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1
기니피그 위 평활근의 자발적 수축과 전기적 활동에 대한 $Ca^{2+}$ 및 $Ca^{2+}$-길항제 영향

이상호,김기환,Rhie, Sang-Ho,Kim, Ki-Whan 대한생리학회 1987 대한생리학회지 Vol.21 No.2
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The effects of external $Ca^{2+}$ and $Ca^{2+}-antagonists$ on the spontaneous contractions and electrical activities were investigated in guinea-pig stomach in order to clarify the mechanism for the generation of slow waves. Electrical responses of circular smooth muscle cells were recorded using glass capillary microelectrodes filled with 3 M KCl. All experiments were performed in tris-buffered Tyrode solution which was aerated with 100% $O_2$ and kept at $35^{\circ}C$. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The amplitude of spontaneous contractions was maximal at around 2-4 mM $Ca^{2+}$, whereas their frequency was inversely related with external $Ca^{2+}$ within the range of 0.5 to 16 mM $Ca^{2+}$. 2) Verapamil suppressed the amplitude of spontaneous contraction in a dose-dependent manner, while the frequency of spontaneous contractions was almost not changed over the whole concentration of verapamil $(0.01{\sim}5\;mg/l)$. 3) Manganese increased both the amplitude and the frequency of spontaneous contractions dose-dependently in low $Mn^{2+}$ (below 0.05 mM $Mn^{2+}$), while their amplitude and frequency were decreased in high $Mn^{2+}$ (above 0.1 mM $Mn^{2+}$). 4) The ampltude and maximum rate of rise of slow waves were incrased in high $Ca^{2+}$ solution. In $Ca^{2+}-free$ solution, the spontaneous contractions recorded simultaneously with slow waves ceased and tonic contraction ($Ca^{2+}-free$ contracture) was developed in parallel with membrane depolarization and the disappearance of slow waves. 5) Verapamil (1 mg/1) decreased the amplitude and maximum rate of rise of slow waves and it depolarized the membrane by about 6 mV, whereas the frequency of slow waves was not affected by verapamil. 6) Manganese showed different characteristic effects between low and high $Mn^{2+}$ on the slow waves: In low $Mn^{2+}$ (0.05 mM $Mn^{2+}$), the initial rapid increases and the subsequent gradual decreases in three parameters of slow waves (amplitude, rate of rise, and frequency of slow waves) till a new steady state were observed. However, in high $Mn^{2+}$ (0.5 mM $Mn^{2+}$) slow waves disappeared and membrane was depolarized. From the above results, the following conclusions could be made: 1) $Ca^{2+}$ is necessary for a generation of the slow waves, even though it is small amount. 2) Verapamil suppresses the spontaneous contractions of gastric antral strip by the decreases in amplitude and maximum rate of rise of slow waves, while this drug does not block the $Ca^{2+}-channel$ involved in the generation of slow waves. 3) Manganese has dual actions on the $Ca^{2+}-channels$; the $Ca^{2+}-channel$ involved in the generation of slow waves (or Na-Ca exchange system) or the channel for the generation of spike potentials are stimulated by a low concentration of $Mn^{2+}$, while both the $Ca^{2+}$. Channels are blocked by high concentration of $Mn^{2+}$.
2
기니피그 위 평활근의 자발적 수축과 전기적 활동에 대한 Ca2+ 및 Ca2+-길항제 영향

이상호(Rhie, Sang-Ho),김기환(Kim, Ki-Whan) 대한생리학회 1987 대한생리학회지 Vol.21 No.2
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- 복사/대출신청
The effects of external Ca2+ and Ca2+-antagonists on the spontaneous contractions and electrical activities were investigated in guinea-pig stomach in order to clarify the mechanism for the generation of slow waves. Electrical responses of circular smooth muscle cells were recorded using glass capillary microelectrodes filled with 3 M KCl. All experiments were performed in tris-buffered Tyrode solution which was aerated with 100% O2 and kept at 35℃. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The amplitude of spontaneous contractions was maximal at around 2-4 mM Ca2+, whereas their frequency was inversely related with external Ca2+ within the range of 0.5 to 16 mM Ca2+. 2) Verapamil suppressed the amplitude of spontaneous contraction in a dose-dependent manner, while the frequency of spontaneous contractions was almost not changed over the whole concentration of verapamil (0.01 ~ 5 mg/l). 3) Manganese increased both the amplitude and the frequency of spontaneous contractions dose-dependently in low Mn2+ (below 0.05 mM Mn2+), while their amplitude and frequency were decreased in high Mn2+ (above 0.1 mM Mn2+). 4) The ampltude and maximum rate of rise of slow waves were incrased in high Ca2+ solution. In Ca2+-free solution, the spontaneous contractions recorded simultaneously with slow waves ceased and tonic contraction (Ca2+-free contracture) was developed in parallel with membrane depolarization and the disappearance of slow waves. 5) Verapamil (1 mg/1) decreased the amplitude and maximum rate of rise of slow waves and it depolarized the membrane by about 6 mV, whereas the frequency of slow waves was not affected by verapamil. 6) Manganese showed different characteristic effects between low and high Mn2+ on the slow waves: In low Mn2+ (0.05 mM Mn2+), the initial rapid increases and the subsequent gradual decreases in three parameters of slow waves (amplitude, rate of rise, and frequency of slow waves) till a new steady state were observed. However, in high Mn2+ (0.5 mM Mn2+) slow waves disappeared and membrane was depolarized. From the above results, the following conclusions could be made: 1) Ca2+ is necessary for a generation of the slow waves, even though it is small amount. 2) Verapamil suppresses the spontaneous contractions of gastric antral strip by the decreases in amplitude and maximum rate of rise of slow waves, while this drug does not block the Ca2+-channel involved in the generation of slow waves. 3) Manganese has dual actions on the Ca2+-channels; the Ca2+-channel involved in the generation of slow waves (or Na-Ca exchange system) or the channel for the generation of spike potentials are stimulated by a low concentration of Mn2+, while both the Ca2+. Channels are blocked by high concentration of Mn2+.
3
피하 우회 인조혈관의 외상성 파열 1례

이정은 ( Jung Eun Lee ),장인석 ( In Seok Jang ),양준호 ( Jun Ho Yang ),김성환 ( Sung Hwan Kim ),김종우 ( Jong Woo Kim ),최준영 ( Jun Young Choi ),이상호 ( Sang Ho Rhie ) 대한외상학회 2005 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.18 No.2
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Trauma of the vascular structure is not poplular event. In obstructive atherosclerotic vascular disease, we sometimes have needed bypass surgery. The long length subcutaneous prosthetic vascular graft are vulnerable to injury. But prosthetic vessel rupture after trauma has been rare report. A 68-year-old man was referred to Department of Emergency of the Gyeongsang National University Hospital. After he had had a blunt trauma, he found a newly appearing pulsating mass of 10 cm diameter on his right chest wall. The lesion had a turbulent blood flow in the cavity of the mass by ultrasonographic finding. The lesion was a rupture of superficial prosthetic vascular graft under the skin.

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