It’s More Than an M-shape: The Political Economy of Female Non-Standard Workers in the Republic of Korea

이상아,Shorie Park,이승윤,Jeong-eun Cho,Sophia Seung-yoon Lee 한국사회복지학회 2013 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.7 No.1

This study examines the re-entrance of female workers into the Korean labor market. We highlightthat women in their 40s have the highest rate of employment among all female workers and that alarge proportion of these women are entering into non-standard employment. In approaching thisquestion, we examine the political economy of this phenomenon by first discussing the demand sideof the Korean labor market using the gendering of the varieties of capitalism argument and thenthe supply side with the work–life balance argument. When examining re-entrance into the labormarket, women with general skills with lower education and higher education both found it morefeasible to re-enter the labor market as non-standard workers. While work–life balance is a prominentreason for women’s choice of opting out of the labor market, work–life balance choice matteredless for women re-entering the labor market as non-standard workers in their 40s and 50s butinstead firmly based skill formation mattered more. In addition, the retail service industry is suggestedto absorb a large number of female workers with lower skill levels who would have had difficultiesin re-entering other male-oriented companies.

Metal/Insulator/Semiconductor Structure Using Ga2O3 Layer By Plasma Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition

이상아,Chae-Ryong Cho,황재열,Jong-Pil Kim,Se-Young Jeong,Won-Jae Lee 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.47 No.2

Metal/insulator/semiconductor (MIS) capacitors were fabricated by using a Ga2O3 layer on an Si substrate. High dielectric Ga2O3 film was prepared by an alternating supply of a Ga source with a bubbler-type reactor and O2 plasma in a plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) process. The thickness of the Ga2O3 layer can be controlled by the number of cycles. The thickness of 1000 cycles processed Ga2O3 thin film was about 50 nm, and the surface roughness was 1 nm. The interface states between Ga2O3 and Si were characterized by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The flat-band, flat-voltage, and threshold voltage including dielectric constant were calculated by semi-empirical equation. The dielectric constant of Ga2O3 film was about 23.25. It is assumed that the MIS structure using Ga2O3 as a gate dielectric is effective in MOSFET device applications.

외상성 뇌손상 후두통과 기억장애가 발생한 환자에 서각지황탕가감방(犀角地黃湯加減方)을 투여한 1례 보고

이상아,권태욱,김명호,손한범,안립,장명웅,최동준,Lee, Sang-Ah,Kwon, Tae-Wook,Kim, Myung-Ho,Son, Han-Beom,Ahn, Lib,Jang, Myung-Woong,Choi, Dong-Jun 대한한방내과학회 2013 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.34 No.4

The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effects of modified Seogakjihwang-tang on a patient who had headache and memory disorder after traumatic brain injury, which were considered as the result of blood stasis. The patient had headache and memory disorder after traumatic brain injury and treated with modified Seogakjihwang-tang three times a day for 60days. As a result, the numerical rating scale and pain rating score of headache decreased and the scores of mini-mental state examination-Korea, the Korean version of Montreal cognitive assessment and the mini-memory test increased during treatment with modified Seogakjihwang-tang. Therefore, this case supports a possibility that modified Seogakjihwang-tang might be an effective treatment to patients with headache and memory disorder after traumatic brain injury.

Thyroid Volume Measured by 99mTc-Pertechnetate Scintigraphy and Its Relationship with Clinical Parameters in Korean Patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis

이상아,Seong Man Lee,So-Yeon Yoo,Young Hwan Kim,Gwanpyo Koh 대한갑상선학회 2016 International Journal of Thyroidology Vol.9 No.2

Background and Objectives: Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is a form of thyroiditis associated with autoimmune antibodies. Few studies have measured thyroid volume in Asians. This study was undertaken to determine the distribution of thyroid volume and to explore possible correlations between thyroid volume and other factors in a Korean cohort. Materials and Methods: Two hundred eleven patients who underwent 99mTc-pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy between 2009 and 2011 were recruited and their thyroid volume was measured. AIT was defined as having thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb) and/or thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) positivity and TRAb negativity, regardless of thyroid function. Results: The mean thyroid volume was 32.1 mL in AIT patients. The distribution of thyroid volume was normal after log transformation. Thyroid volume was larger in patients with both autoantibodies than in patients with only one antibody (p<0.001). The first quartile of patients grouped according to thyroid volume were older (52.1 years, p=0.037) than the patients in other quartile groups. Thyroid volume correlated independently with TPOAb titer, and TgAb titer adjusted for other factors in a multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Thyroid volume in Korean AIT patients had an unimodal distribution and correlated with autoantibody titer.

