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Al<sub>2</sub>Ga<sub>x-1</sub>A<sub>3</sub>-GaA<sub>s</sub> 양자우물에서 시도함수에 따른 결합에너지
이건영,이무상,전상국,Lee, Kun-Young,Lee, Mu-Sang,Chun, Sang-Kook 한국전기전자재료학회 2005 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.18 No.9
The binding energy in the n-type $GaAs/Al_xGa_{1-x}As$ quantum well is calculated. The shooting method, modified from the finite difference method, is used for the calculation of the subband energy level and its wave function. In order to account tot the change of the potential energy due to the charged particles, impurities and electrons, the self consistent method is employed. The wave function used for the calculation of the binding energy is assumed to be composed of the envelope function and hydrogenic 1s function. Then, the binding energies calculated by taking into account lot two different types of the hydrogenic 1s function are compared.
심박변이도(Heart Rate Variability) 측정을 통한 다한증(多汗症)환자의 자율신경계(自律神經系)기능 평가
이건영,이형구,정승기,정희재,Lee, Kun-Young,Lee, Hyung-Koo,Jung, Sung-Ki,Jung, Hee-Jae 대한한방내과학회 2008 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.29 No.1
Objectives : Essential hyperhidrosis is a socially and occupationally disabling disorder. There are many suggestions that hyperhidrosis is associated with the autonomic nervous system. This study was designed to investigate the autonomic nerve system the patients with hyperhidrosis. Methods : 348 palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis patients and 20 systemic hyperhidrosis patients in the ambulatory care were investigated. All patients were inspected at the first medical examination, using the PSA of HRV. HRV was measured for 5 minutes after 5 minutes' bed rest. We checked the frequency domain analysis of HRV (i.e. TP, VLF, LF, HF and LF/HF) which were transformed into natural logarithm of patients against the standard measures of the HRV components. Then, we compared the means of patients with means and highest values of in the normal range of Koreans 1) between the patients with palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis and the healthy controls and 2) between the patients with the systemic hyperhidrosis and healthy controls, by the frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), respectively. We then compared the results between 1) and 2). Results : The values of natural logarithmic measures of LF/HF ratio in the patients with palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis we examined were significantly higher than the values of healthy controls, but those in the patients with systemic hyperhidrosis were not higher. Conclusion : This study suggests that the autonomic nervous function did not simply increase but that the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous function did matter in patients with palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis. This balance included that the sympathetic nervous function aggravated comparatively with parasympathetic nervous function. On the other hand, we couldn't find any significance of the patients with the systemic hyperhidrosis as for the autonomic nervous function.
심박변이도 측정을 통한 두한증(頭汗證) 환자의 자율신경계 기능 평가
이건영,황준호,이성헌,정승연,이형구,정승기,정희재,Lee, Kun-Young,Hwang, Joon-Ho,Lee, Sung-Hun,Jeong, Seung-Yeon,Rhee, Hyung-Koo,Jung, Sung-Ki,Jung, Hee-Jae 대한한방내과학회 2006 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.27 No.4
Objectives : Essential hyperhidrosis is a socially and occupationally disabling disorder. There are many suggestions that hyperhidrosis is associated with the autonomic nervous system, especiallythe sympathetic system. This study was designed to investigate the autonomic nerve system in patients with essential hyperhidrosis and healthy controls by the frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). Methods : 17 head-hyperhidrosis patients in the ambulatory care were investigated. All were inspected at the first medical examination. using the PSA of HRV. HRV was measured for minutes after 5 minutes bed rest. We checked the frequency domain analysis of HRV (i.e. TP, VLF, LF, HF) which were transformed into natural logarithm of patients against the standard measures of the HRV components. Then we compared the values of patients with means of normal Korean subjects. Results : The values of natural logarithmic measure of HRV (LnTP, LnHF, LnLF, LnVLF) of patients With head-hyperhidrosis we examined were $6.85{\pm}1.61$, $4.93{\pm}$2.00, $5.40{\pm}1.83$, and $6.13{\pm}1.37$, respectively. None of these values were higher than means of normal subjects. Conclusions : This study suggests that the function of the autonomic nervous system does not increase in patients with head-hyperhidrosis.
