翁方綱이 추사금석학 형성에 미친 영향

이승연(Lee, Seung Yeon) 한국서예학회 2016 서예학연구 Vol.29 No.-

한국금석학의 역사에서 가장 주목해야할 일은 19세기에 있었던 한·중 금석탁본의 교류와 연구이다. 이 시기는 청조를 방문했던 많은 문인들과 역관들에 의해 금석학자들의 적극적인 학문적 교류가 확대되었고, 이를 계기로 금석문을 연구대상으로 삼 고자 하는 학풍이 생겨나기 시작한 시점으로, 그 중심에 覃溪 翁方綱(1733~1818)과 秋史 金正喜(1786~1856)가 있었다. 특히 이 두 학자간의 직접적인 만남과 교류는 韓中의 금석탁본을 서로 교환하고 분석하면서 자연스럽게 추사금석학을 탄생하 게 하는 결과를 낳았다. 조선의 18세기 후반과 경화지역은 청대의 학문과 예술에 대해 관심이 증폭된 시기로, 추사는 1809년 10월 24세에 司馬試에 합격하여 生員이 되면서 아버지 김노경이 冬至副使로 연경에 갈때 子弟軍官의 자격으로 함께 중국에 가게 되어 40일간 머무르며 계획적이고 체계적인 공부를 하게 되었다. 이 짧은 기간동안 옹방강을 비롯한 曹江(?~?) ․ 徐松(1781-1848) · 阮元(1764~1849) ․ 朱鶴年(1760-1834) ․ 李鼎元(1749-?) ․ 李林松(?-?) 등과 만나면서 시서화는 물론 청조고증학을 받아 들이는 창구를 만들어 놓았고, 귀국후에도 이들과의 지속적인 교류를 유지하면서 새로운 학문에 대한 열망으로 추사금석학을 체계화시켰다. 특히 옹방강은 당시 최고의 학자로 조선의 젊은 청년과의 만남이 쉽지 않았으나 추사의 스승인 朴齊家(1750~1805)의 소개편지로 귀한 만남의 시간을 가질 수 있었으며, 이러한 인연으로 옹방강의 서재인 石墨書樓에서 중국의 귀중한 탁본진본과 서화진적을 볼 수 있었던 행운의 기회를 얻을 수 있었다. 이러한 경험은 추사로 하여금 금석학과 고증학에 전념하는 큰 계기가 되었으며, 귀국 후에도 종종 서신을 나누면서 금석문을 분석하는 방법과 고증하는 과정, 제발, 쌍구의 체제를 지도 받았다. 당시 조선은 금석학 분야의 심도 있는 연구보다는 금석문을 서법연마의 자료로 활용하거나, 탁본을 통해 완상의 대상으로 삼았던 게 전부였으나 추사가 금석학의 체계를 세운 이후부터 금석문을 학문의 대상으로 삼아 체계적인 연구를 하면서 고 증과 분석을 하는 작업이 활발히 진행되어 여러 학자들에 의해 많은 성과가 있었다. 따라서 탁본첩의 제작이나 금석문 목록집의 편찬에서 더 나아가 금석문의 내용에 관해 釋文을 하고, 그 역사적인 유래와 의미, 서체를 연구하기 시작하면서 독립된 학문으로서의 체계를 갖추게 된 것이다. 따라서 목록집의 경우에도 단순히 비석의 위치나 명칭을 기록하는데서 더 나아가 건립 시기를 추정하고 간략한 해제를 첨가하는 데까지 나아가게 되었으며, 題跋文, 서예작품, 쌍구작품 등의 형태로도 분석결과를 남기게 되어 한국서예사 발전에도 큰 영향을 미쳤다. The most noticable thing in history of Korean epigraphy is study and exchange of Korean and Chinese epigraphy in 19th century. In this time, social intercourse with epigrapher was enlarged by many literator and interpreter who visited the Ching dynasty and academic tradition trying to study epigraphy started to appear with this as a momentum. And there were Dam-gye Eong-bang-gang (覃溪翁方綱, 1733~1818) and Chu-sa Kim-Jeong-hee (秋史金正喜, 1786~1856) in the center of that. The interchange between these two scholars led to the birth of Chu-sa s epigraphy by intercourse between Korean and Chinese epigraphic rubbing and calligraphic effect. Kyung-hwa region of the late 18th century had a lots of interest in study and art of Ching dynasty. Chu-sa passed Sa-ma-si in October 24, 1809 and became saeng-won. He went to China for 40 days as child officer and studied systematically when his father, Kim No Kyung went to Yanjing as Dong-ji-bu-sa. In this short period, Chu-sa met Eong-bang-gang ․ Jo-gang (曹江, ?~?) ․ Seo-song(徐松, 1781-1848) · Wan-won (阮元, 1764~1849) ․ Ju-hak-yeon (朱鶴年, 1760-1834) ․ Lee-jeong-won (李鼎元, 1749-?) ․ Lee-im-song (李林松, ?-?) and made a window for accepting the study of ancient documents of Ching dynasty as well as poem, writing and painting. After coming back, he maintained continuous intercourse with them and systematized the epigraphy of Chu-sa with an enthusiasm to the new study. Especially, it was not easy to meet young man in Joseon as Eong-bang-gang was the greatest scholar in Ching dynasty but he met Chu-sa thanks to the introduction letter of Park-je-ga (朴齊家, 1750~1805) who was a teacher of Chu-sa. Also, he could luckily have a chance to see Chinese precious original copy of rubbing and real relics. It was a great opportunity for Chu-sa to concentrate on epigraphy and the study of the ancient, so they often sent letters to each other to learn the method of analyzing epigraph and studying historical evidence and system of Jebal and Ssang-gu. At that time, scholars of Joseon could only just use epigraph as a material of polishing writing style rather than intensive study on epigraph and regard an epigraph as appreciating object by rubbing. But, after Chu-sa systemize an epigraph, studying and analyzing epigraph systematically paid off by many scholars. So, they systemized epigraph as independent study as doing Jebal about epigraph and studying its historical origin, meaning and font making a headway from making rubbing book and lists of epigraph. Therefore, in case of lists of epigraph, they not only just write location or name of stone but estimate the contruction period and adding brief explanation so it had a great effect on developing Korean calligraphy history leaving the work of Jebal, calligraphic work and Ssang-gu work.

