기반의 머신러닝 기법

이은우,임상헌,전지수,강혜원,김영재,전지영,김광기,Lee, Eun Woo,Lim, Sang Heon,Jeon, Ji Soo,Kang, Hye Won,Kim, Young Jae,Jeon, Ji Young,Kim, Kwang Gi 대한의용생체공학회 2021 의공학회지 Vol.42 No.3

Currently, the naked eyes-based diagnosis of bone metastases on CT images relies on qualitative assessment. For this reason, there is a great need for a state-of-the-art approach that can assess and follow-up the bone metastases with quantitative biomarker. Radiomics can be used as a biomarker for objective lesion assessment by extracting quantitative numerical values from digital medical images. In this study, therefore, we evaluated the clinical applicability of non-invasive and objective bone metastases computer-aided diagnosis using radiomics-based biomarkers in CT. We employed a total of 21 approaches consist of three-classifiers and seven-feature selection methods to predict bone metastases and select biomarkers. We extracted three-dimensional features from the CT that three groups consisted of osteoblastic, osteolytic, and normal-healthy vertebral bodies. For evaluation, we compared the prediction results of the classifiers with the medical staff's diagnosis results. As a result of the three-class-classification performance evaluation, we demonstrated that the combination of the random forest classifier and the sequential backward selection feature selection approach reached AUC of 0.74 on average. Moreover, we confirmed that 90-percentile, kurtosis, and energy were the features that contributed high in the classification of bone metastases in this approach. We expect that selected quantitative features will be helpful as biomarkers in improving the patient's survival and quality of life.

한국인 해외취업자의 척추분리증의 방사선학적 고찰

이은우(Eun Woo Lee),강기서(Ki Ser Kang),장의찬(Eui Chan Jang) 대한정형외과학회 1986 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.21 No.5

주관적 계층의식과 지역 간 격차의 결정요인

이은우(Eun Woo Lee) 한국경제통상학회 2016 경제연구 Vol.34 No.4

본 연구에서는 주관적으로 조사된 계층의식 자료를 가지고 계층의식 결정요인에 대해 분석한다. ‘2015 사회조사(The 2015 Social Survey)’ 원시자료에는 각자가 생각하고 있는 계층을 상상, 상하, 중상, 중하, 하상, 하하 등 6개 중에서 하나를 선택하게 하고 있다. 이 계층의식을 종속변수, 사회경제적 변수를 독립변수로 하고 순서로짓(ordered logit) 모형을 사용하여 주관적 계층의식 결정함수를 추정하였다. 추정결과 학력과 소득수준이 높을수록 계층의식이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 다른 조건이 일정하다면 직업 중에서는 농어업에 종사하고, 도시보다는 농촌에 거주하는 사람의 계층의식이 보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 주관적 계층의식을 제일 낮은 단계(하하)부터 제일 높은 단계(상상)까지 1부터 6까지의 기수값으로 변환하여 도시와 농촌의 계층의식 정도를 6점 만점으로 계산하면 도시는 2.71, 농촌은 2.60으로 도시가 농촌보다 0.11 높다. 이것은 계층의식 결정함수의 추정결과와는 반대인데, 이런 현상이 발생한 이유는 계층의식 결정함수에서는 사회경제적 변수를 동시에 고려하였 는데, 도시거주자가 농촌거주자보다 학력이나 소득이 높은데 기인하는 것이다. Oaxaca요인분해법을 이용하여 계층의식 정도 격차의 요인분해를 하면 도시와 농촌 간 주관적 계층의식 격차의 대부분은 가구소득의 격차에 의한 것이고, 다음으로 교육수준의 격차에 의한 것이다. This study analyzes the determinants of class consciousness by using the survey data based on subjective definition of class. ‘The 2015 Social Survey’ gives 6 choices of class (Upper High, Lower High, Upper Middle, Lower Middle, Upper Low, Bottom Low). By using this class choices and the other socioeconomic variables, a subjective class consciousness function, based on the ordered logit model, is estimated. The results of estimation show that education level and income level have positive relationships with class consciousness. In addition, other things being equal, house ownership (compared with rental), married status (compared with unmarried, widowed, and divorced), agricultural and fishery sector (rather than the other sectors), and rural (rather than urban) residents showed higher class consciousness. If we transform the degree of subjective class consciousness into cardinal numbers from 1 (the lowest level) to 6 (the highest level), average score for the urban residents, 2.71 is greater than that of rural residents, 2.60. This is result is not consistent with the previous estimation results of subjective class consciousness function, The inconsistency between two results comes from the differences in explanatory variables of subjective class consciousness function, Urban residents usually have higher values in socioeconomic variables such as income and education levels than rural residents. Oaxaca factor decomposition shows that the differences in subjective class consciousness between urban and rural residents are mainly from household income differences and differences in education comes next.

농촌 도시간 인구이동의 실태와 영향

이은우(Eun Woo Lee) 한국노동경제학회 1993 勞動經濟論集 Vol.16 No.1

N/A

구약 성경의 본문과 문서의 역사 연구

이은우(Eun-Woo Lee) 대한성서공회 2015 성경원문연구 Vol.- No.37

The purpose of this study is to pay attention to Studies in the Text of Old Testament by Jean-Dominique Barthélemy which contributes greatly to the textual research of the Old Testament. This book deals with the history of textual criticism in detail from its origin in 9th century up to J. D. Michaelis, that is, up to the era of modern biblical criticism. Applying the research result of Dead Sea scrolls, he deals with major text critical issues in this study. With priority given to Tiberian masoretic texts, he pursues his studies on proto-Masoretic texts and pre-Masoretic texts in connection with various textual issues related with numerous manuscripts. He introduces text critical value of the early versions like the LXX, the Hexapla, the Vulgate, the Peshitta, the Targum and the Arabic versions, and how critical apparatuses should be constructed. This study has a point of excellence in paying attention to the history of textual and literary transmission from the ancient period of textual formation to the medieval period, and includes the transmission issues of text into the area of textual criticism. This study challenges established scholarship which focuses mainly on the literary or redactional criticism. This study, paying attention to Barthélemy’s new suggestions on the transmission history of the texts and consulting the arguments by van Seters, Carr, Tov, and Ulrich, presents a new direction of exploring the textual and literary history of texts considering the orality of the texts, the LXX, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the roles of editors who linked the gaps among them.

경골간부 골절과 동반된 동측슬관절 인대 손상

이은우(Eun Woo Lee),강수용(Soo Yong Kang),서정환(Jung Hwan Seo) 대한정형외과학회 1990 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.25 No.5