별감복 소고

이경자,Lee Kyung Ja 한국의류학회 1978 한국의류학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Byul-Gam is a low-ranking official who takes charge of sundry services in Yi-Dynasty court, and escorts his king when he make a honored going. Uniforms of Byul-Gam are noted for their gaiety. This study aims at inquiring into uniforms of Byul-Gam through historical records. The resultant findings are as follows: 1) Uniforms of Byul-Gam are divided into full dress and ordinary clothes. 2) The full dress has two kinds of style. One is Dan-Ryung, a kind of robe, clad together with Gun as a headdress. This robe is blue, Gun for king's Byul-Gam violet, and Gun for the Crown Prince's Byul-Gam blue. The other is a combination of yellow Cho-Rip and red Chup-Ri. This is a military uniform. 3) Ordinary dresses for Byul-Gam are orange Cho-Rip and red Jik-Ryung. Underwear in this case is Hyup-Joo-Um and Chup-Ri. Hyup-Joo-Um is a kind of robe. Inside it Korean style of jacket and slacks are usually clad. 4) As time passed, the uniform of Byul-Gam had been changed from Cheong-Dan-Ryung to Hong-Dan-Ryung, and Jik-Ryung had been shifted to a full dress. 5) Only five remains of Jik-Ryung for Byul-Gam have been handed down to us. The analysis of those indicate that they gradually became similar to Duru-Magi, a kind of Korean robe. This fact is common in the other transfiguring process of dresses of robe kind.

관예복식고 -사영과 라장을 중심으로-

이경자,Lee Kyung Ja 한국의류학회 1978 한국의류학회지 Vol.2 No.2

This thesis studied the costumes of Gwan-Rye(관예). the lowest ranking officials of Yi-Dynasty. It researched the written materials and compared it with relics of Gwan-Rye costumes. The gists of the result are; 1) The Koryo tradition of Gwan-Rye costumes continued until the early days of Yi-Dynasty. 2) The Gwan-Rye costumes can be classified into two styles. One is Sa-Ryung(사영) style, which consisted of Dan-Ryung(단령) robe and Jo-Geon(조시) as head gear. Na-Jang(라장) style. the another, consisted of Dan-Ryung. Ban-Bi-Ui(반비의) and Jo-Geon. 3) These styles changed around the days of Yeon-San(연산), the 10th King of the Dynasty. The Na-Jang of later days wore Cheop-Ri(첩리) robe instead of Dan-Ryung. And the Sa-Ryung costume was devided into three different styles. They are (1) Gat(립)- Cheop-Ri (2) Bung-Geo-Ji(단립)-Chang-Ui(창의) (3) Gat- Kwoe-Ja(쾌자) styles.

An Experimental Study on the Effects of X-ray Irradiation and Hyperthermia on the Rat Testis

이경자,Lee, Kyung-Ja The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 1990 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.8 No.1

온열요법이 X-선조사에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위하여 저자는 100 watt, 2450 MHz의 마이크로파 온열기구를 제작하여 백서 60마리를 대상으로 고환에 온열요법 ($43^{\circ}C$, 15분), X-선 조사($2\;Gy\~8\;Gy$ 단독 혹은 병행하여 조직학적 변화를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 2450 MHz 마이크로파 온열요법 단독 시행하여 조직학적 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 2. X-선 조사후 초기변화는 정조세포의 변성을 2 Gy에서 나타나기 시작하였으며 괴사는 6 Gy 후 심하게 보였고 8 Gy 후 완전소실되었다. 3. X-선 조사와 온열요법 병행하여 2 Gy후 정조세포의 괴사와 소실이 나타나기 시작하였으며 6 Gy 후 완전소실되어 열증강율은 1.3 이었다. 4. X-선조사, 온열요법 단독 및 병행후 추적기간 15일군과 30일군의 차이는 관찰할 수 없었다. The effects of both hyperthermia alone and X-ray irradiation combined with hyperthermia on rat testis have been investigated. The histological changes were observed on 15 and 30 days after treatment. There was no histological change of rat testis by hyperthermia alone. The earliest change by X-ray irradiation was the degeneration of the spermatogonia of the seminiferous tubule, which was appeared in 2 Gy group. Necrosis of the spermatogonia was severe in 6 Gy group and complete atrophy was developed in 8 Gy group. With increased dose of radiation, the degree of changes of tubules was increased. In combined group of X-ray irradiation and hyperthermia, the histological change of the seminiferous tubule was more severe than X-ray alone group. Necrosis and atrophy of the spermatogonia were appeared in 2 Gy and complete atrophy of spermatogonia was seen in 6 Gy group. Thermal enhancement ratio (calculated at the complete atrophy of the spermatogonia) was 1.3 in this experiment. There was no difference in observation time inverval between 15 and 30 days after each treatment in all groups.