참나무 5종의 생태 복원 적지 추정을 위한 경제림 육성단지의 기후와 입지 요인 분석

이승연,김의주,이응필,조규태,박재훈,이영근,정상훈,홍용식,박진희,최승세,김해란,유영한,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Kim, Eui-Joo,Lee, Eung-Pill,Cho, Kyu-Tae,Park, Jae-Hoon,Lee, Young-Keun,Chung, Sang-Hoon,Hong, Yong-Sik,Park, Jin-Hee,Choi, Seung-Se,Kim 한국하천호수학회 2020 생태와 환경 Vol.53 No.4

The most important thing to successfully restore an oak forest is finding suitable climatic conditions and topographic factors for the oak species to be introduced. In this study, in order to find suitable environmental conditions for the five dominant oak trees on the Korean Peninsula, we carried out analysing the information on the location of forest vegetation on the Korean Peninsula. The range of annual mean temperature of the five oak trees was narrow in the order of Q. mongolica (7.7~14.3℃), Q. variabilis (9.2~13.8℃), Q. acutissima (10.5~14.3℃), Q. serrata (11.4~13.7℃), Q. aliena (11.0~12.9℃). The range of annual precipitation of oaks was narrow in order of Q. mongolica (1072.7~1780.9 mm), Q. variablis (1066.6~1554.9 mm), Q. acustissima (1036.5~1504.8 mm), Q. serrata (1062.6~1504.7 mm). The range of altitude was in order of Q. mongolica (147~1388m), Q. serrata (93~950m), Q. variabilis(90~913m), Q. acustissima (60~516m), Q. aliena (55~465 m). The range of slope was in the order of Q. mongolica (8~56°), Q. variabilis(5~52°), Q. serrata (11~45°), Q. aliena (15~38°), Q. acustissima (16~37°). These results are considered to be very useful in the case of ecological restoration using deciduous oak trees on the Korean Peninsula.