실시간 재배치를 통한 카쉐어링 서비스 최적화에 관한 연구
이건영(Kun Young Lee),이형석(Hyung Seok Lee),홍요한(Wyo Han Hong),고성석(Sung Seok Ko) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2016 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.39 No.2
Recently, owing to the development of ICT industry and wide spread of smart phone, the number of people who use car sharing service are increased rapidly. Currently two-way car sharing system with same rental and return locations are mainly operated since this system can be easily implemented and maintained. Currently the demand of one-way car sharing service has increase explosively. But this system have several obstacle in operation, especially, vehicle stock imbalance issues which invoke vehicle relocation. Hence in this study, we present an optimization approach to depot location and relocation policy in one-way car sharing systems. At first, we modelled as mixed-integer programming models whose objective is to maximize the profits of a car sharing organization considering all the revenues and costs involved and several constraints of relocation policy. And to solve this problem efficiently, we proposed a new method based on particle swarm optimization, which is one of powerful meta-heuristic method. The practical usefulness of the approach is illustrated with a case study involving satellite cities in Seoul Metrolitan Area including several candidate area where this kind systems have not been installed yet and already operating area. Our proposed approach produced plausible solutions with rapid computational time and a little deviation from optimal solution obtained by CPLEX Optimizer. Also we can find that particle swarm optimization method can be used as efficient method with various constraints. Hence based on this results, we can grasp a clear insight into the impact of depot location and relocation policy schemes on the profitability of such systems.
복령다당체에 의한 NF-κB/Rel의 핵내 이동 활성화
이건영(Kun-Young Lee),김한용(Han-Young Kim),전영진(Young-Jin Jeon),장인엽(In-Youb Chang) 대한해부학회 2004 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.37 No.3
The sclerotium of Poria cocos Wolf, which grows on the roots of pine trees, has long been used as a sedative and diuretic (Chang and But, 1987). The accumulating data revealed that certain ingredients of the sclerotium of Poria cocos showed anti-tumor activities (Kanayama, 1986). Although the mechanism of anti-tumor activity is not known, the polysaccharides may potentiate the host defense mechanism through the activation of immune system. In the present study we show that PCSC22, a polysaccharide isolated from the sclerotium of Poria cocos with one percent sodium carbonate, significantly induces nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) transcription. To further investigate the mechanism responsible for the induction of iNOS gene expression, we investigated the effect of PCSC22 on the activation of NF-κB/Rel, whose binding site was located in the promoter of iNOS gene. Immunohisto-chemical staining of p65 and p50 showed that PCSC22 produced strong induction of NF-κB/Rel nuclear translocation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) further confirmed the activation of NF-κB/Rel by PCSC22. In conclusion, we demonstrate that PCSC22 stimulates macrophages to express iNOS gene through the activation of NF-κB/Rel. 복령균핵(sclerotium of Poria cocos)은 진정제와 이뇨제로 사용되었으며, 또한 항경련작용과 항염증작용도 보고되었다. 최근의 항종양활성 보고로 미루어 면역계 활성을 통해 숙주의 방어 기전을 한층 더 강하게 해줄 것으로 추측된다. 복령균핵으로부터 정제된 다당체인 PCSC22가 일산화질소(nitric oxide, NO)를 증가시키고, inducible NO synthase (iNOS)의 전사를 유도하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 실험에서는 복령균핵이 대식세포에 작용하여 iNOS 유전자의 발현을 증가시키는 기전을 밝히기 위해 면역형광염색, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), reporter gene assay 등을 실시하였다. 면역형광염색 소견에서 NF-κB/Rel의 구성단백질 중 하나인 p65단백질은 세포질에서 발현되고 있으며, PCS22를 처리하면 p65단백질이 핵으로 이동함을 알 수 있었다. PCSC22를 처리한 RAW 264.7세포에서 nuclear extract를 추출하여 EMSA로 분석한 결과, PCSC22에 의해 NF-κB/Rel이 DNA에 강하게 결합됨을 확인하였다. NF-κB/Rel과 iNOS 발현과의 관련성을 알아보기 위하여 NF-κB/Rel의 특이적 저해제인 SN50를 사용한 결과 SN50가 PCSC22에 의한 NO 생성을 저해함을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로, PCSC22는 대식세포에 작용하여 iNOS 유전자의 발현이 자극되는 대식세포의 활성화는 전사촉진제인 NF-κB/Rel의 활성화를 통하여 유도되는 것으로 사료된다.
