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이상욱,Lee Sang-Wook 한국독어학회 1999 독어학 Vol.1 No.-
In den kommunikativen orientierten Sprechbehandlungen lassen sich negative $S\"{a}tze$ allgemein als Klasse kommunikativer Operlationen mit spezifischen kommunikativ-pragmatischen Funktionen kennzeichnen. Diese Funktionen, die der Sprecher mit den sogenannten negativen $Behauptungss\"{a}tzen$ in wirklichen kommunikativen Sprechakten $ausdr\"{u}ckt$, stellen dabei Handlungs-bzw. Sprechhandlungsintentionen des Sprechers dar. Sie $k\"{o}nnen$ aus den in negierten $\"{A}u{\ss}erungen$ implizierten Sprecher-Einstellungen zu bestimmten Sachverhalten, die in den vorangehenden $\"{A}u{\ss}erungen\;seines\;Gespr\"{a}chpartners\;ausgedr\"{u}ckt$ werden, abgeleitet werden. In diesem Zusammenhang sind die negativen $Behauptungss\"{a}tze$ erst dann sinnvoll darzustellen, wenn sie mit Voraussetzungsstruktur verbunnden werden. D.h. also die Funktionen der negativen $Behauptungss\"{a}tze\;k\"{o}nnen$ im Zusammenhang mit einer(bzw. mehreren) vorangehenden $\"{A}u{\ss}erung(en)\;des\;Gepr\"{a}chpartners$ oder den aktuellen $Sprechhandlungsumst\"{a}nden\;besser\;erkl\"{a}rt$ werden. Aus solchen kommunikativen Situationen kann man bestimmte Einstellungen des $Gespr\"{a}chspartners$ annehmen. So haben wir negative $Behauptungss\"{a}tze$, die mit den in Grammatiken angenommenen verschiedenen $Negationsw\"{o}rtern$ verwirklicht werden, in die Subkategorie der Sprechhandlungen eingesetzt, um ihre sinnvollen Funktionen zu bezeichnen. Dabei stellen wir fest $da\ss$ den negativen $Behauptungss\"{a}tzen$ nicht nur eine Sprechhandlung 'Verneinen' zuzuordnen ist. In den aktuellen Sprechhandlungen zeigen sie auch die anderen kommunikativ-pragmatisch orientierten Funktionen. Wir klassifizieren nun die folgenden illokutionaren Typen: 1) Verneinen(bzw. Negieren); 2) Widersprechen; 3) $Pr\"{a}zisieren$ (oder Korrigier); 4) Behaupten; 5) Antworten auf Wortfrage; 6) Zustimmen; 7) Verweigern
이상욱,류정탁,남효덕,김연보,Lee, Sang-Wook,Ryu, Jeong-Tag,Nam, Hyo-Duk,Kim, Yeon-Bo 한국음향학회 2007 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.26 No.2
본 연구에서는 압전세라믹과 고분자재료를 사용하여 다이스와 필 방법으로 2-2형 압전복합재료를 제작하고 이것을 이용하며 초음파 센서를 설계하고 제작하여 전기적 및 음향 특성을 조사하였다. 제작된 시편의 공진특성은 유한요소 해석 결과와 임피던스 분석기(HP4194A)를 이용하여 실제로 측정한 결과와 유사하게 나타났다. 2-2형 압전복합재료의 고유음향 임피던스는 PZT의 부피분율이 감소함에 따라 선형적으로 감소하였다. 이것을 이용하여 제작된 초음파 센서의 공진특성 및 전기기계결합계수는 PZT의 부피분율이 0.6일 때 가장 우수하였다. 또한, 이것의 음향특성을 측정한 결과 PZT 부피분율이 0.6일때 진폭, 주파수 대역폭, 울림감쇠 특성 등이 가장 우수하게 나타났으며, 단일 압전세라믹으로 제작된 센서에 비하여 상당히 우수한 감도 특성을 나타내었다. We have investigated on the development of 2-2 type piezocomposites that have better piezoelectric activity and lower acoustic impedance than those of conventional piezoceramics. In this study, we have investigated the piezoelectric and acoustic properties of 2-2 type piezocomposites sensor which was fabricated using dice-and-fill technique for the different volume fraction of PZT. The specific acoustic impedance of 2-2 type piezocomposites decreased linearly when PZT volume fraction was decreased. The resonance characteristics measured by an impedance analyzer(HP4194A) were similar to the analysis of finite element method (FEM). The resonance characteristics and the electromechanical coupling factor were the best when the volume fraction PZT was 0.6. It also showed the highest result from the standpoint of sensitivity, bandwidth and ring-down property and so on at the same condition. The specific characteristics show that the 2-2 type piezocomposites turned out to be superior to the ultrasonic sensor composed by single phase PZT.
