군사법 제도개혁의 핵심과제

이기욱?(Lee, ki-Wook) 한양법학회 2004 漢陽法學 Vol.15 No.-

동창의 임상 및 병리조직학적 소견과 Ki-67 발현 양상

서기석(Ki Seuk Suh),김상태(Sang Tae Kim),이기욱(Ki Wook Lee) 대한피부과학회 1999 대한피부과학회지 Vol.37 No.9

N/A Background : Pernio or chilblain is an abnormal reaction to damp cold air, resulting in pruritic erythematous swellings on acral skin. The histologic features are subepidermal edema, diffuse fluffy edema of endothelial cell, and superficial or superficial and deep perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates. Many studies with a large sample size have been conducted in western countries, but there were no collective studies of pernio that have been reported in Korea. Objective : The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical and histopathologic features of pernio in Korea. Methods : We reviewed the clinical and histopathologic findings in ten patients with pernio who visited the Department of Dermatology, Kosin Medical College Gaspel Hospital during the 10 year period from 1988 to 1997. Results : The results were as follows. 1. The age distribution was in the range of 6∼50 year old. The prevalance was heighest in the third and fourth decade. Sex ratio was 1 : 4 (2 males : 8 females). The duration of symptoms ranged from 4 days to 30 years. All patients developed skin lesions on the acral area. Two male patients developed skin lesions on the hand associated with cold exposure and outdoor works. All patient had itching and burning papules and/or plaques, and one had a painful hard nodule. Laboratory studies were all negative and within normal ranges. 2. Histopathologic features revealed subepidermal edema, diffuse fluffy edema of endothelial cell, and superficial or superficial and deep perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates in all specimens. 3. Treatment includes prophylatic measures against cold and nifedipine(calcium channel inhibiting drug). In more severe cases, pentoxifylline might be helpful. Conclusion : Our study suggests that pernio commonly occurs in twenty to forty year old females during fall and winter. Upon exposure to cold temperatures, the acral skin develops pruritic erythematous papules and plaques. If these lesions persisit for a long time or recur, they may progress to vesicle and ulceration and possibly develop vasculitis which does not respond to therapy well. Thus, a thorough understanding of clinical and histopathologic features of pernio is vital in making a diagnosis, a treatment plan and determining the prognosis. (Korean J Dermatol 1999;37(9) : 1254∼1260)

전자주권제도의 도입에 관한 연구

이기욱,Lee, Ki-Wook 한국디지털정책학회 2009 디지털융복합연구 Vol.7 No.4

Electronic methods are already used in money transfer and credit cards transactions and electronic money and checks, which can substitute cash and coins, are being discussed. Recently, the Acts of Electronic Draft have been enacted, in order to make the money in the market flow efficiently. Also electronic bill of lading has been adopted for the practical use of international shipments. However, despite of the effort from the academia and practice, investments to stocks, especially in the stock exchange, is not quite perfectly electronic. Japan enacted a relevant act in 2004 which make its stock market totally dematerialized. This writing summarizes some issues in interpretation that arise in the course of operation of the Stock Electronic Registration System at the present time of 6 months after it came into effect and its purpose, by doing so, is to prevent in advance the kind of problems in introducing the similar system to Korea.

사육밀도가 강도다리(Platichthys stellatus) 치어의 성장, 사료이용성 및 체조성에 미치는 영향

이기욱(Ki Wook LEE),오화용(Hwa Yong OH),김소선(So-Sun KIM),변순규(Soon-Gyu BYUN),김희성(Hee Sung KIM) 한국수산해양교육학회 2023 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.35 No.6