하천 수위예측 알고리즘 개발 - 비정형 자료의 활용성 제고

이승연,유형주,이승오,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Yu, Hyeong-Ju,Lee, Seung-O 한국수자원학회 2020 물과 미래(한국수자원학회지) Vol.53 No.5

소아의 Helicobacter pylori 감염에 있어서 위내시경 소견의 진단적 의의와 CLO 및 HpKit 검사의 검출률

이승연,유지형,정기섭,Lee, Seung Yeon,Yoo, Ji Hyung,Chung, Ki Sup 대한소아청소년과학회 2002 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.45 No.4

목 적 : 신속 요소분해효소 검사는 H. pylori 감염 진단에 있어서 위내시경 검사가 시행되는 병원에서 우선적으로 시행되는 검사이다. 또한 위내시경상 검사상 결절성 위염을 보이는 경우 H. pylori 감염 빈도 가 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 위내시경 소견인 결절성 위염의 진단적 의의와 신속 요소분해 효소 검사인 CLO 및 HpKit 검사의 양성 반응 시간별 검출률을 전향적으로 비교 분석하였다. 방 법: 1999년 7월부터 2000년 5월까지 연세대학교 세브란스병원 소아과에서 상복부 동통을 주소로 위내시경 검사를 시행받은 환아 212례를 대상으로 위전정부, 위체부에서 각각 3회씩 조직 생검을 시행하였고 각각 1조각씩 CLO 검사, HpKit 검사 및 조직 검사에 이용하였다. CLO 및 HpKit 검사는 생검조직의 양성 반응 시간을 각각 15분, 30분, 1시간, 2시간, 3시간, 24시간에 따라 나누어 판독하였고, 24시간 이후는 CLO 검사의 경우 6일째까지, HpKit 검사의 경우 5일째까지 판독하였다. 생검 조직의 Hematoxylineeosin 염색 또는 Alcian-yellow 염색을 기준지표로 하여 결절성 위염, CLO 및 HpKit 검사의 예민도, 특이도, 양성기대치 및 음성기대치를 구하였다. 결 과: 일반적 판정 기준 시간인 3시간째 판정한 CLO 검사의 진단적 예민도는 68.4%, 특이도는 100%였고, HpKit 검사는 위전정부 및 위체부에서 시행한 경우 진단 예민도는 모두 65.8%, 특이도는 100%였으며, CLO 및 HpKit 검사의 예민도와 특이도 사이에 유의한 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). CLO 검사와 HpKit 검사에서 검체와의 반응 후 시간 경과에 따른 양성률은 CLO 검사의 경우 24시간 경과시에는 예민도와 특이도가 각각 73.7% 및 99.4%로 특이도에 큰 변화 없이 예민도가 점차 증가하였고, 144시간(6일)째에도 특이도는 94.8%로 다소 감소하였으나 예민도는 89.5%로 3시간이나 24시간째와 비교하여 현저히 높아짐을 알 수 있었다. HpKit 검사는 위전정부의 경우(HpKit-A) 24시간 경과시 예민도는 68.4%로 3시간 경과시에 비하여 3% 정도 증가하였으나 특이도는 91.4%로 9% 정도 감소하였고, 120시간(5일) 경과시는 예민도는 86.8%로 증가하였으나 특이도는 59.2%로 현저히 감소하였다. 위체부의 경우(HpKit-B) 24시간 경과시 예민도는 3시간 경과시에 비하여 65.8%로 변화가 없었으나 특이도는 97.1%로 3% 정도 감소하였고, 120시간(5일) 경과시는 예민도는 84.2%로 증가하였으나 특이도는 77.0%로 현저히 감소하였다. 또한 24시간 경과시 위전정부와 위체부의 예민도는 각각 68.4% 및 65.8%로 비슷하였으나 특이도는 각각 91.4% 및 97.1%로 위체부의 특이도가 전정부보다 높았다. 내시경 소견상 결절성 위염의 H. pylori 감염의 예민도와 특이도는 각각 78.9% 및 93.7%로 CLO 검사 및 HpKit 검사보다 예민도는 더 높고 특이도는 비슷하였다. 결 론: CLO 검사와 HpKit 검사는 3시간 이내에 신속히 판정을 요구하는 경우 매우 예민하고 특이도가 우수한 검사 방법이나 소아의 경우 3시간째의 예민도가 너무 낮기 때문에 CLO 검사는 6일 지나서 판정함으로서 높은 예민도를 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한 결절성 위염의 위내시경 소견은 신속 요소분해효소 검사가 유용하지 않을 경우 H. pylori 감염을 진단할 수 있는 좋은 지표가 될 것으로 사료된다. Purpose : We performed this study to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of endoscopic finding of nodular gastritis, CLO and HpKit test for H. pylori infection in children. Methods : Gastroduodenal endoscopy and mucosal biopsy were performed on 212 children who visited our hospital between Jul. 1999 and May 2000 due to abdominal pain. We performed CLO and HpKit test for H. pylori with the time interval of 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours. Histological examination of H. pylori was made by H-E or Alcian yellow stain with biopsy specimens. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive value of nodular gastritis, CLO and HpKit test were calculated from the analysis of above data. Results : Sensitivity and specificity of 3 hour-CLO test was 68.4% and 100% respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of 3 hour-HpKit test was 65.8% and 100% respectively. No significant difference in sensitivity and specificity was found between in 3 hour-CLO and HpKit test(P>0.05). Sensitivity of CLO test increased as time lapsed, but corresponding specificity did not decrease as time lapsed(sensitivity and specificity at 144 hours : 89.5% and 94.8% respectively). However, sensitivity of HpKit test increased as time lapsed, but specificity markedly decreased. Sensitivity and specificity of the nodular gastritis was 78.9% and 93.7% respectively. Conclusion : Both CLO and HpKit test have relatively low sensitivity and specificity for the detection of H. pylori in 3 hours of testing in children. The endoscopic finding of nodular gastritis is another good standard in the diagnosis of H. pylori infection in children.

