생산직 남성근로자의 작업 중 에너지 소모량

우지훈 ( Ji Hoon Woo ),강동묵 ( Dong Mug Kang ),신용철 ( Yong Chul Shin ),김명옥 ( Myeong Ock Kim ),손민정 ( Min Jung Son ),김부욱 ( Boo Wook Kim ),이수일 ( Su Ill Lee ),조병만 ( Byung Mann Cho ) 한국산업위생학회 2006 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.16 No.2

Predicting energy expenditure (EE) is important to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The problem to predict EE is that the standard of EE is based on western data. The authors checked average EE by job categories to provide basic data for suggesting proper work intensity for Korean workers. This study was conducted from 2003 to 2005. Study subjects were recruited from 4 car parts assembly plant, 2 car assembly plant, 2 Heavy machine manufacturing plant and 2 shipyards. Total study subjects were 515 male workers. To estimate VO2max, sub-maximal test was conducted to measure VO275%max by bicycle ergometer (Combi Co, Aerobike 75XL II). Heartbeats were recorded with heartbeat recorder (Polar Electro Co, Finland, S810) during work. EE of work was calculated by recorded heartbeat and individual regression equation which was derived from sub-maximal test. Subjects were classified into 4 industry and 8 work posture, 23 job task categories. Mean EEs (S.D.) according to industry classification (kcal/min) were 4.9 (0.7), 4.8 (0.7), 4.9 (0.7), 5.0 (0.9), and 4.0 (0.5) for Car Part manufacture, Car Assembly, Ship Building, Heavy Machinery Manufacture, and Hospital Office, respectively. The results suggest that Korean male workers of exceeding to the NIOSH criteria will be needed to plan for job rescheduling to maintain worker°Øs health. Further study to establish Korean work intensity standard would be needed.

작업 중 에너지 소모량 평가를 위한 Energy Expenditure Prediction Program의 타당도

강동묵(Dong Mug Kang),우지훈(Ji-Hoon Woo),전진숙(Jin-Sook Jun),이용환(Yong-Hwan Lee),조병만(Byung Mann Cho),이수일(Su Ill Lee) 대한직업환경의학회 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.3

ACGIH Hand Activity Level TLV(R)의 현장 적용 및 평가

김부욱 ( Boo Wook Kim ),우지훈 ( Ji Hoon Woo ),강동묵 ( Dong Mug Kang ),신용철 ( Yong Chul Shin ) 한국산업위생학회 2006 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.16 No.2

The Strain Index(SI) has been commonly used to evaluate the musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) of upper extremities. Recently, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists(ACGIH) adopted the Threshold Limit Value for hand activity level (HAL TLV) focused on the hand, wrist, and forearm. The MSDs risks of 37 repetitive works conducted at an automobile climate control system manufacturing factory were evaluated using both the HAL TLV and the SI, and the results by two methods were compared. Also, measured repetitive frequencies of upper limbs joint were mesured using electromyogram and electrogoniometer. The evaluation results of the HAL were related with the repetitive frequency data of upper limbs joint by electrogoniometer, and the NPF was related with %MVC of ECU. The evaluation result of HAL TLV was highly related with the SI score(r=0.66, p<0.01). Of total 37 tasks, 25 tasks(67.6%) were exceeded the TLV and 34 tasks(91.9%) exceeded the SI limit. Although there was a high relationship between the HAL TLV and SI score, the HAL TLV underestimated the risk in comparison with the SI. The correlation coefficients(r) between the HAL TLV data and the repetitive frequency of upper limbs joint were 0.45~0.55(p<0.01). The MSD symptoms was significantly different between high risk groups and low risk groups evaluated by HAL TLV(p<0.01), but was not different between two groups by SI. In conclusion, the HAL TLV is a proper tool for repetitive works.

