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        식물 신품종 보호제도하에서 육종가의 역할

        최근진,유해영,최해춘 한국국제농업개발학회 2000 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.12 No.1

        According to the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) which came into force in January 1995, all members of the WTO are obliged to provide for the protection of plant varieties either by patents or by an effective sui generis system or by a combination there-of. Therefore, Seed Industry Law for protection of plant varieties was enacted in Dec. 1995 and last amended Jan. 1999 in Korea. The Law of Korea is in conformity with the 1991 UPOV Convention. Plant varieties of 27 botanical genera and species have been protected under the Law. The Law was composed of 9 Chapters, 176 Articles, 13 Addenda and the major provisions are protection for the new variety of plant, registration of variety denomination, management of variety performance, certification of the seed, and control of the market seed. Korea did not yet sign the UPOV Convention but will join UPOV as a member State in 2000. Traditionally, the varieties of main food crops have been distributed and marketed from farmer to farmer and from country to country without special protection. According to the UPOV-ROM published in Dec. 1999, protection has been granted to 478 rice varieties in UPOV member States and in the European Union. However the vast majority of rice varieties in the world seem to be also distributed without protection of plant breeder's rights at this stage but this situation will gradually change in the next few years when most rice-producing countries establish plant variety protection systems. There are 5 conditions to be conducted by plant breeder for plant variety protection, namely, Novelty, Distinctness, Uniformity, Stability, and Variety Denomination in the plant variety protection laws like 1991 UPOV Convention and Seed Industry Law in Korea.

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