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이승덕,Lee, Seung-deok The Korean AcupunctureMoxibustion Medicine Society 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.6
목적 : 경추통에 대한 침구치료의 효과여부가 현재까지 시행된 무작위 대조군 시험의 검토에서 논란이 되고 있는데, 경추통에 대한 치료 효과의 검증에 최근 들어 경추 전만각도의 변화를 측정하는 것이 점차 많이 사용되고 있는 실정이다. 하지만 아직까지 변형된 형태의 경추 견인 등 몇몇 요소들이 경추전만을 변화시켰다는 보고는 있었으나, 침치료 중 深刺의 방법이 경추의 만곡을 변화시켰다는 보고는 없었다. 방법 : 자침의 방법 중 深刻(五刺法 중 合谷刺 또는 關刺)방법이 경추 전만의 변화를 주는가에 대하여 검증하기 위하여 심자 치료를 시행한 19명의 실험군과 치료를 시행하지 않고 단순히 방사선 촬영만 시행한 21명의 대조군의 단순 방사선 사진을 후향적 연구의 방법으로 비교하였으며, 아울러 심자 자침군에서는 VAS를 측정하여 통증의 정도의 변화를 함께 연구하였다. 결과 : 연구결과 자침을 시행하지 않은 대조군에서는 VAS와 경추 전만의 Cobb각도에서 유의성 있는 변화가 나타나지 않았으나, 심자의 방법으로 자침한 군에서는 치료 전후의 VAS가 유의한 차이를 나타내었고, 경추의 전만 각도에서도 경추 2번과 7번 사이의 Cobb의 각도에서 유의성 있는 변화를 나타내었다(p < 0.05). 결론 : 이러한 연구 결과들은 심자의 자침방법이 경주의 통증을 줄여줄 뿐만 아니라 경추의 구조적 변화를 일으킬 수 있음을 나타내 주는 것이다.
침구학회지 논문에 응용된 통계방식에 관한 연구 -1984 창간호부터 2002년 19권 6호까지 19년간-
이승덕,Lee, Seung-deok 대한침구의학회 2003 대한침구의학회지 Vol.20 No.1
This study was carried out to investigate what kinds of statistical techniques have been used to analyze data from oriental medicine research, For study, 551 original articles which used statistical techniques in their data analysis were selected form the articles published in The journal of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society(JKAMS) between 1984 to 2002. among them, 122 articles used descriptive statistics while 429 articles used inferential statistics for data analysis. For that 429 articles, t-test (189 articles), analysis fo variance (111 articles), chi-square test (14 articles), correlation (10 articles), regression analysis (4 articles), factor analysis(5 articles), or nonparametric test (23 articles) were chose to analyze the data. Nonparametric approach has substantial power in case data do not meet the assumption of normality. This method is not only easy to use ut also provides measures of the statistical variation of nominal and ordinal scale. This study shows that more and more recent papers use nonparametric test compared to the old articles. nine different statistical software or packages (SAS, SPSS, Statview, Minitab, Sigma plot, ISP, Graphpad prism, Excel, Access) have been used in the articles published JKMAS. High level statistical techniques such as SAS, SPSS, and Statview are user friendly and used most for acupuncture and Moxibustion research. Including tables and plots in an article facilitates understanding family process data from a descriptive standpoint, minimized erroneous statistical conclusions, and clarifies theoretically important relationships among variables. Table and plots have been used 500 and 233 articles, respectively. A computer procedure is proposed and illustrated with statistical packages using SAS, SPSS, Statview and ISP.
이승덕,Lee, Seung-deok 대한침구의학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.1
This study was carried out to investigate statistical validity of medical articles that used various statistical techniques such as t-test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, regression analysis and chi-square test. For study 429 original articles using those statistical methods were selected from Journal of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibusition Society published from 1984 to 2002. 429 original articles were reviewed to analyzed the statistical procedures. Results are summarized as follows : 1. In this study 93 articles(21.68%) of 429 ones didn't report statement of statistical method in detail. 2. 53 articles(12.53%) didn't report p-value in correctly, and 245 articles(57.11 %) used mean${\pm}$standard error (Mean${\pm}$SEM.) and 109 articles used mean${\pm}$standard deviation(Mean${\pm}$SD.). All of 23 articles using nonparametric statistical techniques made an error to central tendency or dispersion. 3. 175 articles(59.93%) and 14 articles(4.79%) of 292 ones made an error to description of equal variances and normal distribution. 4. 99 articles(50%) of 185 ones misused t-test and 4 articles of 5 ones misused chi-square test. 5. 28 articles(73.68%) of 38 ones using discrete variable misused parametric technique such as t-test or ANOVA. 2 articles and 1 article of 125 ones choosing paired samples misused independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. 6. 20 articles using analysis of variance didn't use multiple comparison.