해조가 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-sulfonic acid로 유발된 염증성 장질환 동물모델에 미치는 영향
이상욱,류봉하,박재우,Lee, Sang-Wook,Ryu, Bong-Ha,Park, Jae-Woo 대한한방내과학회 2010 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.31 No.2
Objectives : The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of Sargassum (Sargassum pallidum (TURN.) C. AG.; SP) on the experimental colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in mice. Methods : ICR mice were divided into 7 groups (NOR, CON, $SS50\times5$, $SP20\times3$, $SP50\times3$, $SP20\times5$, $SP50\times5$). TNBS processing was intrarectally applied to all experimental groups on the 3rd experiment day, except the normal group (NOR). For investigating the prophylactic effect, SP at doses of 20 mg/kg ($SP20\times5$) and 50 mg/kg ($SP50\times5$) were orally administered for 5 days. The SP at doses of 20 mg/kg ($SP20\times3$) and 50 mg/kg ($SP50\times3$) were orally administered for 3 days after the colitis induction in order to check the effect of treatment. As a positive control group, sulfasalazine 50 mg/kg ($SS50\times5$) was administrated. Macroscopic findings of epithelial tissue on mice were measured by colon length and macroscopic score. Histologic findings were also checked by crypt cell, epithelial cell, inflammatory cell and edema of submucosa. We measured the ability of SP to inhibit lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase activity. We also measured levels of the inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL)-$1\beta$ and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), its transcription factor activation, phospho-NF-${\kappa}B$ (pp65), in the colon by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot analysis. We measured activation of fecal bacterial enzyme, $\beta$-glucuronidase and degradation activation of fecal glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and hyaluronic acid. Results : Oral administration of SP on mice inhibited TNBS-induced colon shortening and myeloperoxidase activity in the colon of mice as well as IL-$1\beta$ and COX-2 expression. SP also inhibited TNBS-induced lipid peroxidation and pp65 activation in the colon of mice. SP inhibited $\beta$-glucuronidase activation and fecal hyaluronic acid degradation activation as well. Conclusions : SP could be a possible herbal candidate and preventive prebiotic agent for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Further experiments to differentiate effects of SP on IBD, such as other solutions and extracting times, might be promising.
