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Comparative study of Ecological Risk Assessment : Deriving Soil Ecological Criteria
이우미,김신웅,정승우,안윤주,Lee, Woo-Mi,Kim, Shin Woong,Jeong, Seung-Woo,An, Youn-Joo Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment 2012 지하수토양환경 Vol.17 No.5
The purpose of ecological risk assessment in soil ecosystem is to protect ecological receptors and to provide a scheme of efficient management for soil contaminants. Developed countries have already prepared the methodologies of ecological risk assessment by considering their soil properties, land use, and ecological receptors. In this study, we compared the soil ecological risk assessment processes in the similarity and differences in methodology. Four countries, except for USA, adjusted the toxicological data for ecological risk assessment, based on their representative soil properties because the soil properties affect toxic effects to ecological receptors. The soil ecological risk assessment methodology of Netherlands and UK was based on 'Technical guidance document on risk assessment (TGD)' of European Chemical Bureau (ECB). Australia, USA, and Canada developed their autonomous methodology. In the Netherlands, UK, Australia, and Canada, they employed the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach if sufficient toxicity data are available. The USA determined the ecological soil screening level by obtaining the geometric mean of toxicological data for three species. Furthermore, all countries consider secondary poisoning in their soil ecological risk assessment. The latest risk assessment methodology of soil ecosystem that this study investigated can be used to explore what Korea needs to develop the Korean ecological risk assessment methodology of soil ecosystem in the future.
이우미(Woo Mi Lee),이주행(Ju Haeng Lee),손진희(Jin Hee Son),김일호(Il Ho Kim),박재로(Jae Roh Park),김광수(Kwang Soo Kim) 大韓環境工學會 2013 대한환경공학회지 Vol.35 No.8
방음패널의 차음특성은 재료의 면밀도와 소음의 주파수와 높은 상관관계가 있으므로 방음패널의 두께 및 재료의 선택에 있어 실제 도로소음의 특성을 반영하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 재료의 경량 및 시공측면에서 수요가 증가하고 있는 플라스틱 소재 중 방음패널로 활용 가능한 소재를 선정하여 도로교통 소음의 주파수에 따른 차음특성을 평가하였다. 대상 패널은 물리적 특성을 조사하여 효율성 및 경제성 평가를 통해 polypropylene (PP)과 high-density polyethylene (HDPE)를 선정하였고 현재 방음패널의 재료로 사용되고 있는 polycarbonate (PC)와 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)와의 재료 및 두께에 따른 차음특성을 비교하였다. 그 결과 방음패널의 차음특성은 재료의 면밀도에 비례하여 PC, PMMA, HDPE, 그리고 PP순으로 높은 투과손실치를 나타내었다. 두께별 차음특성의 경우, 방음패널 두께에 비례하여 투과손실이 증가하나 일치효과로 인해 투과손실이 감소하는 주파수가 낮아짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 저감하고자 하는 소음의 주파수대역을 먼저 파악하고 방음패널의 재질과 두께에 따른 주파수별 차음특성을 파악하여 적용한다면 효과적으로 소음을 저감할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. It is widely known that the sound insulation of soundproof panel is highly correlated to two factors, surface density of material and the frequency of noise. Accordingly, the character of traffic noise released in actual situation is important requisite for determining thickness to determine surface density and material of soundproof panel. This present study selected polymer panel with advantage of light weight and workability and evaluates according to frequency of traffic noise. Polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were selected as subjects based on economic valuation and efficiency. The sound transmission loss of selected polymer panels were compared with the currently used panels such as polycarbonate (PC) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) depending on thickness and materials. As a result, PC showed the highest sound transmission loss followed by PMMA, HDPE, and PP in range of mass law. In terms of acoustic performance on thickness, the transmission loss increased with thickness of soundproof panel meanwhile coincidence dip was observed in lower frequency where had reduced transmission loss. Therefore, it is suggested that after determining target frequency, the kind of materials and thickness of soundproof panel need to be designed so that traffic noise can be more efficiently reduced.
