햄·소시지제품에 대한 소비자 의식 및 구매 실태

조수현,박범영,진구복,유영모,채현석,안종남,이종문,윤상기 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.2

본 설문조사는 국내 육가공제품의 시장에 대한 소비자 의식과 구매형태를 파악하고 시장확대를 위한 기본방안 구축을 위하여 10월부터 12개월까지 3개월 조사한 결과이다. 육가공제품의 구입횟수는 월 1∼2회로 구입하는 소비자가 40.73%로 가장 많았고 그 다음이 주 1∼2회 구입하는 것(28.07%)으로 나타났다. 햄과 소시지를 구분할 수 있는지에 대한 질문에 구분한다가 86.75%로 나타난 반면 구분하지 못한다가 13.25%로 나타났다. 햄과 소시지를 구분하지 못하는 소비자들은 그 이유로서 두 제품의 고기 함량 및 첨가내용물들이 비슷하여서라는 응답이 47.19%로 가장 많았다. 햄과 소시지를 구입할 때 가장 중요하게 고려하는 사항은 회사명(brand name)인 것으로 나타났으며(32.76%) 원료육의 종류(16.53%), 유통기한(16.38%) 및 원료육 생산지(16.23%)인 것으로 나타났다. 햄 또는 소시지 구입시 제품설명 표시내용을 읽느냐는 질문에 응답자들 중 72.25%가 그렇다고 응답한 반면 27.25%는 읽지 않는다고 응답하였다. 소비자들은 햄과 소시지 구입시 불만사항으로 소비자들이 제품내에 고기보다는 결착제를 비롯한 다른 첨가제들이 많아서 고기맛을 거의 느낄 수 없다고 응답하였으며(47.65%), 외관 및 내용물이 비슷한 제품이 너무 많다고 응답한 소비자 및 맛이 없다고 응답한 소비자가 각각 27.70%, 11.62%인 것으로 나타났다. 햄 및 소시지 제품에 대한 요구사항으로 고기 함량이 높은 제품을 생산하기를 원한다고 응답한 소비자가 64.04%였다. 햄과 소시지 제품 판매시 품질에 따른 가격차등제 실시에 대하여 찬성한다고 응답한 소비자가 83.54%인 것으로 나타나 현재 많은 소비자들이 햄과 소시지 제품의 품질에 따른 가격차등제 실시를 원하는 것으로 나타났다. 우리나라도 품질에 따른 등급 기준 설정과 품질별 가격차등제 실시를 통하여 육가공 제품시장의 확대가 가능할 것으로 판단되며 이는 국내돈육의 비선호부위의 소비촉진도 가능할 것이다. Consumer survey(n=1,343) was carried out to investigate the consumer's perception, purchase behavior and demand on the processed meat products. Most consumers purchased the ham and sausage products once a month (40.73%). Consumers(47.19%) didn't distinguish between ham and sausage products due to the similarity of meat contents and additives in products. Consumers(72.75%) considered the product label when they purchased whereas 27.25% of consumers were not interested in the product label. Consumers(47.65%) were not satisfied with ham and sausage products because there were too much additives other than meat, there were many similar processed products in kinds and appearance(27.70%) and they could hardly detect meat taste(11.62%). Consumers demanded to produce the ham and sausage products which contain high meat contents(64.04%). Consumers were favored with establishment of the price differential system depending on the quality based on meat contents in the product(83.54%). In conclusion, the establishment of the price differential system depending on quality as well as the quality grading system for processed meat products is needed not only to increase the processed meat market but also increase the pork consumption especially for non-preferred pork portions.

rbST 투여가 Holstein 비육우의 혈중 및 도체 호르몬 농도 변화에 미치는영향

김준식,김종복,김현섭,권응기,남기택,윤상기 한국동물자원과학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.4

