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양현종,정필주,반성환,민용식,박재옥,Yang, Hyeon-Jong,Jeong, Pil-Ju,Ban, Seong-Hwan,Min, Yong-Sik,Park, Jae-Ock 대한소아소화기영양학회 2001 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.4 No.1
목 적: 본 연구에서는 급성 설사 환아에서 식이요법에 따른 설사의 횟수와 지속 기간, 그리고 영양 상태의 회복등에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 본원에 입원한 총 76명의 환아를 대상으로 35명의 전유군, 29명의 희석 분유군, 그리고 12명의 모유군으로 나누어 각 군간의 설사 횟수, 구토 횟수, 열량 섭취량, 몸무게의 증가, 그리고 설사기간을 관찰하여 비교하였다. 결 과: 1) 입원 당시 평균 월령은 12.9개월, 평균 체중은 9 kg, 설사 지속 기간은 2.29일로 각 군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 2) 입원 후 설사의 횟수는 각 군간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 3) 입원 후 열량의 섭취는 전유군과 모유군에서 희석유보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 4) 입원 후 몸무게의 증가는 전유군과 모유군간에는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 희석 분유군은 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 5) 입원 후 설사의 지속 기간은 각 군간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 결 론: 급성 설사 질환의 식이 요법은 처음부터 전유나 모유를 먹이는 것이 희석한 우유를 단계적으로 먹이는 방법에 비해 설사를 악화시키거나 지연시키지 않으며, 오히려 체중 증가와 열량 섭취증가에 이로운 장점이 있었으나 원인균에 따른 식이 요법의 효과에 대해서는 좀더 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다. Purpose: We studied to know the effect of early feeding on the course and the recovery of acute diarrheal disease. Methods: The study was conducted on 76 patients who admitted to the Soonchunhyang university hospital for acute diarrhea. We divided 76 patients into 3 dietary groups (whole milk group (WMG): 35, diluted milk group (DMG): 29, breast milk group (BMG): 12). We compared three groups by numbers of diarrhea, numbers of vomiting, calory intake, weight increments, and duration of diarrhea. Results: 1) The mean age was $16.45{\pm}18.20$, $11.53{\pm}9.80$, $5.38{\pm}5.01$ months for WMG, DMG, and BMG, respectively. The mean weight was 9 kg and the mean duration of diarrhea was 2.29 days. 2) The numbers of diarrhea during admission was not significantly different in the three groups. 3) The calory intake during admission was significantly low in DMG. 4) The weight increments during admission was significantly low in DMG. 5) The duration of diarrhea during admission was not significantly different in the three gourps. Conclusion: Early refeeding with whole milk or breast milk did not prolong or worsen the course or symptoms of diarrhea compared with gradual reintroduction with diluted milk. But there were advantages of improved nutrition and weight increments. Futher study is necessary to demonstrate the effect of diet according to the causative organisms.
양현종 ( Hyeon Jong Yang ) 대한소아알레르기호흡기학회(구 대한소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회) 1992 소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회지 Vol.2 No.3
Vaccine contains active components, adjuvants, stabilizers, preservatives, and trace components. Adverse reactions to vaccines are rarely reported. However, all of vaccine components may elicit adverse reaction including life-threatening event in susceptible individuals, therefore raising concerns regarding safety of vaccine still continue up to date. Hypersensitivity reaction to vaccines can be classified as allergic reaction to the vaccine component, pseudo-allergic reaction, and exacerbation of allergic diseases. Hypersensitivity reactions to vaccine components rarely occurred in the population-level, while severe hypersensitivity reaction such as anaphylaxis may be consequent result in susceptible individuals. Some of components such as ovalbumin, gelatin, yeast, and latex were considered as common causes of allergic reactions to the vaccine. However, the incidence or causes of vaccine related hypersensitivity reaction in Korea were not well known. The aims of this article are to review the literatures with hypersensitivity reactions related with vaccine components, to provide detailed information about major components of vaccines commonly used in Korea, and to provide the best way of vaccination in susceptible individuals. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2014;2:157-164)
양현종 ( Hyeon Jong Yang ) 대한천식알레르기학회(구 대한알레르기학회) 2016 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.4 No.2
Clinical epidemiology is defined as a method for investigating the distribution and determinants of diseases and for applying this knowledge in their prevention, and simply means application of epidemiological methods for medical research. In evidence-based medicine, randomized controlled trials (RCT) are the gold standard for assessing efficacy and safety of the intervention, while it is commonly impractical because of many limitations, such as ethical/legal problems and weak external-validity. High internal-validity of RCT permits to assess the direct efficacy of intervention without interference with bias and confounder; however, it has less generalizability or applicability to the real-life practice. Evidence-based practical guidelines are developed for patient management and decision making in real-life practice; paradoxically, the evidence of the guidelines does not come from real life, but from strict trial life. To overcome these limitations, pragmatic clinical trials for assessing the effectiveness of intervention in real-life practice or high-quality observational studies would be the best alternatives or could add more strong evidence. This article provides an overview of clinicoepidemiological research designs in the field of childhood allergic diseases and their strength/weakness. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2016;4:91-99)