Design and Thermal Distribution of Microwave Spiral Antenna

이경자,Lee, Kyung-Ja The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 1990 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.8 No.2

Spiral microwave antennas have been developed and measured the thermal distribution in agar phantom. The design has been configured in three types, 3 cm $\phi$ applicator with 24.5 cm length (A type),4 cm $\phi$ with 12.2 cm (B type) and 6 cm $\phi$ with 24.5 cm length (C type). The relative specific absorption rate (SAR) measured in phantom have been used to estimate the depth and profile of effective heating. The applicator of copper antenna with 4 cm $\phi$ diameter and 12.2 cm length (B type) has the most homogeneous (FWHM=3.5 cm) and heating into deep site ($D_{eff}=4\;cm$). 마이크로파온열요법은 피부 및 국소종양에 대한 방사선과 병행요법으로서 치료성과를 얻고 있다. 저자들은 가정용 전기오븐을 이용하여 온도측정 및 조절장치를 할 수 있는 마이크로파온열기를 개발하여 적용가능한 환자를 치료하여 왔다. 그러나 선형단극 안테나로 제작된 applicator는 가열 깊이가 2\~4\;cm$로 낮고 온도분포가 불균일하여 많은 어려움이 있었다. 저자들은 안테나의 길이를 마이크로파의 파장과 같거나 배수로 하여 효율을 높게 하고 모양을 나선형으로 한 applicator를 여러개 제작하여 온열분포를 측정하였다. 안테나 길이가 파장과 같은 12.2cm이고 직경 4 cm 의 나선형모양을 가진 applicator의 온열분포가 대칭적이고 넓으며 (FWHM =3.5 cm) 보다 깊이 가열할 수 있어 ($D_{eff}=4\;cm$) 온열치료에 많은 도움을 줄 수 있다고 사료된다.

횐쥐의 대장점막에 Paclitaxel(Taxol)과 방사선조사의 효과

이경자,Lee Kyung-Ja 대한방사선종양학회 1999 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.17 No.1