월경병과 하악부 면포 발생과의 관계에 대한 임상적 고찰
유현정,이승덕,최인화,Yu Hyun-jung,Lee Seung-deok,Choi In-hwa 대한한의진단학회 2004 大韓韓醫診斷學會誌 Vol.17 No.2
Objective: We would like to find out the correlation between acne distribution in the jaw and the emmeniopathy. Methods: The clinical studies were made on 43 cases of acne vulgaris who visited to Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Gangnam Oriental Medical Hospital during from August, 2002 to July, 2004. We divided the patients into two groups. A group had the emmeniopathy. B group didn't have the emmeniopathy. In the acne grade and the number of acne, we investigated the difference between A and B group statistically. We used the statical methods of student's t-test on the number of acne and wilcoxon rank sum test on acne grade. Results: The mean age was 25.8${\pm}$4.80 in A group and 27.6${\pm}$5.68 in B group. There were painful menstruation, quality of thickness, menstrual cycle disorder, menstrual amount disorder, dark purple color, premenstrual acne in A group with the emmeniopathy. The acne grade was 1.69${\pm}$1.28 in A group, 1.43${\pm}$1.28 in B group. The number of acne was 3.66${\pm}$3.15 in A group, 4.36${\pm}$4.07 in B group. P-value was 0.52 in acne grade and 0.25 in the number of acne. We investigated no difference between A and B group statistically on acne grade and the number of acne. Conclusions: We needed the further study about the factor which affect on acne distribution and emmeniopathy.
약용약침(藥茸藥鍼)이 LPS 유발(誘發) 관절염(關節炎)의 윤활관절막내(潤滑關節膜內) 과다염증반응(過多炎症反應) 조절(調節)에 미치는 영향(影響)
정용래,이승덕,변혁,박인식,정찬영,이창환,김갑성,Chung, Yong-Re,Lee, Seung-Deok,Byun, Hyuk,Park, In-Shik,Jung, Chan-Yung,Lee, Chang-Hwan,Kim, Kap-Sung 대한침구의학회 2007 대한침구의학회지 Vol.24 No.4
Objectives: To evaluate expression of MIF mRNA, MIF, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-6R-{\alpha}$, STAT-3, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, COX-2 and iNOS, MMP-9mRNA after injecting deer antler herbal acupuncture solution in a LPS rat model. Methods: The experiment was divided in category of the control group, RA group, and NA group. RA was induced in the mice via injecting 300ug/kg LPS. The deer antler herbal acupuncture solution 50ug/kg was applied on $ST_{35}$(犢鼻) and EX-LE201(內膝眼) for 19days from $3^{rd}$ day of RA inducement. Results: 1. In the deer antler herbal acupuncture solution treated RAW 264.7cell, the mRNA expression of cytokines, RA related inflammation factors, such as the MIF, COX- 2, iNOS, and MMP-g reduced concentration dependently. 2. In the deer antler herbal acupuncture treated mice's synovial membrane, decrease in the cell replication of synovial joint cells, regeneration of blood vessel, fibrosis and fibroblastic cells expansion were observed. 3. Positive reaction of RA-related cytokines MIF, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-6R-{\alpha}$, STAT3, COX-2, iNOS, $NF-\;{\kappa}B$ p65, MMP-9 was reduced. Conclusion : On the basis of the results, it was concluded that deer antler herbal acupuncture extract has significant protecting ability against acute progressive RA by inhibiting the production of MIF, as a top in cytokines related to inflammation.
김무진,이승덕,김경호,김갑성,Kim, Moo-jin,Lee, Seung-deok,Kim, Kyung-ho,Kim, Kap-sung The Korean AcupunctureMoxibustion Medicine Society 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.2
전통적인 면역억제제와 면역활동제인 녹용수용추출액(DAA)은 뼈의 재생에 있어서 중요한 역할을 한다고 여겨진다. 녹용약침이 비활성 연골세포의 분화를 야기시킬수 있는 지를 결정하기 위해, 융합된 세포 배양균을 녹용약침과 함께 24, 36, 48, 72, 120 시간동안 먼저 처리하였다. 이러한 처리후에 배양액을 10-10 ~ 10-8M 1,25-(OH)2D3를 포함하는 새로운 배양액으로 바꾸어 세포들을 추가로 24시간동안 배양했다. 앞선 연구에서 더 성숙된 활성연골세포가 이러한 Vit D3 대사산물에 반응한다는 것을 보여주었기 때문에 이러한 두 번째 처리를 선택하였다. 세포성숙에 있어서 녹용약침의 전처리 효과는 ALPase의 특이활동을 측정하는 것으로 확인하였다. 기질 단백질 합성의 변화는 35SO4 결합이 proteoglycan으로의 변화되는것과 collagen 합성을 측정함으로써 증명되었다. 비활성 연골세포가 녹용약침과 함께 120시간동안 전처리되고 다시 1,25-(OH)2D3를 추가한 처치에서 ALPase 특이활동과 collagen 합성이 농도 의존적으로 증가를 일으켰다. 그러나 proteoglycan의 생성에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 1,25-(OH)2D3와 함께 전처리 된 비활성 연골 세포는 어떠한 전처리도 받지 않았던 비활성 연골세포처럼 반응했다. 이러한 결과는 녹용약침이 직접적으로 비활성 연골 세포를 활성 연골세포로 성숙시키는데 관여한다는 것을 알려준다. 그러므로 녹용약침은 연골내 골화과정에서 연골세포의 성숙을 조절하는데 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다.
조종성 국제규격(ADS-33PRF)에 따른 헬리콥터 전자식 비행제어(Fly-By-Wire) 시스템 기술 개발
양창덕(Chang-Deok Yang),김철호(Choel-Ho Kim),양재호(Jae-Ho Yang),김호성(Ho-Sung Kim),김재만(Jae-Man Kim),우창욱(Chang-Wook Woo),이승덕(Seung-Deok Lee) 대한전자공학회 2015 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.6
This paper presents the development status of helicopter fly-by-wire flight control systems development project. As a 4th year of first development period, the FBW control law, OFP and the Hardware have developed. And each of FBW components has tested and evaluated through the integrated test environment (SAVV, ISVV, FMET).