형사소송법 개정에 따른 경찰신문방법 변화방향

이윤(Yi Roon) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2007 경찰학연구 Vol.7 No.2

수사관의 용의자 면담유형과 수사관 개인차 변인의 관계

이윤(Yi Roon) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2016 경찰학연구 Vol.16 No.3

본 연구는 수사관의 용의자 면담유형이 수사관의 개인차 변인과 관련성이 있음을 확인하기 위한 것이다. 수사관 204명의 용의자 면담유형을 탐색형, 책략형, 사무형, 투우형으로 분류한 후, 용의자 면담유형과 수사관의 학력, 연령, 성별, 계급, 근무부서, 수사경력, 수사면담교육 이수기간, ‘사건해결 의욕’, ‘실체적 진실발견 의욕’ 간에 관련성이 있는지 살펴보았다. 결과적으로 고졸 이하 수사관들보다 대졸 이상 수사관들의 강압적 면담유형 비율이 더 높았고, 여성이 남성보다 더 정보수집형 면담의 비율이 높았으며, 연령은 탐색형>책략형>투우형>사무형 순으로 높았고, ‘수사완결성향’은 탐색형>책략형>사무형>투우형 순으로 높았다. 즉 구분된 면담유형과 통계적으로 유의미한 관련성이 있는 수사관의 개인차 변인은 연령, 학력, 성별이었고, 수사관들의 수사완결성향도 면담유형별로 차이가 있었다. This study is for the examination on the relationship between investigator’s suspect-interview style and investigator’s individual difference variables. 204 investigators were classified into 4 suspect-interview styles as exploration, artifice, business, bullfight by survey. Then it was examined statistically whether there was relationship between suspect-interview style and individual difference variables like level of education, age, gender, rank, work unit, investigative experience, training period of investigative interviewing, ‘the desire for settling a case’, ‘the desire for finding of substantial truth’. In result the rate of dominant style in college graduate investigator group was higher than in less high school group, the rate of information gathering style in female group was higher than male group. The order of age was exploration>artifice>bullfight> business, and the order of ‘Tendency of Completing Investigation(TCI)’ was exploration > artifice > business > bullfight. Namely, Suspect-interview styles related significantly with investigator’s individual difference variables as age, level of education, and gender. And Investigators ‘TCI’ was different significantly among interview styles.

한국 경찰의 수사면담 교육 변화과정과 개선을 위한 제언

이윤 ( Roon Yi ) 한국경찰법학회 2012 경찰법연구 Vol.10 No.1

Korean investigation agencies attached importance to the acquisition of confession in investigative interviewing of suspect before 2004. This inclination made it possible that though a suspect denied his guilty due to his innocence, detective would have confirmation bias then coerced the suspect psychologically so the suspect would confess falsely. And because of the regulation that in the case of interview with suspect the written statement must be made, it looks like that investigative interviewing is conducted for the written statements. In addition that there was no strategy for the investigative interviewing. Then the concern for investigative interviewing was increased after 1994, and the Korea Police Investigation Academy (KPIA) introduced PEACE model and Reid technique since 2004. Electronic recording rooms were installed all over the nation in 2007. So the needs for the training of investigative interviewing and electronically recorded interview were increased in 2006, then ``electronic recording course`` was started formally in KPIA that year. The course was extended to 2-week ``interview and interrogation technique specialized course`` in 2010, and 4-week ``investigative interviewing specialized course`` in 2012. But there have been no study measuring the effect of training on investigators. However it is probable to assume that the behaviour of investigators has not changed so much. I think that it is due to the written statement compelled by law, excessive criminal case work load, absence of incentive. For the appropriate investigative interviewing I suggest that new investigative interviewing guide should be made, and all policemen should be trained with that guide by degrees in the future.

목적과 태도 차원을 기준으로 한 수사관의 용의자 면담유형 분류

이윤(Yi Roon),조은경(Jo Eun Kyung) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2015 경찰학연구 Vol.15 No.1