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of rbST administration on the changes in the concentration of blood and carcass hormones in Holstein bulls and steers. A total of thirty-two Holstein calves including twenty-four Holstein steers castrated at about 2 months after birth were randomly assigned to one of four treatments; bull group, steer group (only castration), rbST₁ group (steer injected with rbST at about 80kg BW) and rbST₂ group (steer injected with rbST at about 300㎏ BW). rbST was injected every 14 days at the dose of 0.03㎎/㎏/day in turn on the rump and the shoulder. Serum bST concentration at 100㎏ BW was higher in rbST, group (39.08ng/㎖) than in steer group (7.80ng/㎖), and also that at 500 and 650㎏ BW were higher in rbST treatment groups (1.15-3.98ng/㎖) than in steer group (0.33-0.63ng/㎖). The highest serum bST concentration by the lapse of time after rbST injection (0, 2, 7, 10, 14d) was obtained at 2 days after bST injection in rbST₂ group (26.40ng/㎖), which was about 2.8-10.4 times higher compared with that in rbST₁ group (9.50ng/㎖) and in steer group (2.55ng/㎖). IGF-I concentration was also highest 2 days after bST injection in order of rbST₂(442.41), rbST₁(333.38) and rbST_0 (187.40ng/㎖). Serum cortisol concentration was increased as the growth stage progressed in all treatments, especially showing increase of 1.15-1.63㎍/㎗ at 300㎏ BW. Cortisol concentration in steer groups after 300㎏ BW tended to be higher than any other groups. The bST concentrations in rump, shoulder, muscle, kidney and liver were not significantly different between rbST treatment and rbST non-treatment group, but tended to be increased in rbST compared to non-rbST treatment. In conclusion, additional studies on livestock products treated by rbST are continuously to be needed in considering palatability of consumers who prefer a high quality and safe food products.

rbST 의 투여 시기가 Holstein 거세우의 혈액성상 및 혈중 대사물질 변화에 미치는 영향

김준식,홍병주,김현섭,권응기,남기택,윤상기 한국동물자원과학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.3

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of rbST administration on hematological values, blood chemistry components and hormone changes in Holstein steers. Twenty-four Holstein steers castrated at 2 months after birth were randomly assigned to one of three treatments; control (rbST non-treatment, rbST_0), rbST treatment at about 80㎏ BW (rbST₁) and rbST treatment at about 300㎏ BW (rbST₂). rbST was injected every 14 days at the dose of 0.03㎎/㎏/day in turn on the rump and the shoulder. The values of RBC, Hb and HCT at the treatment of rbST were significantly decreased compared to rbST_0 (p $lt; .05), regardless of rbST injection time. Glucose concentration was highest at about 300㎏ BW in all treatments, especially significantly higher at rbST treatment groups than at rbST non-treatment group(p $lt; .05). BUN and albumin cocentrations appeared to be decreased in the rbST treatment groups from about 300㎏ BW. Total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were responsed differently according to growth stage and rbST treatment, and total protein, Ca and P concentrations were not significantly different among treatments. Serum IGF-I concentration tended to be increased with growth developed, especially higher in rbST treatment groups (556.2-569.5ng/㎖) than in rbST non-treatment group (398.7ng/㎖) at about 500㎏ BW. On the contrary, serum insulin concentration at about 300㎏ BW was significantly lower in rbST₂ (11.44ng/㎖), and that at about 500㎏ BW was lower in rbST₁ (16.37ng/㎖) and rbST₂= (13.10ng/㎖) than in control (24.76ng/㎖).