목과(木瓜) 추출물이 항알레르기 및 항산화 작용에 미치는 영향

이승연,Lee, Seung-Yeon 대한한방소아과학회 2010 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the antiallergic and antioxidative effects of Chaenomeles Sinensis (CS). Methods CS pretreatments inhibited anti-DNP IgE in RBL-2H3 mast cells for an hour. we measured cell viability, $\beta$-hexosaminidase release, IL-4, TNF-$\alpha$ secretion, and IL-4, TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA expression CS pretreatments inhibited DNP-HSA($10\;{\mu}g/ml$) for ten minutes, we measured Dicholrodihydrofluorescein(DCF) and DPPH radical-scavenging activity in 0.5 mM 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrydrazyl(DPPH) radical solution, 0.1ml, 99% ethanol 0.8ml, and CS 0.1 ml mixed solution. Results 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mg/ml CS treatments were not affect on cell viability and inhibited b-hexosaminidase release, IL-4, TNF-$\alpha$ secretion, CS treatments also decreased IL-4, TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA expression in RBL-2H3 cells. CS treatments inhibited reactive oxygen species(ROS) and DPPH radical-scavenging activity. Conclusions These results suggest that CS may be useful for the prevention or treatment of allergic disease.

발통점(發通點)을 이용(利用)한 두통(頭痛) 치험례(治驗例) 보고(報告)

이승연,김장현,Lee Seung-Yeon,Kim Jang-Hyun 대한한방소아과학회 1998 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Myofascial pain syndrome is one of the pain syndrome resulted from myofascia which covered muscles and clinically characteristic feature by sensitive trigger point in skeletal muscles and referred pain reactivated by stimulating each trigger point. The origin of headache are local lesion such as head, chest, abdominal organ, systemic lesion with fever or in toxic state. the other factors are consciousness, personality, anxiety, depression, which cause muscle strain in physiological environment. The Oriental Medical therapy for headache has herb medication and acupuncture. especially acupuncture therapy has not only classical systemic acupuncture(體鍼) but also neo-acupuncture(新鍼) such as commonly using auricular acupuncture(耳鍼) and manual acupuncture (手鍼), recently trigger point acupuncture is used. The author analyzed 27 cases of patient with headache treated by trigger point acupuncture therapy in Dong-yu Oriental Medical Hospital from March 1st 1997 to February 28th 1998. The following results were obtained. 1. The sex ratio of the female was 59.26%(16 cases) and male was 40.74%(11 cases), the ratio of high school student was 62.96%(17cases) as first. 2. The headache duration ratio of 2-3 years was 37.04%(10 cases) as first, 1-2 years was 25.93%(7 cases) as second. 3. The portion ratio of whole headache was 33.33%(9 cases) as first, lateral headache was 29.63%(8 cases) as second 4. The combined symptoms ratio of anorexia was 40.74%(11 cases) as first, fatigue was 33.33%(9 cases) as second, neck stiffness and dizziness was each 25.93%(7 cases) as third. 5. The therapeutic duration ratio of below 1 week was 29.63%(8 cases) as first, 2-3 weeks was 22.22%(6 cases) as second, 1-2 weeks and 3-4 weeks was each 18.52%(5 cases) as third. 6. The ratio of family history was 11 cases(40.74%). mother with headache was 6 cases, father was 3 cases, and brothers & sisters was 2 cases. 7. The herb medication ratio of Chungsanggyuntongtang(淸上?痛湯) was 37.04%(10 cases), Kamiondamtang(加味溫膽湯) was 22.22%(6 cases), Hyangsapyunguisan(香砂平胃散) was 18.25%(5 cases) etc. 8. The remedial effect ratio of good was 25.93%(7 cases), fair was 48.15%(13 cases), not improved was 7.41%(2 cases), side effect was 3.70%(1 cases), and unknown was 14.81%(4 cases).