발광박테리아 Vibrio fischeri를 이용한 과불화합물과 중금속의 복합독성평가
이우미(Woo Mi Lee),김지성(Ji Sung Kim),김일호(Il Ho Kim),김석구(Seog Ku Kim),윤영한(Young Han Yoon) 大韓環境工學會 2014 대한환경공학회지 Vol.36 No.2
본 연구에서는 과불화합물(PFOA, PFOS)과 수계에 보편적으로 존재하는 중금속(Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb, Hg)의 복합독성을Vibrio fischeri를 이용하여 평가하였다. PFOA와 PFOS의 경우, 30 min-EC50값이 각각 134.21 (119.54-150.68)와 235.97 (180.96-307.70) mg/L로 PFOS 보다는 PFOA의 독성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 한편 중금속류의 독성은 Hg2+의 독성이 가장 높았으며, 이어서 Pb2+, Cr6+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ 순으로 높은 독성민감도를 나타냈다. 과불화합물류와 중 금속류의 복합독성의 경우, PFOA와 PFOS 모두 Cr6+과 공존할 시 상승효과가 나타났으며, PFOA + Zn2+, PFOS + Zn2, PFOA + Cd2+, PFOS + Cd2+의 조합은 상가효과를 나타냈다. 이외의 복합물질은 모두 길항작용을 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 과불화합물인 PFOA, PFOS와중금속 복합물질들의 조합에 따른 상호작용이 상이함을 확인하였고 이 결과로부터 과불화합물과 중금속 공존할 때 수환경에 야기할 수 있는 잠재적 위해성을 예측할 수 있다. The object of this study was to evaluate the combined toxic interactions of the perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or per-fluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with six heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg, and Pb). The individual and combined toxic effects wereassessed using the Vibrio fischeri assay. In case of the individual toxicity, PFOA was higher toxic than PFOS and toxicity of PFOA and PFOS were lower than heavy metal. In the toxicity of heavy metals, the Hg2+ was found to be most toxic followed byPb2+, Cr6+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+. The combined toxicity of PFOA or PFOS with Cr6+ were synergistic effect because the EC50mixvalues were less than 1 TU. PFOA + Zn2+, PFOS + Zn2+, PFOA + Cd2+ and PFOS + Cd2+ produced addictive effect. Except in these case, all of binary mixtures show antagonistic effect. This study proved potential risk of coexistent with perfluorinated compounds and heavy metals in water environment.
이우미 ( Woo Mi Lee ),안윤주 ( Youn Joo An ) 한국하천호수학회(구 한국육수학회) 2011 생태와 환경 Vol.44 No.4
With its recent advances, nanotechnology is now being applied to various areas. Despite the benefits of nanoparticles, their risk in the environment has caused controversy, which is now becoming an international issue. Nanoparticles can easily infiltrate into cells, accumulate in biota, and may cause adverse effects in the levels of molecules, cells and organisms, and in the community. If nanoparticles are released into the environment, they can be transferred to organisms in the ecosystem, and eventually to the human body through the food chain. In this study, the research trend of the trophic transfer of nanoparticles in the food chain was investigated. Although a few investigations have been conducted regarding this topic, the trophic transfer of nanoparticles is becoming a significant issue in the area of nanotoxicology due to the potential risk to humans via the biomagnification process. While previous studies have demonstrated evidence of the trophic transfer of nanoparticles intensive future studies are needed to provide further information on the properties of nanomaterials, the exposure media, and the in vivo mechanisms such as uptake, accumulation, and depuration.
친환경 유기농자재에 사용 가능한 첨가제 및 추출제 평가
이우미 ( Woo Mi Lee ),윤성지 ( Sung Ji Yoon ),안윤주 ( Youn Joo An ) 한국응용생명화학회(구 한국농화학회) 2013 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.56 No.2
본 연구는 국내외에서 친환경유기농자재로 허용하고 있는 보조제 및 추출제 종류 및 세부사용조건을 분석 및 평가하여 허용 조건을 제안하였다. Potassium hydroxide와 발효 ethyl alcohol은 국제적으로 친환경유기농자재의 추출제로서 허용되고 있고, 미국 환경청 (US EPA)에서 규정하고 있는 inert ingredient list4에 해당하는 물질은 작물생산 보조제로서 사용되고 있다. This study reviewed the adjuvants or extractants used in environment-friendly organic agro-materials used in a range of advanced countries or institutes. We observed that potassium hydroxide and fermented ethyl alcohol are generally acceptable extractants, and the inert ingredient list 4 of United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) is applicable for crop production adjuvants.