박은경,이건영,정용태,동경래,지연상,Park, Eun-Gyung,Lee, Kun-Young,Jung, Young-Tae,Dong, Kyung-Rae,Ji, Youn-Sang 대한디지털의료영상학회 2010 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지 Vol.12 No.2
In order to demonstrate the value of long-distance radiography, we have studied how distance affects images in chest frontal radiography and compared short-distance and long-distance images in chest lateral radiography. Cardiothoracic ratio(CTR %) of 50 patients with no disease in the chest(10 each at the age of 20~60) were evaluated in Supine AP(100 cm), Sitting AP(100 cm), Sitting AP(180 cm), and Erect PA(180 cm). In lateral radiography, we evaluated and compared left lateral radiography(100 cm and 180 cm) of the patients based on the horizontal maximum of the heart. The average value of CTR(%) were 0.48 in Erect PA(180 cm), 0.52 in Supine AP(100 cm), 0.50 in Sitting AP(100 cm), 0.49 in Sitting AP(180 cm), which were Supine AP(100 cm) > Sitting AP(100 cm) > Sitting AP(180 cm) > Erect PA(180 cm). The average value of Maximum transverse diameter of left of the cardiac(MLD), which showed how much axis of spine was slanted to the left, was 90.67 mm in Erect PA(180 cm), 103.92 mm in Supine AP(100 cm), 93.54 mm in Sitting(100 cm), 89.84 mm in Sitting AP(180 cm), 58.11 mm in the minimum value and 118.79 mm in the maximum value. The average value of Maximum transverse diameter of right side of the cardiac(MRD), which suggested how much axis of spine was slanted to the right, was 47.18 mm in Erect PA(180 cm), 48.12 mm in Supine AP(100 cm), 44.98 mm in Sitting AP(180 cm), and the minimum value 26.84 mm and the maximum value 65.30 mm. There was no standard method to calculate; therefore, the horizontal maximum of the heart was used for lateral radiography. The average value was 121.07 mm in 100 cm and 109.76 mm in 180 cm. Sitting AP(180 cm) among the types was closest to C-PA(180 cm). As a result, during C-AP radiography, long-distance radiography lessened shadow of the heart more than that of short distance, Sitting position more than Supine position.
허실변증(虛實辨證)과 가미청상보하탕(加味淸上補下湯)의 임상효과
이재성,정승연,이건영,이경기,정희재,이형구,정승기,최준용,Lee, Jae-Sung,Jeong, Seung-Yeon,Lee, Kun-Young,Lee, Kyung-Ki,Jung, Hee-Jae,Rhee, Hyung-Koo,Jung, Sung-Ki,Choi, Jun-Yong 대한한방내과학회 2004 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.25 No.3
Objectives: The aim was to compare and analyse the clinical effects between excess syndrome and deficiency syndrome in asthmatics through treatment with herbal dicoction, Gamichuongsangboha-tang. Materials and Methods: The subjects consisted of 30 patients with asthma and were treated with Gamichuongsangbohatang for four weeks. All patients were divided into three groups as Excess Syndrome Group(ESG), Deficiency Syndrome Group(DSG) and Coexistence Syndrome Group(CSG). PHs were checked before and 4 weeks after treatments, and QLQAKAs were checked three times; before treatments, 2 and 4 weeks after treatments. The results of QLQAKA and PH were compared and analysed between ESG, DSG and CSG. Results: Treatment of Gamichuongsangboha-tang resulted in a significant increase of QLQAKA during the first two weeks in DSG and during the last two weeks in ESG. FEV1% and PEFR% significantly increased in both DSG and ESG. There were no significanctly changes of QLQAKA and PH in CSG. Conclusions: Observations suggest that asthma in DSG was more immediately and effectively managed through treatment with Gamichuongsangboha-tang than in ESG and CSG in ease of breading and pulmonary function.