양현종 ( Hyeon Jong Yang ),김봉성 ( Bong Seong Kim ),김우경 ( Woo Kyung Kim ),김자경 ( Jak Young Kim ),김진택 ( Jin Tack Kim ),서동인 ( Dong In Suh ),고영률 ( Young Yull Koh ),신윤호 ( Youn Ho Shin ),이소연 ( So Yeon Lee ),임대현 대한천식알레르기학회(구 대한알레르기학회) 2014 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.2 No.2
Asthma is not a homogeneous disease presenting variable clinical features, but a complex disorder consisting of many different disease entities characterized by variable air-flow limitation. To date, there are little effective preventive-strategies for the development of asthma, and it has been emphasized that early identification and intervention are the best ways to reduce the associated morbidities, quality of life, and socioeconomic burden. Predicting the natural course of asthma is still difficult, although various phenotypic approaches and predictive scores are developed and widely used. The present phenotypes and predictive scores may be reliable in the population, but those appear to be unreliable in each individual in real practice. Either undertreatment or overtreatment in childhood asthma is an important issue, because they are associated with poor compliance, increments of socioeconomic burdens, and poor quality of life. There is no doubt about the clinical efficacy of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) in childhood asthma, but the negative effect of long-term use of ICS on the height is emerging. Therefore general physicians shouldconsider an individualized management using specific phenotypes and endotypes, and regularly re-evaluate the drug-response, level of control, and adherence/ compliance to avoid inadequate treatment. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2 0 1 4;2:85-90)
양현종 ( Hyeon Jong Yang ) 대한천식알레르기학회 2014 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.2 No.3
Vaccine contains active components, adjuvants, stabilizers, preservatives, and trace components. Adverse reactions to vaccines are rarely reported. However, all of vaccine components may elicit adverse reaction including life-threatening event in susceptible individuals, therefore raising concerns regarding safety of vaccine still continue up to date. Hypersensitivity reaction to vaccines can be classified as allergic reaction to the vaccine component, pseudo-allergic reaction, and exacerbation of allergic diseases. Hypersensitivity reactions to vaccine components rarely occurred in the population-level, while severe hypersensitivity reaction such as anaphylaxis may be consequent result in susceptible individuals. Some of components such as ovalbumin, gelatin, yeast, and latex were considered as common causes of allergic reactions to the vaccine. However, the incidence or causes of vaccine related hypersensitivity reaction in Korea were not well known. The aims of this article are to review the literatures with hypersensitivity reactions related with vaccine components, to provide detailed information about major components of vaccines commonly used in Korea, and to provide the best way of vaccination in susceptible individuals.
관찰 연구에서 선택 삐뚤림과 교란 변수를 최소화하기 위한 방법에 대한 고찰
양현종 ( Hyeon Jong Yang ) 대한천식알레르기학회 2012 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.32 No.1
Although well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the most scientifically rigorous method for testing a hypothesis and have held the uppermost position in the hierarchy of evidence- based medicine as level I evidence, RCTs can be impractical or unethical in clinical settings. Observational studies are the best available alternative when RCTs are unavailable. Well-designed observational studies in the fields of both clinical and epidemiological research have been shown to provide similar results as those of RCTs with level II or III evidence; however, there are major methological limitations of observational studies including biases and confounders. To overcome these limitations, it is very important to consider or avoid possible factors (biases and confounders) which can interfere with adequate interpretation of results. This article provides an overview of selection biases and confounders as well as stratigies to minimize biases and confounders in the design and analytic phase of an observational study. Understanding of selection biases and confounders in observational studies and methods for controlling biases and confounders will assist investigators in conducting well-designed observational studies. (Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;32:8-13)