According to the studies on investigative interviewing since early 1990s, the desirable suspect-interview is the humane, ethical, and scientific ‘Investigative Interviewing’ in which ‘rapport building’ and ‘open-ended question’ are main elements. In order to the training and management for investigators to do proper investigative interviewing, the assessment of each investigators’ methods and tactics in suspect-interview should precede them. This study have an intention to the classification of investigators’ suspect-interview styles in four groups with two dimensions(goal and manner). In this study, investigators’ suspect-interview styles were classified into 4 styles by cross-linking of 2 dimensions. One is ‘goal dimension’(confession obtaining vs. information gathering), the other is ‘manner dimension’ (humanitarian vs. dominant). Suspect-interview styles could be classified into 4 styles as exploration(information gathering + humanitarian), artifice(confession obtaining + humanitarian), business(information gathering + dominant), bullfight(confession obtaining + dominant) by crossing two dimensions. And this model was named CHID model that was the acronym for two dimensions. In order to verify the possibility of this 4-style classification, all statements and questions of investigators in 41 real suspect-interview videos were coded among 41 interview tactics, then the values of two dimensions were found by the frequencies of tactics, and the values were marked on each quadrant. In result all suspect-interviews were classified into 4 styles as 12 exploration styles(29.3%), 8 artifice styles(19.5%), 9 business styles(22.0%), 12 bullfight styles(29.3%). There was a positive relationship between two dimension values of classification criterion, but they were independent on each other. This study has significance in that investigators’ suspect-interviews are included widely by making criteria that can classify each investigators’ interview styles into 4 styles unlike previous binary classification. And the CHID model can help further studies on suspect interview methods and tactics as a way of preliminary data collection.

진술분석(SCAN) 기법 중 ‘대명사의 부적절한 사용’ 준거에 대한 타당성 연구

이윤(Yi, Roon) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2017 경찰학연구 Vol.17 No.2

범죄수사에서 진술의 신빙성을 확인하는 진술분석 방법 중 SCAN 기법은 13개의 준거를 사용하여 진술 내에서 생략되거나 꾸며진 부분을 찾는 것이다. 그런데 영어권 국가에서 개발된 SCAN 준거들 중 ‘대명사의 부적절한 사용’은 한국어가 갖는 특징 때문에 한국어 진술에는 그대로 적용하기 어려울 것이다. 대명사와 관련된 한국어의 특징은 대명사를 잘 사용하지 않는 경향, 주어나 목적어 등 성분의 빈번한 생략, “질문-대답” 대화구조에서 인칭대명사의 생략이 대량으로 존재, ‘나’와 ‘우리’의 혼용, 소유대명사의 부존재이다. 실제 범죄사건에서 작성된 진술서 20건을 분석한 결과 진실한 진술서와 거짓 진술서 간에 주격대명사의 사용과 생략 정도 및 소유격 대명사가 사용된 정도는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 소유격 대명사가 생략된 정도는 거짓 진술서에서 진실한 진술서보다 더 많았다. Among the statement analysis methods that confirm the credibility of the statement in the crime investigation, the SCAN technique uses 13 criteria to find the omitted or fabricated parts in the statement. Among the SCAN criteria developed in the English speaking countries, ‘improper use of pronouns’ will be difficult to apply to the Korean language because it is different from English. In Korean, pronouns are not so often used, and the components such as subject and object are frequently omitted, and the abbreviation of personal pronoun is abundant in the “question-answer” dialogue structure, “I” and “we” are mixed, and there is no possessive pronoun. The analysis of the 20 statements made in the actual crime cases showed no difference in the use and abbreviation of the pronouns between true and false statements, and there was no difference in the degree of use of possessive pronouns. But the degree to which the possessive pronoun was omitted was greater in the false statements than in the true statements.

수사관의 용의자 면담유형과 수사완결성향 간 관계

이윤(Yi, Roon) 경찰대학 범죄수사연구원 2015 범죄수사학연구 Vol.1 No.1

최면에 의한 목격자진술의 증거가치 향상을 위한 제언

이윤(Yi, Roon) 경찰대학 범죄수사연구원 2016 범죄수사학연구 Vol.2 No.2

용의자 수사면담유형 평가척도의 개발

이윤(Roon Yi) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2016 경찰학연구 Vol.16 No.1

수사관들의 용의자 면담유형은 목적과 태도 차원을 기준으로 4개(탐색형, 책략형, 사무형, 투우형)로 구분될 수 있다. 본 연구는 수사관들이 4개의 면담유형 중 어디에 해당하는지 평가하기 위한 자기 보고식 척도를 개발하고 그 타당도를 검증하기 위해 수행되었다. 척도 개발을 위해 이전 연구들에 의한 용의자 면담 전략을 상황에 맞게 변경하였고, 수사관들로 하여금 자신의 행태와 얼마나 일치하는지 응답하게 하였다. 수사관 204명의 응답에 대해 탐색적 및 확인적 요인분석을 한 결과 4개의 요인이 추출되었으며, 요인에 포함된 문항들을 수사면담유형 평가척도(SIIS)로 명명하였다. 이 척도의 구성타당도는 부분적으로 확보되었다. 이 척도는 수사관이 바람직한 면담을 할 수 있도록 교육하고 관리하는 데 사용될 수 있다. Investigators’ suspect-interview styles were classified into 4 styles by cross-linking with 2 dimensions. One dimension was ‘goal of interview’(confession obtaining vs. information gathering), the other was ‘manner of investigator’(humanitarian vs. dominant). 4 styles were exploration(information gathering + humanitarian), artifice(confession obtaining + humanitarian), business(information gathering + dominant), bullfight(confession obtaining + dominant). This study was performed for development of self-report scale with which each investigators could be assessed where they were belong to among 4 suspect-interview styles. This scale was transformed from the tactics in previous studies in order that investigators could respond how much those were correspond with their behaviors in suspect-interviews. 204 investigators responded survey. After exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, 4 factors were extracted and verified. The scale was named SIIS(Scale of Investigative Interviewing Style). SIIS was made so that it could be used for inducing investigators to do desirable suspect-interview by training and management. And the CHID model and SIIS can help further studies on suspect-interview methods and tactics as ways of preliminary data collection.