돈육의 사후 24시간 pH 수준에 따른 육질 특성

박범영,조수현,유영모,김진형,채현석,안종남,김용곤,이종문,윤상기 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.2

도축 후 돈육의 육질평가에 있어 중요한 요인인 사후 24시간 pH를 측정하여 pH가 5.31∼5.50, 5.51∼5.70, ≥5.71에 따른 육질을 조사한 결과, 사후 pH가 더 낮을수록 단백질 함량이 높고, 지방 함량이 낮았다(P<0.05). 사후 24시간 pH가 높을수록 보수력은 증가하였으며, 가열감량과 육즙감량은 유의적으로(P<0.05) 감소하였다. 육의 경도, 탄력성, 씹힘성과 지방경도 역시 사후 24시간 pH가 높을수록 유의적인 증가를 보였다(P<0.05). 육색특성 중 CIE L*값은 사후 24시간 pH가 낮을수록 유의적으로 높았으며, a*와 b*값, chroma 값은 최종 pH가 5.71이상의 돈육에서 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). Hue 값은 pH 5.31∼5.70 범위에서 가장 높았으며, ΔE 값도 pH 5.31∼5.50에서 가장 높았다. 관능적 특성의 분석결과, 다즙성과 연도는 최종 pH가 높을수록 향상되었으나, 향미는 최종 pH 범위에 따른 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구결과, 도축 후 24시간 돈육의 pH 범위에 따라 육질의 차이를 보이기 때문에 사후 적정 pH를 유지할 수 있도록 도축전 관리, 도축방법, 도축 후 냉각 온도관리 등을 개선하는 것이 고품질 돈육생산에 있어 중요한 것으로 사료된다. Meat quality of the domestic pork loins(n=537) classified by 3 groups(5.31∼5.50, 5.51∼5.70 and ≥5.71) according to pH at 24hr post-mortem(pH_24) was investigated. In proximate chemical compositions, protein was highest and fat was lowest in the pork loins of pH_24 5.31∼5.50 group. Water holding capacity increased as pH_24 increased, whereas purge loss and cooking loss decreased as pH_24 increased. Meat color values(CIE L*, a*, b*, Chroma, Hue and ΔE) decreased as pH_24 increased. In texture traits, hardness and chewiness were lowest and fat hardness was highest in the pork loins of pH_24≥5.71 group when compared to the other pH_24 groups. However, Warner-Bratzler Shear force, springiness and cohesiveness were not significantly different among the pH_24 groups(P>0.05). In sensory properties, juiciness and tenderness were highest in pH_24≥5.71 group. From the results of this study, pork quality was highly related to pH_24. Therefore, the factors affecting the post-mortem pH, such as stress before slaughter, slaughtering methods, and cooling condition slaughter must be properly controlled and improved to produce high quality pork.

Holstein 수소와 거세우 및 Zeranol 투여 거세우의 성장 단계별 혈액상과 혈청 대사물질 및 호르몬 농도의 변화

홍병주,김종복,김현섭,권응기,남기택,윤상기 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.4

This experiment was conducted to investigate changes in hematological values and concentrations of serum metabolites and hormones during the growth of Holstein bulls, steers and steers with Zeranol injection. Animals were assigned into 3 groups, bull group (n=8), steer group (n=8) and zeranol group (n=8, injected with zeranol from 80㎏ to 450㎏ BW). Sixteen Halstein steers in steer group and Zeranol group were castrated at 2 month after birth and zeranol group was injected hypodermically with 36㎎/head of zeranol on the tail side at every 90 day. RBC, Hb, HCT values of zeranol group at the final stage of 650㎏ were significantly decreased and MCHC value was increased compared with steer group (P$lt;.OS), but WBC, MCV and MCH values remained same. Serum glucose concentrations of animals at 300㎏ BW were higher compared with those at different growing stages. Although all chemical values in serum at 500㎏ were not different between the treatment groups, SUN, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride and calcium concentrations of zeranol group at the final stage (650㎏) were higher than those of other groups. Serum IGF-I concentration at the start of the experiment was not different among the treatments ranging from 5.24 to 8.29ng/㎖ and started to increase afterhood until animals reached 300㎏ of body weight. At 300㎏ BW, serum IGF-1 concentration of bull group was higher than that of steer group (350.2 vs 266.2ng/㎖, P$lt;.05). At 500㎏ BW, IGF-I concentrations of bull group and zeranol group were 525.6 and 504.6ng/㎖ respectively which are higher (P$lt;.05) than that of steer group (398.7ng/㎖). Similarly, serum insulin concentration was not different between treatments until animals reached 300㎏ BW ranging from 5.65 to 7.81ng/㎖. However, at 500㎏ BW bull group showed significantly lower (17.35ng/㎖) insulin concentration than that (24.76ng/㎖) of steer group (P$lt;.05).