사골동 종양의 3-차원 입체조형치료 : I. 2차원 치료계획과 3차원 치료계획의 비교분석
이상욱,김귀언,금기창,박희철,조재호,한성욱,이강규,서창옥,홍원표,박인용,Lee Sangwook,Kim Gwi Eon,Keum Ki Chang,Park Hee Chul,Cho Jae Ho,Han Soung Uk,Lee Kang Kyu,Suh Chang Ok,Hong Won Pyo,Park In Yong 대한방사선종양학회 1997 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.15 No.4
목적 : 사골동 암의 방사선치료에서 3-차원 입체조형 치료를 적용해보고 기존의 2-차원 치료 계획방법과 3-차원 입체조형 치료계획방법의 차이점을 비교분석하여 3-차원 입체조형 치료의 장단점을 제시하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방벌 : 사골동 암 4례에서 수립된 2-차원 치료계획과 3-차원 입체조형 치료계획을 각각의 환자에서 계획용 표적체적의 등가선량 분포, 선량통계, 그리고 선량체적 히스토그람을 비교 검토하였다. 주변 정상조직에 조사된 방사선량은 점선량 계산치와 선량체적 히스토그람을 이용하여 비교하였다. 결과 : 각기 환자에서 선량 통계 및 등가 선량 분포를 비교한 결과 3-차원 입체조형 치료계획이 2-차원 치료계획보다 계획용 표적체적내의 선량이 훨씬 균일하게 분포되었다. 또한 시신경 교차나 뇌간 등의 주변 정상장기에서는 방사선량이 감소된 경향이 있었으나 표적체적의 양 측면에 위치한 안구나 시신경에선 3-차원 치료계획의 우월성을 입증할 수 없었다. 결론: 사골동 암의 방사선 치료에서 3-차원 입체조형 치료는 기존 치료법이 갖는 여러 가지 한계점을 어느 정도 극복할 수 있는 우월한 치료법임이 증명되었으나 이를 보완할 수 있는 여러방면의 다각적인 연구노력이 필요하리라 생각된다. Purpose : This is study of whether 3-D conformal radiotherapy for carcino-mas of the ethmoid sinus were better than those treated with conventional 2-D plan, Materials and Methods : The 3-D conformal treatment Plans were compared with conventional 2-D plans in 4 patients with malignancy of the ethmoid sinus. Isodose distribution, dose statistics, and dose volume histogram of the planning target volume were used to evaluate differences between 2-D and 3-D plans. In addition. the risk of radiation exposure of surrounding normal critical organs are evaluated by means of point dose calculation and dose volume histogram. Results : 3-D conformal treatment plans for each patient that the better tumor coverages by the planning target volume with improved dose homo-geneity, compared to 2-D conventional treatment Plans in the same Patient. On the other hand, the radiation dose distributions to the surrounding nor-mal tissue organs, such as the orbit and optic nerves are not significantly reduced with our technique, but a substantial sparing in the brain stem and optic chiasm for each patient. Conclusion : Our findings represented the potential advantage of 3-D treatment planning for dose homogeniety as well as sparing of the normal tissue surrounding the tumor. However, further investigational studies are required to define the clinical benefit.
간암에서 호흡주기를 고려한 2-차원 방사선 치료 방법과 3-차원 입체조형 치료방법에서 방사선 간염 예측의 비교연구
이상욱,김귀언,정갑수,이창걸,성진실,서창옥,Lee Sang-wook,Kim Gwi Eon,Chung Kap Soo,Lee Chang Geol,Seong Jinsil,Suh Chang Ok 대한방사선종양학회 1998 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.16 No.4
목적 : 방사선치료계획시 호흡에 의한 장기의 움직임이 고려하는 경우 호흡이 방사선치료에 따른 합병증 발생에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 3차원 입체조형치료를 받은 간암 환자 4례를 대상으로 하여 방사선치료 계획용컴퓨터상에서 재분석을 하였다. 호흡주기에 따라 방사선치료를 시행 받는다고 가정하여 계획용표적체적의 상하 범위를 줄여 기존의 2-차원 치료계획을 시행한 경우와 자유롭게 호흡하면서 계획된 3-차원 입체조형치료에서 정상간과 주변정상장기의 선량체적히스토그람과 normal tissue complication probability(NTCP)를 비교하였다. 결과 : 간의 호흡에 의한 상하 운동범위는 2-3cm 이었고 호흡주기에 따른 기존의 2차원 방사선치료 방법과 자유롭게 호흡하면서 시행된 3-차원적 입체조형치료 간의 계획용표적체적과 잔여정상간, 주변정상장기의 선량체적히스토그람의 뚜렷한 차이는 관찰할 수 없었다. 또한 정상잔여간의 NTCP의 차이도 관찰할 수 없었다. 