삼방향 양측구조 직렬코어 공진 유도가열 보일링 시스템에 관한 연구

이철(Cheol Lee),우지훈(Ji Hoon Woo),맹충용(Chung Young Mang) 대한전자공학회 2021 전자공학회논문지 Vol.58 No.12

본 논문은 보다 효율적인 보일링(Boiling) 가열시스템을 위하여 삼방향 양측구조를 적용하여 열 교환면적을 확대하고 신속가열 그리고 저 전력을 통해 열에너지 효율을 극대화시킬 수 있는 기법을 제안한다. 자성을 갖는 자성가열(Magnetic heating)면을 구성하여 열 교환면적을 확대하였고 유도코일(Induction coil)을 직렬코어방식으로 구성하여 열매체의 신속한 가열이 가능함은 물론, 공진(Resonant) 임피던스 대역을 매칭(Matching)기법을 이용하여 유도가열(Induction heating) 주파수를 증폭하므로 에너지절감이 가능한 저 전력으로 높은 열에너지 효율을 극대화 시킬 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서 제안된 유도가 열방법을 기존의 가열방법과 비교하여 제안한 가열방법의 우수성을 종합적 실험결과를 통하여 확인할 수 있었다. 제안된 방법의 정량적인 결과 도출을 위하여 보일러 시스템에 적용 구현하였으며 기본 방식은 전자기유도가열(Electromagnetic Induction Heating)방식을 사용하였다. This paper proposes a technique to apply the both sides in three directions structure to expand the heat exchange area and maximize thermal energy efficiency through rapid heating and low power for more efficient boiling heating systems. The magnetic heating surface configured to expand the heat exchange area and the induction core configured serial core type to enable rapid heating of the fruits as well as proposed induction heating frequency is amplified using the matching method of the resonant impedance band enable to maximize thermal energy efficiency with low energy savings. The excellence of the proposed heating method compared to the existing heating method is confirmed through experimental results. We implement the application to boiler systems for quantitative results of the proposed method. and the basic method used an electromagnetic induction heating method.

도금공정의 CO₂ 배출량 저감을 위한 전극-멤브레인 일체형 모듈 개발

서민혜(Minhye Seo),백종민(Jongmin Baek),우지훈(Ji-Hoon Woo) 한국환경에너지공학회 2023 한국열환경공학회 학술대회지 Vol.2023 No.1

국내 제조산업의 온실가스 배출 비중은 약 28.4% 로, 주요국들과 비교해 높은 수준이다. 탄소중립을 위한 방안 중 하나로, 제조업에서 배출되는 CO₂를 감축하기 위한 기술개발이 진행되고 있다. 습식 표면처리업은 제품의 생산 과정에서 전력 소비가 매우 높은 업종이며, 표면처리공정에 인가되는 전력 소모량의 상당부분은 도금에 사용되지 않고 수전해 및 부가 화합물 생성 등의 부반응에 사용된다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이는 곧 부반웅으로 인한 전력 소모량 증대, 부가 생성물 존재에 따른 전류효율 저하로 에너지 소비량을 대폭 증가시켜, 탄소 배출량 증대를 야기한다. 본 연구에서는 멤브레인 일체형 전극모듈을 개발하여 부반웅 억제 및 도금 효율을 증진시키고자 하였다. 멤브레인 일체형 전극 모듈은 프로톤 이온만 전도될 수 있는 멤브레인을 구성하여 도금액과 전극의 직접 접촉을 방지를 통한 부반응 억제가 가능하다는 장점이 있다. 또한 부반응 억제를 통한 효율 증진은 생산되는 제품 단위량 대비 소비되는 전력을 감소시켜 CO₂ 감축 효과를 나타낼 수 있다. 이를 위해 멤브레인 일체형 전극 모듈 개발을 위한 연구로, 전극 소재 선정과 전극 제조 변수별 전류효율을 평가하였으며, 실 공정에 적용하기 위한 모듈 설계 및 타당성을 평가하였다.