목적 : Paclitaxel(Taxol)은 미소관의 집합을 촉진시키고 분해를 방지하여 세포주기 중 유사분열을 정지시킴으로써 방사선조사와 병용할 경우 방사선감작제로서의 가능성이 있다. 흰쥐의 대장점막에서 paclitaxel이 방사선의 효과에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 본 실험을 시도하였다. 대상 및 방법 :실험군은 세군으로 나누어 paclitaxel 단독군은 paciltaxel 10mg/kg을 복강내 1회 주입하였고, 방사조사 단독군은 8Gy를 전복부에 단일조사하였으며, paclitaxel과 방사선 병용군은 paclitaxel(10mg/kg)을 복강내 주입 후 24시간에 방사선조사 단독군과 동일한 방법으로 조사하였다. 실험완료 후 대장점막에서 유사분열수, apoptosis와 기타 점막의 변화를 시간별로(6시간$\~$5일) 비교관찰하였다. 결과 : Paclitaxel 주입시 대장점막에서 유사분열의 빈도는 증가되지 않았고 apoptosis는 주입 후 24시간에 관찰할 수 있었으며, 소수포형성, 비정형성 및 배상세포의 감소는 paclitaxel 주입 후 6시간부터 3일까지 심하게 보였다. 방사선 조사 단독시 apoptosis는 6시간과 24시간에 관찰할 수 있었으며, 대장점막의 소수포형성, 비정형성 잊 배상세포의 감소는 24시간에 보이기 시작하여 3일에 심하게 보였다. Paclltaxel 주입 후 24시간에 방사선조사하여 apoptosls는 3일에 나타났으며 소수포형성, 비정형성 및 배상세포의 감소는 6시간부터 3일까지 나타났다. Paclitaxel과 방사선의 병용군에서 방사선조사 단독군에 비하여 apoptosis는 증가되지 않았으나, 소수포형성, 비정형성 및 배상세포의 감소는 6시간과 24시간에 증가되었으며(P<0.05), 이것은 방사선과 paclitaxel의 각각의 세포독성의 첨가효과가 있었다. 결론 : 흰쥐 대장에서 paclitaxel은 유사분열에 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 방사선조사에 의한 세포손상과 동일한 변화로 apoptosis, 소수포형성, 비정형성 및 배상세포의 감소를 유발하였다. Paclitaxel과 방사선조사 병용군에서 대장점막에 소수포형성, 비정형성 및 배상세포 감소가 방사선조사 단독군에 비하여 현저히 증가되어 paclitaxel은 방사선에 대하여 첨가효과가 있었다. Purpose : Paclitaxel is a chemotherapeutic agent with a potent microtubule stabilizing activity that arrests mitosis at G2-M phase of cell cycle which is the most radiosensitive period. Therefore paclitaxel is considered as a cell cycle-specific radiosensitizer. This study investigates the effect of paclitaxel on the radiation response of the normal large bowel mucosa of the rat. Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into the three groups i.e., single intraperitoneal infusion of paclitaxel (10 mg/kg), a single fraction of irradiation (8 Gy, x-ray) to the whole abdomen, and a combination of irradiation (8 Gy, x-ray) given 24 hours after paclitaxel infusion. The histological changes as well as kinetics of mitotic arrest and apoptosis were evaluated on the large bowel mucosa at 6 hours, 1 day, 3 days and 5 days after treatment with paclitaxel alone, radiation alone and combination of paclitaxel and radiation. Results : The incidence of the mitotic arrest was not increased by paclitaxel infusion. The apoptosis appeared in 24 hours after paclitaxel infusion, and the histopathologic changes such as vesiculation, atypia and reduction of the goblet cell of the mucosa of the large bowel were demonstrated during the period from 6 hours to 3 days after, and returned to normal in 5 days after paclitaxel infusion. In irradiated group, the apoptosis was increased in 6 and 24 hours after irradiation, and the histopathologic changes of the mucosa were appeared in 24 hours and markedly increased in 3 days and returned to normal in 5 days. In combined group of irradiation and paclitaxel infusion, the apoptosis was appeared in 3 days and the histopathologic changes appeared during the period from 6 hours to 3 days after infusion. On the basis of the incidence of apoptosis and the degree of the histopathologic changes of the large bowel mucosa, there seemed to be additive effect by paclitaxel on radiation rather than sensitizing effect. Conclusions: The histopathological changes of large bowel mucosa in combined group compared to radiation alone group suggested an additive effect of paclitaxel on radiation response in the large bowel of rat.

11세 소아에서 아급성 괴사성 림프절염에 합병된 간염 1례

이경자,차한,팽성숙,Lee, Kyung-Ja,Tchah, Hann,Paeng, Sung-Suk 대한소아소화기영양학회 2000 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.3 No.2

아급성 괴사성 림프절염은 주로 젊은 여성에서 흔한 양성 질환으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 소아에서도 드물지 않게 보고가 있어 소아 불명열의 원인으로서 생각되어져야 한다. 아울러 전형적인 증상들 외에 간염이 동반될 수도 있는데 이 경우 예후는 양호하며 특이한 간조직 소견을 보이지는 않는다. 저자들은 아급성 괴사성 림프절염의 진단이 내려진 환아에서 합병된 간염을 경험하고 간조직검사를 시행하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis was first reported by Kikuchi and Fujimoto in 1972. Young females no more than 30 years of age are mainly affected. It usually manifests as fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. We experienced one case of subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis with hepatic complication in an 11-year-old boy. Symptoms presented were URI signs, diarrhea, headache, and weight loss along with fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. Elevated serum AST/ALT levels were also noted up to 682/1560 (IU/L) and were normalized within one month. We performed aspiration biopsy of the liver twice (at admission and 5 months thereafter). The hepatic histopathologic findings were nonspecific.