결론 : 간에 대한 방사선치료시 호흡에 의해 장기의 움직임을 고려한 방사선치료계획은 방사선치료에 따른 합병증 발생에 매우 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 생각되었고 향후 이 문제점을 극복할 수 있는 많은 연구가 필요 할것으로 생각된다. Purpose : To evaluate influences associated with radiation treatment planning obtained with the patient breathing freely. Materials and Methods : We compared reduction or elimination of planning target volume (PTV) margins with 2-D conventional plan with inclusion of PTV margins associated with breathing with 3-D conformal therapy. The respiratory non gated 3-D conformal treatment plans were compared with respiratory gated conventional 2-D plans in 4 patients with hepatocellular carcinomas. Isodose distribution, dose statistics, and dose volume histogram (DVH) of PTVs were used to evaluate differences between respiratory gated conventional 2-D plans and respiratory non gated 3-D conformal treatment plans. In addition. the risk of radiation exposure of surrounding normal liver and organs are evaluated by means of DVH and normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCPs). Results : The vertical movement of liver ranged 2-3 cm in all patients. We found no difference between respiratory gated 2-D plans and 3-D conformal treatment plans with the patients breathing freely. Treatment planning using DVH analysis of PTV and the normal liver was used for all patients. DVH and calculated NTCP showed no difference in respiratory gated 2-D plans and respiratory non gated 3-D conformal treatment plans. Conclusion : Respiratory gated radiation therapy was very important in hepatic tumors because radiation induced hepatitis was dependent on remaining normal liver volume. Further investigational studies for respiratory gated radiation.
이상욱,장호진,김석준,Lee, Sang-Wook,Chang, Ho-Jin,Kim, Seok-Jun 대한족부족관절학회 2012 대한족부족관절학회지 Vol.16 No.4
Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) known as Masson's hemangioma is a rare benign reactive vascular lesion caused by the abnormal proliferation of endothelial cells. The lesion occurs most commonly in the fingers, head and neck, but very rare in the foot. We report a case of IPEH in the foot treated with operative excision.
이상욱,Lee Sang-Wook 한국독어학회 2000 독어학 Vol.2 No.-
Die Negation im Deutschen wird in der Tradition, besonders aus dem syntaktischen Aspekt, in zwei verschiedenen Arten unterschieden: Sondemegation(Wortnegation oder Konstituentennegation) vs. Satznegation. Demzufolge bei der Satznegation bezieht sich das Negationswort auf die gesamte Aussage, d.h. die vom gesamten Satz $ausgedr\"{u}ckten$ Propositionskomplexe und bei der Sondernegation auf Teile des gesamten Satzes. Diese Unterscheidung wird hauptsachlich durch die Stellungsmoglichkeiten von 'nicht' $begr\"{u}ndet$. Sie wird aus kommunikativ orientierten Aspekten problematisiert. Solche $Ans\"{a}tze$ gehen davon aus, $da{\ss}$ die Negation eine Blockierungsoperation bei der Bearbeitung bereits vorhandener Kenntnisse ist. Aus kommunikativ orientierten Aspekten wird nur bei der Satznegation von 'Negierung' gesprochen, und bei der Sondernegation liegt nur eine negierte Teilstruktur vor, die den Chakrakter der Affirmierung des Gesamtsatzes zwar modifiziert, aber nicht aufhebt. Als $vorla\"{u}figes$ Fazit stellt man fest, $da{\ss}$ die Beschreibung der Negation aus kommunikativ-pragmatischen Sichten die Unterscheidung Satznegation/Sondernegation nicht $\"{u}berfl\"{u}ssig$ macht. Um die Negation besser zu ermitteln, werden nicht nur unterschiedliche syntaktische $Stellungsm\"{o}glichkeiten$ von 'nicht' $ber\"{u}cksichtigen$, sondern auch die im Satz verschieden gegebene Intonation und auch kommunikative $Handlungszusammenh\"{a}nge$.