비타민 D 고용량 주사로 인한 심한 고칼슘혈증 발생 1예

이상아,문재철,Lee, Sang Ah,Moon, Jae Cheol 제주대학교 의과학연구소 2019 The Journal of Medicine and Life Science Vol.16 No.1

Hypercalcemia is often seen in patients, but most of them showed mild to moderate hypercalcemia. The severe hypercalcemia with a blood calcium level of 14.0 mg/dL or more is known to be associated mainly with malignant tumors. Because this is emergency status, most clinicians tried to decrease serum calcium level to near normal range to improve symptoms related to hypercalcemia. A 71-year-old female patient visited the emergency room with dizziness and general weakness. Her serum calcium level was very high (15.6 mg/dL), but serum PTH, 25-OH vitamin D, and PTH related peptide were normal. We can exclude hyperparathyroidism, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, other connective tissue diseases, and hypercalcemia due to malignant tumors as a cause of severe hypercalcemia. Conclusively, we diagnosed as severe hypercalcemia due to high-dose vitamin D injections treated one week ago. High dose vitamin D injections have recently been shown to increase the frequency of prescription as the various causes and the clinicians needed to carefully monitor the serum calcium levels in the patients after treating with high dose vitamin D.

미국, 캐나다, 영국의 재입원율 활용 현황

이상아,주영준,신재용,박은철,이후연,Lee, Sang-Ah,Ju, Yeong-Jun,Shin, Jae-Yong,Park, Eun-Cheol,Lee, Hoo-Yeon 한국의료질향상학회 2016 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Readmission which reflects capacity to manage patients and general level of medical services has been known for one of the causes of medical expenditure due to inefficient service. Compared to disease-specific readmission, hospital wide readmission (HWR) is relatively easy to understand, and has merit to get over limitation of collateral medical services assessment; therefore, a growing interest in development and usage of readmission indicator as quality of care indicator focusing on all-disease is detected. In this study, we investigate current state of risk standardized readmission rate indicator used in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada, and examine the considerations when using readmission rate as quality indicator in Korea. Differences in risk-adjustment methods were showed among countries. The United States do not control race not to hide socio-demographic factors on readmission. Canada shows differentiation compared to other countries about reflecting community factors. All three-countries utilize readmission rate as monitoring quality of care rather than incentives or penalty due to the fact that readmission rate could not represent the whole quality of hospital and has a limitation at controlling socio-economic factors. Therefore, for usage readmission rate as quality indicator in Korea, preparing readmission classification standard for Korean medical environment and additional methods for acquiring information by using discharge summary is need. Moreover, continued discussion with clinical specialists is needed for obtain clinical reliability and validity.

나비굴경유 수술을 통해 완치된 뇌하수체 거대선종에 동반된 쿠싱병 1예

이상아,문재철,Lee, Sang Ah,Moon, Jae Cheol 제주대학교 의과학연구소 2021 The Journal of Medicine and Life Science Vol.18 No.1

Cushing's disease (CD) is a rare illness characterized by chronic hypercortisolism secondary to the overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone by a pituitary adenoma, which is associated with a high risk of developing serious complications, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and emotional disorders. Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is performed for the treatment of CD, and was initially preferred over other types of treatments. However, the recurrence after pituitary surgery for CD is a common problem after an initial successful surgery. In microadenomas, the remission rates were higher than those of macroadenoma. This patient had a giant tumor that was greater than 4 cm in length on sella magnetic resonance imaging, and panhypopituitarism was detected using a combined pituitary stimulation test. After transsphenoidal surgery, the patient required temporary hormone replacement for a short period of time. After 1 year, he showed a normal cortisol response on the overnight dexamethasone suppression test and low morning cortisol levels. Therefore, we indicated that the patient was cured of giant macroadenoma with panhypopituitarism before surgery, and thus, reported this case.