This study evaluated the effects of stocking density on growth, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus). Starry flounder juvenile were reared at five stocking densities [ratio of body surface area to tank bottom area: 3, 2, 1, 1/2 and 1/3]. At the end of 80 days feeding trial, survival of juvenile starry flounder reared at various density conditions was ≥ 89% and there was no significant difference among all experimental groups. Weight gain of fish at the 3 group was significantly lower than that of fish at the 1 group. Specific growth rate of fish at the 3 groups was significantly lower than that of fish at the 1/3, 1/2 and 1 groups, but not significantly differ from that of fish at the 2 group. Feed consumption of fish at the 1/3 group was significantly lower than that of fish at the 2 and 3 groups, whereas the 1/2 and 1 groups were not showed significantly different. Feed efficiency of fish at the 1 group was significantly higher than that of fish at the 2 and 3 groups, but not significantly differ from that of fish at the 1/3 and 1/2 groups. Hepatosomatic index of fish at the 1/3 group was significantly higher than that of fish at the 2 and 3 groups, whereas the 1/2 and 1 groups were not showed significantly different. Based on these results, the optimum stocking density for juvenile starry flounder (6.7 g/fish) is a ratio of body surface area to bottom area tank of 1.

에너지 효율 제약조건을 가진 센서 네트워크 모니터링 시스템 구현

이기욱(Ki Wook Lee),성창규(Chang Gyu Seong) 한국멀티미디어학회 2010 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.13 No.1