Helicobacter pylori의 한약 치료에 대한 연구

이승연,박상은,홍상훈,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Park, Sang-Eun,Hong, Sang-Hoon 대한한방내과학회 2012 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.33 No.1

Objectives : Many studies have shown that helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with gastroduodenal diseases. The purpose of this report was to evaluate recently published research on the influence of oriental herbal medicine on H. pylori infections. Methods : Recently published literature were systematically compared with their findings of how oriental herbal medical treatment affects H. pylori-associated disease. Results : The eradication rate of H. pylori in oriental herbal medicine groups was 66.93% while it was 66.02% in western medicine groups. In oriental herbal plus western medicine groups, interestingly, the rate increased to 84.78%. On the other hand, the total treatment efficacy rate of H. pylori in oriental herbal medicine groups was 91.27%. The treatment efficacy rate in oriental herbal plus western medicine groups rose to a record 93.22%, which was 15.34% higher than the rate in western medicine groups. In addition, the rate of adverse effects was 2.71%, 4.85%, 15.80% in oriental herbal medicine, western medicine, and oriental herbal plus western medicine groups, respectively. Diarrhea was most frequently observed in oriental herbal medicine groups, while nausea was most frequently observed in the other groups. Conclusions : The results of this study showed that herbal medicinal treatment can increase the rate of H. pylori eradication and improve H. pylori-related gastrointestinal symptoms. These findings suggest that herbal medicine can solve the problems including side effects due to antibiotic resistance of standard triple therapy.

다변량 GARCH 모형의 CCC 및 ECCC 비교분석

이승연,황선영,Lee, Seung Yeon,Hwang, S.Y. 한국통계학회 2014 응용통계연구 Vol.27 No.7

다변량 금융시계열 분석모형인 상수조건부상관(CCC)에 대해 알아보았으며, 개개 변동성간의 상호작용을 함께 고려한 확장된 상수조건부상관(ECCC)을 소개하고 국내 금융시계열에 적용하였다. 다양한 이변량 수익률 자료를 통해 CCC와 ECCC를 비교분석하였다. Constant conditional correlation (CCC) is frequently employed for parsimony in the field of multivariate GARCH time series. An extended-CCC (ECCC) model is further developed in order to allow interactions between multivariate volatilities. The paper introduces both CCC model and ECCC model to the domestic financial time series. The CCC and ECCC models are fitted and then compared with each other through various multivatiate time series.

만성(慢性)기침 환아(患兒)의 임상적()臨床的) 고찰(考察)

이승연,Lee Seung-Yeon 대한한방소아과학회 1999 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of this study was to prepare the new effective oriental medical treatments. This study was performed at Dongeui Oriental Medical Hospital from October, 1, 1999 to November, 30, 1999, and 59 patients with cough persisting for longer than 3 weeks were evaluated. The following results were obtained. 1. In sex, male was 32 patients(54.24%) and female was 27 patients(45.76%), and in age group, between 2 and 6 years was 43 patients(72.88%) as first. 2. In the distribution of complicated signs, sputum was 42 patients(7l.18%) as first, rhinorrhea was 24(40.68%) as second. 3. In the style of cough. attack on morning or sleeping time was 32 patients(54.24%) as first. 4. In the past history, pulmonary diseases, such as pneumonia, bronchitis were 10 patients(16.95%) as first. 5. In the family history of allergy, allergic dermatitis was 6 patients(10.l7%) and allergic rhinitis was 4 patients(6.78%)

소아설사(小兒泄瀉)에 관(關)한 임상적(臨床的) 관찰(觀察)

이승연,김장현,Lee Seung-Yeon,Kim Jang-Hyeon 대한한방소아과학회 1997 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.11 No.1