비외과적 소화기질환 환아들의 응급실 이용양상에 대한 전향적 조사연구

이경자,차한,Lee, Kyung-Ja,Tchah, Hann 대한소아소화기영양학회 2001 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.4 No.1

목 적: 응급실을 내원한 환아들에 대한 보고들 가운데 소화기질환 환아들의 응급실 이용양상에 대한 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 이에 저자들은 소아과의사가 응급실에서도 흔히 보게 되는 비외과적 소화기질환 환아들의 응급실 이용양상에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년 1월 1일부터 1999년 12월 31일까지 만 2년간 서울적십자병원 응급실에 내원한 (15세 미만의) 환아 중 비외과적 소화기질환 환아 1,228명을 대상으로 응급일지 및 병력일지를 근거로 하여 초진여부, 성, 연령, 계절, 질병종류, 내원시간, 체류시간, 입원율 등 응급실 이용에 관한 사항들을 전향적으로 관찰 조사하였다. 결 과: 1) 초진 환아는 60.7%이었고 1세에서 3세 사이의 환자가 30.7%로 가장 많았으며, 학동 전기인 6세 미만은 80.4%를 차지하였다. 남녀비는 1.3대 1이었다. 2) 월별 계절별로 비교적 고른 분포를 보이고 있으나 동절기와 하절기에 비교적 많았으며 내원시간은 오후 8시에서 자정까지가 35.9%로 가장 많았고 오전 4시에서 7시까지가 7.6%로 가장 적었다. 3) 체류시간은 30분에서 1시간 사이가 46.1%로 가장 많았으며 2시간 이내가 95%를 차지했는데 전체환아의 평균 체류시간은 0.86시간이었다. 4) 질환별 분포에서 급성 위장관염이 44.3%로 제일 많았고 분변폐색 및 변비 21.3%, 급성 위염16.4%, 장중첩증 4.6%, 영아 산통 4.3%, 장염 3.6%, 장폐색 1.1%, 장경련 0.6%, 장간막 림프절염 0.5%, 기능성 위장장애 0.4%, 궤양 0.2%의 순이었으며 위장관 출혈, 식중독, 식도염은 각각 0.1%이었고 특별히 진단명을 추정하지 못했던 경우는 2.4%이었다. 5) 주요 질환 5가지의 연령별 분포를 살펴볼 때 급성 위장관염과 급성 위염은 1~2세 사이에서 각각 37.7%와 26.4%로 가장 빈도가 높은 데 비해서 분변폐색 및 변비는 3~5세에서 33.2%로 빈도가 가장 높았으며, 장중첩증은 1세 미만에서 54.4%로 가장 빈도가 높았고 영아 산통은 1세 미만에서 83.0%이었다. 월별 분포에서는 급성 위장관염과 급성 위염이 동절기인 12월에 각각 12.7%와 17.9%로 가장 빈도가 높았으며 분변폐색 및 변비는 11월에 13.4%, 6월에 12.2%로 동절기와 하절기에 빈도가 높았고, 장중첩증은 5월에 24.6%로 가장 빈도가 높았으며 영아 산통은 비교적 고른 분포를 보였으나 7월과 9월에 동일하게 13.2%로 가장 빈도가 높았다. 시간별 분포에서는 5가지 주요 질환 모두 오후 8시에서 자정 사이에 가장 많았다. 6) 입원은 19.6%를 차지했으며 치료 후 귀가는 80.0%이었고 전원은 0.1%이었으며 사망은 한 명도 없었다. 결 론: 응급실에 내원한 비외과적 소화기질환 환아는 보호자에게나 담당 소아과 의사에게나 가볍게 여겨질 수 없는데 전체적인 분포는 이전의 연구에서와 큰 차이가 없었지만 각각의 질병에 따른 분포에는 차이가 있었다. Purpose: There have been few reports about common gastrointestinal diseases in children visiting emergency room. The aim of this study was to present basic data and their meanings about emergency room utilization in children with nonsurgical gastrointestinal disorders. Methods: The authors prospectively studied 1,228 consecutive children with gastrointestinal diseases, amongst 6,179 nonsurgical pediatric patients who visited the emergency room of Seoul Red Cross Hospital from Jan. 1st 1998 to Dec. 31st 1999. Results: 1) First visit was 60.7% of total visits and 30.7% were between 1 and 3 years of age while 80.4% were below 6 years of age. Male patients were predominant by a ratio of 1.3:1. 2) The peak month of visits was December (12.1%), and the peak time of visits was between 8:00 pm and midnight (35.9%). Average length of stay at emergency room of the total patients were 0.86 hour. 3) Five major diseases were acute gastroenteritis (44.3%), fecal impaction &/or constipation (21.3%), acute gastritis (16.4%), intussusception (4.6%), and infantile colic (4.3%) in order. 4) 19.6% of the total patients were hospitalized. Conclusion: There were differences in various distributions regarding each nonsurgical gastrointestinal disease entity in children visiting emergency room even though distributions of the total patients in our study were not so different from those in previous reports by others.