미국표준연구원 체크리스트 Z-365의 자가보고형 설문개발 및 타당도 평가

박경식 ( Kyung Sik Park ),강동묵 ( Dong Mug Kang ),이용환 ( Yong Hwan Lee ),우지훈 ( Ji Hoon Woo ),신용철 ( Yong Chul Shin ) 한국산업위생학회 2006 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.16 No.2

Self administered checklist is needed to be developed to evaluate ergonomic risk factors. This study was conducted to develop self administered form of American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z-365 checklist which represents comprehensive ergonomic risk factors, and to evaluate validity of this checklist. This study had been conducted from May 2004 to July 2005, of which subjects were 147 workers from 4 workplaces. Response rates for every items of self administered form of ANSI Z-365 were evaluated. To estimate the validity of checklist, relationship between the checklist grade that ANSI recommended and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) symptom were calculated with and without adjustment of related variables. To evaluate the utility of checklist, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. Because response rates of almost items were over 90%, item development was successful. Because the checklist was related with WMSDs symptom after adjusting related variables, the checklist might represents ergonomic risk well. Because of low sensitivity and NPV, high specificity and PPV, the checklist is not suitable for screening tool. The checklist has better relationship with more severe symptom. Because of high specificity of the checklist, using it with high sensitive tool would enhance it`s utility. Further study to develop high sensitive and comprehensive self administered ergonomic checklist is needed.

모 선박용 디젤엔진 제조업체 들기작업의 인간공학 위험요인 평가

김부욱 ( Boo Wook Kim ),김선자 ( Sun Ja Kim ),신용철 ( Young Chul Shin ),김현동 ( Hyun Dong Kim ),우지훈 ( Ji Hoon Woo ),강동묵 ( Dong Mug Kang ),이현석 ( Hyun Seok Lee ) 한국산업위생학회 2005 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.15 No.3

The purpose of this study was to assess the ergonomic risks of lifting tasks in a marine diesel engine manufacturing industry using the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) Revised Lifting Equation(NLE). Average Lifting Index(LI=Weight of Load/Recommended Weight Limit) of a total number of 45 lifting tasks was 1.6±0.7. The LIs were above 1 at 34 tasks(75.6%), and above 2 at 11 tasks(24.4%). Parts management showed the highest average LI value (LI=2.3) in all departments, which resulted from high frequency and heave load of lifting. The common and significant ergonomic risk factors in the processes were the heavy weight of diesel engine parts and the long horizontal distance. In addition, some lifting tasks had such potential risk factors as the long vertical distance, the high frequency of lifts or the long work duration.

전류효율 향상을 위한 습식 도금공정용 양극 제조 및 특성 분석

백종민(Jongmin Baek),서민혜(Minhye Seo),김수현(Su Hyun Kim),김진우(Jinwoo Kim),우지훈(Ji-Hoon Woo) 한국환경에너지공학회 2023 한국열환경공학회 학술대회지 Vol.2023 No.2

전 세계적으로 2050년 탄소 중립 (Net-Zero) 사회 실현을 목표로 다양한 정책과 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이러한 기조에 맞추어 대한민국은 2030년 국가 온실가스 감축목표를 2018년 대비 40%로 설정하였으며 다양한 부문에서 온실가스 감축을 위한 노력이 진행중이다 국내 온실가스 배출량 중 제조업 이 차지하는 비중은 28.4%로, 중국(29.3%과 더불어 일본(20.3%), EUC16.4%), 미국(11.0%), 영국(9.4%) 둥의 주요국에 비해 높은 비중을 차지한다. 이에, 제조업 대상의 온실가스 배출량 감축이 필요한 실정이며 제조업별 온실가스 감축 기준은 업종별 에너지 소비 특성에 따라, 적합한 탄소중립 실현 기술이 필요하다. 특히, 국내 제조업은 중소기업 기반의 산업을 중심으로 구성되어 있어 중소기업 맞춤형 온실가스 배출 감축 기술이 필요하다. 이 중, 습식 도금공정을 통한 표면처리업은 전력 소비가 매우 높은 업종이며 인가되는 전류의 상당부분은 도금 반옹에 직접적으로 사용되지 않고 물분해 및 2차 화합물 생성 등의 부반용에 사용된다. 이러한 요인들로 인한 전류효율 저하는 도금 공정 효율을 낮추고 전력 소모량을 중가시킨다. 이는 결국, 탄소 배출량 중가로 이어져 온실가스 배출량 중대의 문제점을 야기한다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 본 과제에서는 멤브레인-전극 일체형 모듈을 활용하여 부반용물 생성을 억제하고 도금 공정 효율의 향상을 통해 탄소배출량을 감축하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 멤브레인-전극 일체형 모듈에 적용되는 금속산화물 양극의 제조 조건에 따른 표면 및 구조 분석을 통해 양극 제조 조건을 최적화하고자 하였다.