독일에서의 이익충돌과 경영판단의 법칙

이기욱 ( Ki-wook Lee ) 한국법정책학회 2017 법과 정책연구 Vol.17 No.2

자기거래에 있어서 이익충돌상황에 있는 이사가 이사회에서의 심의를 통해서 이익충돌이 없는 다른 이사에게 영향을 미치는 경우를 생각할 수 있다. 외형상이익충돌이 인정되는 거래로 인하여 회사에 손해가 발생한 경우로서 이익충돌이 인정된다면 이익충돌이 없는 이사에게도 손해배상책임을 부담시키는 것도 일리가 있는 것으로 생각된다. 이익충돌이 없는 이사도 이사회의 의사결정에 참여하였기 때문이다. 그러나 다른 한편으로, 그러한 이익충돌거래를 하는 것이 회사에 있어서는 유용한 경영판단인 경우도 또한 있을 수 있다. 이처럼 회사에 있어서는 유용한 경영판단이었음에도 이에 의한 영업이 실패로 끝나고, 그로 인하여 회사에 손해가 발생한 경우, 결과만에 의한 사후적 판단으로 이사에게 회사에 대한 손해배상책임을 지게 하는 것은 지나치게 가혹한 일이라 생각할 수 있다. 이와 관련하여 미국 회사법에서는 성실한 경영판단의 실패로부터 회사에 생기는 손해에 관하여 이사에게 책임을 부담시켜서는 안 된다고 하는 생각에서 경영판단의 법칙(business judgement rule)이라는 법리가 발전되어 왔다. 다만, 이사가 행한 경영판단이 자기 또는 제3자의 이익을 도모하는 것인 경우, 즉 회사와 이익충돌관계에 있는 것인 경우에는 `경영판단의 법칙`이 적용되지 않는다고 학설상 이해되고 있다. 이는 이사에게 넓은 재량이 인정되기 위해서는 이사가 회사의 최선의 이익을 위하여 행위하고 있을 것이 전제가 되기 때문에, 자기와 제3자의 이익을 도모하는 경영판단은 그 전제와 상용하지 않기 때문이다. 그렇다면 일부의 이사에게 이익충돌이 인정되는 경우 이익충돌이 없는 이사의 선관주의의무위반의 유무를 심사함에 있어서 `경영판단의 법칙`을 적용할 수 있는지, 환언하면 이익충돌이 없는 이사에게 `경영판단의 법칙`이 적용되기 위해서는 다른 이사에게도 이익충돌관계가 인정되지 않을 것을 요하는 것인지에 대해서는 검토가 이루어져야 할 것이라고 생각된다. 이 문제에 관한 해결의 실마리로서 독일법에서의 경영판단의 법칙에 대한 논의가 유용한 참고가 된다고 생각한다. 독일의 회사법학에서도 경영판단의 법칙은 일단 판례법리로서 계수되어, 2005년의 주식법의 개정에 의하여 입법화가 이루어졌다. 본고에서는 독일에서의 논의를 참고로 하면서, 이사회의 구성원인이사의 일부에게 이익충돌이 인정되는 경우에 이익충돌이 없는 이사에게 `경영판단의 법칙`이 적용되는지 여부에 대하여 검토한다. Die zentrale Uberwachungsaufgabe des Aufsichtsrats (§ 111 Abs. 1 AktG) ist deutlich weniger von seinem Ermessen gepragt - auch wenn dies hier nicht vollig ausgeschlossen ist. Das Vorstandshandeln muss er auf seine Rechtmaßigkeit, Zweckmaßigkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit hin kontrollieren. Insoweit steht dem Aufsichtsrat kein eigenes unternehmerisches Ermessen zu; die BJR gilt hier nicht. Insbesondere hat er das Ermessen des Vorstands (§ 93 Abs. 2 S. 1 AktG) und dessen Ausubung zu respektieren und darf nicht an dessen Ermessensausubung seine - die des Aufsichtsrats - stellen. Zu prufen hat dieser bloß, ob der Vorstand die ihm gezogenen Ermessensgrenzen uberschritten hat. Sollte das nach seiner Uberzeugung der Fall sein, so muss er in geeigneter Weise eingreifen; dies kann bis zum Ausgleich des eingetretenen Schadens gehen. Allerdings setzt die BJR fur den Zugang zu den Gestaltungsfreiraumen, die sie auch dem Aufsichtsrat fur seine unternehmerischen Entscheidungen und Maßnahmen eroffnet, die Einhaltung bestimmter Anforderungen voraus: Das Aufsichtsratsmitglied darf in keinem Interessenkonflikt befangen sein und muss auf der Grundlage ausreichender Informationen und einer sorgfaltigen Abwagung der widerstreitenden Gesichtspunkte zu den alternativen Entscheidungs- und Handlungsmoglichkeiten seine Entscheidung zum Wohle des Unternehmens und in seinem Interesse fallen oder sonst wie mit diesem Ziel handeln. Dabei darf das Ergebnis des in dieser Weise angelegten Entscheidungsprozesses nicht schlechthin unvertretbar sein. Wer bei einer im Aufsichtsrat anstehenden Entscheidung oder Maßnahme in einen personlichen Interessenkonflikt verstrickt ist, dem versagt die BJR ihre Gestaltungsfreiheit. Schlagt die Entscheidung oder Maßnahme zum Nachteil der Gesellschaft aus, so kann sich das Aufsichtsratsmitglied wegen seines Interessenkonflikts in einem moglichen Haftungsprozess nicht auf sein unternehmerisches Ermessen berufen. Deshalb tut ein solches Ratsmitglied - unabhangig davon, ob es nach allgemeinen Rechtsgrundsatzen von der Beschlussfassung ausgeschlossen ist - schon im eigenen Interesse gut daran, sich von der Beratung und Beschlussfassung im Aufsichtsrat fernzuhalten, soweit der Interessenkonflikt reicht. Ein solch konkreter Konflikt kann auch aus der Nahe des Aufsichtsratsmitglieds zu Dritten herruhren - zu Verwandten etwa oder zu anderen Unternehmen, denen es verbunden ist. Von einem solchen, konkreten Interessenkonflikt sind die institutionellen Konflikte zu unterscheiden, denen Arbeitnehmer-Reprasentanten in mitbestimmten Aufsichtsraten und Reprasentanten des herrschenden Unternehmens im Aufsichtsrat einer Konzerntochtergesellschaft ausgesetzt sein konnen. Diese institutionellen Konflikte versperren nicht schon allein von sich aus den Zugang zur BJR; denn das Aktien- und Mitbestimmungsrecht begrundet diese institutionellen Konflikte oder akzeptiert sie zumindest.