수사 절차상 訊問과정의 영상녹화 필요성과 영상녹화에 대한 경찰수사관들의 태도

이윤(Yi Roon) 한림대학교 법학연구소 2009 한림법학 FORUM Vol.20 No.-

수사절차상 신문과정에 대한 영상녹화의 필요성은 수사절차의 투명화를 통한 인권침해 예방, 조사시간 단축, 수사관의 진술청취 기법 향상, 진술 내용과 의미의 정확한 전달 등이다. 한국경찰은 2007년에 전국적으로 영상녹화를 시작하여 현재까지 거의 3년 정도 운영하고 있으나, 한국의 수사관들은 영국이나 미국의 수사관들과 달리 영상녹화 하는 것을 별로 좋아하지 않는다. 이 연구에서는 경찰 수사관들을 상대로 설문조사하여 영상녹화에 대한 태도를 조사하였다. 조사결과 수사관들은 영상녹화에 대해 낮은 선호도를 보였다. 그러나 행동분석을 학습한 수사관들은 그렇지 않는 수사관들보다 높은 선호도를 보였다. 그리고 높은 선호도를 보인 수사관들은 실적에 의한 강요가 없어도 영상녹화를 하겠다고 응답하였고, 영상녹화를 할 경우 조서를 작성하지 않아도 된다고 하면 더 많은 영상녹화를 하겠다고 응답했다. '영상녹화가 수사에 도움이 된다고 생각하는가'라는 물음에 대해서는 강력팀과 여성청소년계가 경제팀과 지능팀보다 더 도움이 된다고 응답하였다. 이런 태도들을 통해 영상녹화를 활성화하는 데 필요한 다음의 사항들을 도출할 수 있다. 먼저 영상녹화의 목적과 유용성에 대한 교육을 확대할 것이 요구된다. 둘째, 경찰의 실적평가 시스템을 개선하여 영상녹화가 형식적으로 수행되지 않도록 해야 한다. 셋째, 영상녹화를 할 경우에는 조서를 작성하지 않아도 되도록 형사소송법을 개정할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 녹화조사실을 증설할 경우에는 강력팀과 여성청소년계에 우선적으로 설치한다. 향후 연구에서는 더 많은 수사관들로부터 데이터를 수집하여 연구결과의 일반화 가능성을 높일 필요가 있고, 종속변인에 대한 새로운 측정방법을 개발하여 수사관의 태도를 더욱 정확히 측정할 것이 요망된다. The necessity of the video recording of investigative interviewing is the prevention of human right's violation through the transparency of the investigative procedure, reduction of the investigation time, improvement in the techniques on the investigators' hearing of the statements, exact communication of the statement's contents and meaning, etc. The Korean National Police Agency started video recording in 2007. But unlike the detectives in UK and US, Korean detectives have low preference for video recording though they have experienced for about 3 years. The attitudes of police detectives toward video recording was surveyed in this study. Detectives showed low preference for the video recording. But the detectives who have learned the behavior analysis showed higher preference than those who haven't. And the detectives who showed higher preference answered that they would conduct video recording regardless of evaluative pressure, and they would conduct video recording more if the written document of statements could be dropped in the case of video recording. The degree of perception that the video recording is useful to the investigation is higher from the felony crime team and women & juvenile team than the two kinds of white-collar crime teams. As a result of these attitudes, we can come up with following demands for the vitalization of the video recording. More education is needed regarding the purpose and usefulness of video recording of investigative interviewing. The evaluative system in the police needs to be changed so that video recordings are not superficially carried out. Revision of criminal procedure law is needed so that when video recording itself could be submitted without written statements. And if the video recording room will be established more, it should be built in the felony crime team and women & juvenile team first. In the future study data should be collected from more detectives, and the better measurement for the depending variables needs to be developed.

우리나라 지역경찰의 치안활동 연구

조병인(Byung In CHO),이윤(Yi Roon),홍서아,임보영 한국형사법무정책연구원 2011 형사정책연구원 연구총서 Vol.- No.-