조사료의 종류가 홀스타인 송아지 유선의 발달 , 반추위 돌기 및 성장률에 미치는 영향

조광근,최윤재,박영우,윤연화,한영근,윤상기,권웅기 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.6

본 연구는 홀스타인 송아지에 대한 세 종류의 조사료가 유선조직, 반추위 유두, 번식성적 및 성장률에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 출생 후 4일된 송아지(42.9±0.9㎏) 24두를 무작위로 선발하여 출생 후 4∼44일까지 전유를 급여하다가 45일에 그룹 1은 볏짚, 그룹 2는 오차드 그래스, 그룹 3은 알괄파를 급여하였다. 또한 유선조직과 반추위의 발달을 측정하기 위하여 3, 9, 18개월령에 도달하였을 때 각 처리구의 송아지를 1마리씩 도살하였다. 알팔파를 급여한 그룹 3은 다른 처리구에 비하여 중체율이 높았으며, 그룹 2는 영양소 이용률과 번식성적이 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 반추위의 무게는 3개월령 도달시에는 그룹 3이 가장 무거웠으나, 9개월과 18개월령 도달시에는 그룹 2에서 가장 무거운 것으로 나타났다. 반추위의 유두 수는 유두의 성장과 함께 일반적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내어 유두의 길이와 유두 수와는 서로 상대적인 관계를 나타내었다. 유선의 기능적 활성을 나타내는 RNA/DNA 함량은 3개월 시에는 그룹 3이 가장 낮은 경향을 보였으나 9, 18개월 시에는 반대로 가장 높은 경향으로 나타났으며, 유선세포의 크기를 나타내는 protein/DNA 함량은 18개월 시에 그룹 2가 가장 높은 경향을 보였다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 볏짚은 반추위의 초기 발달을 촉진하고 알팔파와 오차드그래스는 성장과 번식성적을 증가시키며 또한 초기에 유선의 발달을 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다. Twenty-four Holstein calves were used to evaluate the effects of three different forages on growth and reproductive performances, and ruminal papillary and mammary developments. Four-day-old Holstein calves weighing 42.9±0.9 ㎏ were randomly assigned to three forage groups of rice straw (group 1), orchard grass hay (group 2), and alfalfa (group 3). All calves received whole milk from day 4 through day 44. At 45 days of age, the animals were assigned at random to one of the three dietary treatments. When calves reached the ages of 3, 9, and 18 months, one calf in each group was sacrifced for evaluation of ruminal and mammary tissue developments. Calves of group 3 gained more body weight than those of other groups, while group 2 showed an effective nutrient utilization and reproduction performance. At 3 months, the stomach weight of group 3 was the highest, however, group 2 provided the highest stomach weight at 9 and 18 months. A remarkable reduction in papillae number was observed in the rumens of all 3- to 9-month-old heifers. A decrease in number of these papillae was observed in all groups exhibiting papillary growth. There was a reciprocal relationship between the number and the length of ruminal papillae. Among the 3-month-old calves, the functional activity (RNAI DNA contents) of the mammary glands of group 3 was lower than those of other groups, whereas the trend was opposite for 9- and 18-month-old heifers. The size of mammary cell (protein / DNA contents) was the greatest for group 2 at 18 months of age. The results suggest that rice straw stimulated earlier development of rumen. Alfalfa and orchard grass improved the growth, reproduction performance, and earlier development of mammary glands.