델라웨어회사법과 자유

이기욱 ( Ki Wook Lee ) 경상대학교 법학연구소 2010 法學硏究 Vol.18 No.3

Corporate governance, with its emphasis on board structure and process, has emerged as the predominant focus of directors, their counselors, and courts. Delaware judges have had a substantial role in shaping best practices in corporate governance. Standards of conduct for directors are defined by Delaware statutory law and judge-made articulations of fiduciary duties. The expectations for director conduct evolve over time as business mores evolve, with courts applying the evolving expectations in a common law process in deciding the proper standard of review to apply in specific circumstances. The evolution of expectations means the directors themselves, as well as the courts, must focus on genuine processes, not mere rote, “check the box” drills. Courts should not second-guess the business decisions of directors, and the Delaware courts have not done so. There has been no change in Delaware law of the timehonored business judgment rule, which remains alive and well. The fact that judicial review by Delaware courts of director conduct has resulted in some findings of wrongdoing and liability is primarily a function of intensified judicial focus on process and improved pleading by plaintiffs` lawyers. In order to understand the various levels of review, one must focus continuously on the fact that the business judgment rule does not allow a judicial determination of whether a business decision was objectively reasonable the rule is a rebuttable presumption that the decision was reached by a careful, good faith process and that the result was rational.

방추세포 지방종 일예

이기욱 ( Ki Wook Lee ),장준규 ( Jun Gyu Jang ),채영수 ( Young Soo Chae ),서기석 ( Kee Suck Suh ),김상태 ( Sang Tae Kim ) 대한피부과학회 1998 대한피부과학회지 Vol.36 No.3

Spindle cell lipoma was first described in 1975 by Enzinger and Harvey as a variant of lipomas. Histopathological findings show the lipomatous tissue to be replaced by a mixture of uniform spindle cells and mature fat cells closely associated with a mucoid matrix and a varying number of collagen fibers. Immunohistochemical staining is reported to give assistance in the differential diagnosis af spindle cell lipoma from other fibrous or neural tumors. Also, it can be used to investigate the origin of the spindle cells. We report a case of spindle cell lipoma in a 41-year-old female. She had a solitary, normal skin colored, bean sized, subcutaneous mass on the forearm. Most of the spindle cells were strongly positive for vimentin, CD34 and NSE, but negative for actin, factor VIII, S-100 protein and neuro- filaments. The tumor was excised. No recurrence was recognized in a 10 month follow up period. (Korean J Dermatol 1998;36(3) 528-531)

유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크 기반의 상황 정보 모니터링 시스템 구현

이기욱(Ki-Wook Lee),성창규(Chang-Gyu Sung) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2006 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.11 No.5

유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크 기술은 새로운 컴퓨팅 패러다임인 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅의 핵심 분야로서, 무선 센서 네트워크를 이용한 상황정보 모니터링 시스템에 적합한 기술이다. 이 기술을 모니터링 시스템에 적용하면 열악한 환경에 간편하고 저렴한 비용으로 실시간으로 발생된 상황데이터를 수집 및 분석하여 즉각적인 상황대처와 사용자가 원하는 환경의 조건을 효율적으로 수행할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크 기반에서 무선 노드의 센싱 기술을 이용하여 상황 정보 모니터링 시스템을 구축한다. 제안된 시스템은 수집될 데이터의 양이 적고 지속적인 모니터링이 불필요하고 일정한 간격으로 특정 지역에서 발생되는 상황을 감지하는 작업에 기존 유선 통신을 이용한 상황감시보다는 효율적이다. As a core area of the new computing paradigm, the Ubiquitous Sensor Network Technology utilizes a wireless sensor networking which can be applied to the Context Information Monitoring System. When the technology is used in a poor user-environment for monitoring purposes, it can cost-effectively gather the context data on real-time basis, analyze the information gathered, effectively response to the user situation, and execute orders to create environmental factors desired by the user. This study structures a system able to monitor information in regards to a user-environment based on wireless-node sensor technology coupled with the Ubiquitous Sensor Network Technology. The proposed system requires a minimal collection of data without continuous monitoring. Monitoring periodically, it can sense the user-environment more efficiently than the existing monitoring technologies based on the wire-communication technology.

트래킹주식과 이사의 의무 -미국에서의 논의를 중심으로-

이기욱 ( Ki Wook Lee ) 한국법정책학회 2004 법과 정책연구 Vol.4 No.2