The Effect of Irradiation and Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) in the Rat Brain : Analysis of Histopathology at 3 and 6 Months after Treatment

이경자,장승희,구혜수,Lee Kyung-Ja,Chang Seung-Hee,Koo Heasoo The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 1998 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.16 No.2

목적 : 흰쥐의 전뇌에 방사선조사 후 cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)(cisplatin)을 복강내 주입하여 cisplatin이 방사선에 의한 후기 뇌손상(3개월, 6개월)에 미치는 효과를 알기 위하여 이 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 및 재료 : 흰쥐를 방사전조사군, cisplatin군, 방사선조사와 cisplatin 병용군으로 분류하였다. 방사선조사군은 선형가속기를 사용하여 20 Gy, 22.5 Gy의 x-ray를 각각 횐쥐의 전뇌에 단일조사하였다. Cisplatin군은 2, 4, 8mg/kg을 각각 복강내에 1회 주입하였다. 병용군은 방사선조사(20 Gy, 22.5 Gy) 후 즉시 cisplatin(2mg/kg)를 복강내에 1회 주입하였다. 각 군에 따라 치료 후 3개월과 6개월에 동물을 희생시키고 뇌의 조직병리학적 검사를 시행하였다. 결과 : Cisplatin군은 맥락총에 상피성 공포형성과 혈관주위의 부종 및 혈관의 확장이 3개월에 보였으며, 채상과 대뇌반구에 다원성 괴사가 3개월과 6개월에 나타났다. 방사선조사군과 병용군에서 뇌의 후기 방사선손상의 특징인 국소적 응고성 괴사와 혈관의 변화가 현저하게 나타났으며 현저한 혈관주위와 연수막에 성상세포의 증식은anti-GFAP 항체검사로 확인되었다. 방사선조사에 의한 혈관변화와 성상세포의 증식이 cisplatin에 의해서 증가되지는 않았다. 결론 : Cisplatin과 방사선조사에 의한 후기 뇌손상의 변화로 국소적 괴사가 양군에서 동시에 나타남으로서 뇌손상의 정도를 추정하는데 괴사가 지표인자로 이용될 수 있다고 본다. Cisplatin이 방사선에 의한 혈관의 변화와 성상세포의 증식에는 영향을 미치지 않았으므로, 뇌에서 cisplatin과 방사선의 상호작용을 파악하기 위해서는 향후 더 많은 실험이 필요하다. Purpose : To evaluate the late effect(3 and 6 months) of cis-diarnrninedichlo-roplatinum(II)(cisplatin) on the radiation brain damage when the cisplatin was intraperitoneally infused immediately after whole brain irradiation in the rats. Materials and Methods : The histolopathological findings of the brain were examined in rat brains at 3 and 6 months after the treatment. The rats were irradiated(20 or 22.5 Gy, RT) or cisplatin was injected intraperitoneally(2,4, or 8mg/kg, CT) and in combined treatment group, cisplatin(2mg/kg) was injected immediately after irradiation(20 or 22.5 Gr). Histopathological examination was done mostly in irradiation or cisplatin alone groups, because the rats in combined group died during experimental period except 2 rats. Results : The rats treated with cisplatin showed marked epithelial vacuolation with perivascular edema and vascular dilatation in choroid plexus at 3 months as well as multifocal necrosis involving fimbria and cerebellar hemispheres at 3 and 6 months. The changes were more prominent in rats with 2mg/kg injection compared to rats with 8mg/kg injection. The rats with RT and combined CT and RT showed characteristic delayed irradiation effects such as focal coagulation necrosis and vascular changes, which were more marked than previous reports Prominent perivascular and leptomenin-geal astrocytic Proliferation was well documented by anti-GFAP antibody. Cisplatin treatment did not enhance the effect of radiation-induced changes of blood vessels and astrocytic proliferation. Conclusion : The focal necrosis was the most consistently noted finding in this study, it suggested the possibility to use this as an evaluation factor for combined effects of RT and cisplatin.