전류 효율 향상을 위한 멤브레인 일체형 전극 소재 개발

백종민(Jongmin Baek),서민혜(Minhye Seo),김수현(Su Hyun Kim),김진우(Jinwoo Kim),우지훈(Ji-Hoon Woo) 한국환경에너지공학회 2023 한국열환경공학회 학술대회지 Vol.2023 No.1

Manufacturing industry accounts for 28.4% of domestic greenhouse gas emissions, a higher proportion than major countries. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce greenhouse gas emissions for manufacturing industries in order to realize carbon neutrality across the country. Standards of greenhouse gas reduction for each manufacturing industry require appropriate carbon neutralization technology depending on energy consumption characteristics by industry sector. Representatively, the wet plating process requires high power consumption, and most of the applied current is not directly used for plating reactions, but is used for side reactions such as water electrolysis and secondary compound formation. Low current efficiency due to these factors ultimately leads to high carbon emissions and causes problems with higher greenhouse gas emissions. To solve these problems, a membrane-electrode integrated module can be utilized to suppress the production of side reactants, improve plating efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. In this study, an experiment was conducted on a membrane-integrated electrode material to improve the current efficiency of the plating process. In detail, electrode performance evaluation was conducted to select the optimal composition according to various metal combinations and crystal forms.

선박용 엔진 제조업 들기작업의 인간공학적 위험 평가를 위한 세 가지 방법 비교

김선자 ( Sun Ja Kim ),신용철 ( Yong Chul Shin ),김부욱 ( Boo Wook Kim ),김현동 ( Hyun Dong Kim ),우지훈 ( Ji Hoon Woo ),강동묵 ( Dong Mug Kang ),이현석 ( Hyun Seok Lee ) 한국산업위생학회 2005 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.15 No.2

A variety of ergonomic assessment methods of lifting tasks known as a major cause of work-related lower back pain have been used. But there is a limited information in choosing the most appropriate assessment method for a particular job and in finding out strengths and weakness of the methods. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the ergonomic risks of lifting tasks in a marine diesel engine production industry by three lifting ergonomic assessment tools widely used: the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) Revised Lifting Equation(NLE), the Washington Administrative Code 296-62-051 7(WAC), and the Snook Tables. Lifting index(weight of load/Recommended Weight Limit) of NLE(LI(NLE)) was above 1 at 34 tasks(75.6%) of a total number of 45 lifting tasks. LI of WAC(LI(WAC)) was above 1 at 11 tasks(24.4 %). LI of Snook Table(Ll(snook)) was above 1 at dy 29 tasks(64.4%). Thus, LI was high in orders of LI(NI) > LI(snook) > Ll(WAC). There were significantly high correlations among three Lls(p<0.0l). The correlation coefficients between LI(NLL) and the other three Lls(LI(WAC) and Ll(snook)) were r=0.93 and r=0.88, respectively. The linear regression equations were y=0.444x+0.11(r=0.93) between Ll(NLE), and Ll(WAC), Y=0.93x+0.008(r=0.88) between Li(NLE) and Ll(snoock). The Ll values by WAC was significantly lower than those by the other tools. The compared features, strength and limitation among these tools were described in this paper.