터보팬 엔진 노즐의 형상 최적화와 크리깅 모델을 이용해 모사한 설계 공간의 신뢰도에 관한 연구

이상아(Sanga Lee),이세일(Saeil Lee),강영석(Young-Seok Kang),이동호(Dong-Ho Lee),김규홍(Kyu-Hong Kim) 대한기계학회 2013 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2013 No.5

한국형 달 복제토(KOHLS-1)의 개선방향

이상아(Lee, Sang ah),이재호(Lee, Jae ho),장병철(Chang, Byung Chul),이태식(Lee, Tai Sik) 대한토목학회 2012 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.10

폐수를 이용한 겨울철 경제적 미세조류 배양 시스템의 개발

이상아 ( Sang Ah Lee ),이창수 ( Chang Soo Lee ),이승훈 ( Seung Hoon Lee ),안광국 ( Kwang Guk An ),오희목 ( Hee Mock Oh ),김희식 ( Hee Sik Kim ),안치용 ( Chi Yong Ahn ) 한국환경생물학회 2014 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.32 No.1

우리나라는 겨울철에 미세조류가 성장하기에 적합하지 않은 기후조건을 가진다. 따라서, 차세대 바이오매스의 공급원료로서의 미세조류 배양을 겨울철에 이룩하기는 쉽지 않다. 본 연구에서는 적은 에너지를 이용하여 미세조류가 성장이 불가한 영외환경에서 미세조류를 성장시키기 위해서, 삼중막의 비닐하우스를 설치하였다. 또한 투명한 아크릴 재질로 수조를 제작하여 빛을 수조의 모든 면에서 받을 수 있게 함으로써, 빛의 이용성을 최대화하였다. 6가지의 다양한 실험조건을 설정하여 겨울철 영하의 기후조건에서 최소한의 비용으로 하수종말처리장 폐수를 사용하여 미세조류를 배양하였다. 또한 미세조류 바이오매스를 증가시킴과 동시에 환경오염의 원인이 될 수 있는 영양염류 성분 중 질소를 최대 92%, 인을 최대 99%까지 제거시켰다. 본 연구에서 바이오디젤의 원료가 될 수 있는 가장 주된 지방산은 리놀렌산(C18: 3n3)으로 총 지질량의 최대 61%까지 차지했다. 지방산의 생산성은 2.4 g m-2 day-1이었다. 결론적으로, 본 연구를 통하여 차세대 바이오매스 생산을 위한 미세조류 배양을 저온 시기에서도 이룩하였으며, 그에 따른 폐수처리에서도 좋은 성과를 이루었다. The outdoor mass cultivation is not possible for microalgae in Korea all year round, due to cold winter season. It is not easy to maintain proper level of productivity of microalgae even in winter. To prevent a drastic decrease of temperature in a greenhouse, two layers were covered additionally, inside the original plastic layer of the greenhouse. The middle layer was made up of plastic and the inner layer, of non-woven fabric. Acrylic transparent bioreactors were constructed to get more sunlight, not only from the upper side but also from the lateral and bottom directions. In winter at freezing temperatures, six different culture conditions were compared in the triply covered, insulated greenhouse. Wastewater after anaerobic digestion was used for the cultivation of microalgae to minimize the production cost. Water temperature in the bioreactors remained above 10℃ on average, even without any external heating system, proving that the triple-layered greenhouse is effective in keeping heat. Algal biomass reached to 0.37g L--1 with the highest temperature, in the experimental group of light-reflection board at the bottom, with nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate of 92% and 99%, respectively. When fatty acid composition was analyzed using gas-chromatography, linoleate (C18 : 3n3) occupied the highest proportion up to 61%, in the all experiment groups. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), however, did not decrease during the cultivation, but rather increased. Although the algal biomass productivity was not comparable to warm seasons, it was possible to maintain water temperature for algae cultivation even in the coldest season, at the minimum cost.