아민 흡수제의 화학구조에 따른 휘발 특성

이경자 ( Kyung Ja Lee ),이지현 ( Ji Hyun Lee ),곽노상 ( No Sang Kwak ),이인영 ( In Young Lee ),김준한 ( Jun Han Kim ),엄용석 ( Yong Seok Eom ),장경룡 ( Kyung Ryoung Jang ),심재구 ( Jae Goo Shim ),이용택 ( Yong Taek Lee ) 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.50 No.2

Amine volatility occurring on the CO2 capture process may result in significant economic losses and environmental impact. In this study, using an volatility measurement apparatus, we measured a amine volatility of various amines including MEA (Monoethanolamine), MDEA (N-Methyldiethanolamine), Pz (Piperazine), AMP (2-Amino-2-methyl-1- propanol), 2-MP (2-Methylpiperazine), DGA (Diglycolamine). For the quantitative analysis of volatility, we analyzed the effects of temperature and CO2 loading using an gas chromatography analysis, The result shows that the amine volatility was increased by increasing Henry`s constant (MDEA<DGA<Pz<2-MP<MEA<AMP). And primary amines such as MEA and AMP were more volatile than MDEA, These results are considered from the difference of molecular structures: MDEA having two hydroxyl groups (-OH) shows less volatile than primary Amine which have only one hydroxyl group (for MEA & AMP) and two hydrophobic alkyl groups (-CH3) (for AMP).

京畿道 華城郡 農村의 乳兒營養法 實態調査

이경자(Kyung Ja Lee),이보숙(Bo Sook Yi),모수미(Sumi Mo) 한국식품영양과학회 1983 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.12 No.1

An ecological survey of early childhood nutrition was conducted from January 23 to February 18, to study the feeding method and weaning practice in Whaseong-gun, Kyonggi-do. This study covered a total of 283 children.<br/> Seventy three percent of the subjects had been breast-fed; 10% had been bottle-fed; others had been combination-fed before the introduction of supplementary foods. Only 26.9% of the subjects began to be fed supplementary food before the age of 6 months. The supplementary food used most frequently by the majority of children at the beginning of weaning was plain cooked rice; rarely special preparation, or different from the food eaten by the family. As for age of termination of breast feeding, 42.7% of the subjects were before 12 months; 32.8% were between 13 and 18 months of age; 24.5% were more than 19 months old. As for methods of stopping breast feeding, 44.5% of the subjects were naturally terminated while 38.5% were forced to terminate by the application of sticking plaster or medicines to the mother’ s nipples.<br/> The results indicate a need for nutrition and hygiene intervention to improve the weaning practice of rural area through the community nutrition education.