광주지역 황사시 미세먼지 유입경로별 중금속 오염도 평가

양윤철,이세행,박병훈,조광운,윤상훈,박지영,장동,정지효,배석진,정숙경,Yang, Yoon-Cheol,Lee, Se-Haeng,Park, Byoung-Hoon,Jo, Gwang-Un,Yoon, Sang-Hoon,Park, Ji-Young,Jang, Dong,Chong, Ji-hyo,Bae, Seok-Jin,Jeong, Suk-Kyoung 한국환경과학회 2020 한국환경과학회지 Vol.29 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of fine dust PM₁₀ and heavy metals in PM₁₀ in Asian dust flowing into Gwangju from 2013 to 2018. The migration pathways of Asian dust was analyzed by backward trajectory analysis using HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model, and the change of heavy metal concentration and heavy metal content per 1 ㎍/㎥ of fine dust PM₁₀ in Gwangju area were analyzed. Also, the characteristics of the heavy metals were analyzed using the correlation between the heavy metals in PM₁₀. As a result of analyzing Asian dust entering the Gwangju region for 6 years, the average concentration of PM₁₀ measured in Asian dust was 148 ㎍/㎥, which was about 4.5 times higher than in non-Asian dust, 33 ㎍/㎥. A total of 13 Asian dust flowed into the Gwangju during 6 years, and high concentration of PM10 and heavy metals in that were analyzed in the C path flowing through the Gobi/Loess Plateau-Korean Peninsula. As a result of the correlation analysis, in case of Asian dust, there was a high correlation between soil components in heavy metals, so Asian dust seems to have a large external inflow. On the other hand, in case of non-Asian dust, the correlation between find dust PM₁₀ and artificial heavy metal components was high, indicating that the influence of industrial activities in Gwangju area was high.

보문 : 에너지/환경 ; PEMFC용 플라즈마 개질 시스템의 수소 생산

양윤철 ( Yoon Cheol Yang ),전영남 ( Young Nam Chun ) 한국화학공학회 2008 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.46 No.5

광주지역 주요하천에서 TOC 특성과 수질오염지표와의 상관성에 관한 연구

양윤철 ( Yoon-cheol Yang ),이대행 ( Dae-haeng Lee ),이경석 ( Kyung-seog Lee ),안상수 ( Sang-su An ),송형명 ( Hyeong-myeong Song ),이세행 ( Se-haeng Lee ),윤상훈 ( Sang-hoon Yoon ),김선정 ( Sun Jung Kim ),전홍대 ( Hong-dae Jeon 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2017 한국물환경학회지 Vol.33 No.2

This study was performed to verify the replacement of COD with TOC, which is more accurate and reliable in analysis, as the water quality pollution index, and to investigate the characteristics of water quality and the correlations among organic matter, suspended solids and nutrient materials from 2012 to 2015. The oxidation rates were compared by calculating the values of BOD-C/TOC and COD-C/TOC. The average value of TOC was 3.4 mg/L (range, 1.1 - 8.0 mg/L) at 14 sites during the period. The ratios of BOD-C/TOC and COD-C/TOC, that indicate the resolvability amounts among all carbon materials, were 28.8% and 62.7%, respectively. The correlation coefficient of TOC to COD at all sites was 0.718 (p<0.01), the highest value on comparing all items. The correlation coefficient of TOC to COD in the Gwangju stream was 0.753 (p<0.01), which was the highest compared to the values in other rivers. The correlation coefficient of TOC to COD was 0.757 (p<0.01) at all sites in the range of TP-III (0.1≤TP), and the correlation coefficient value was 0.762 (p<0.01) in the range of TN-II (2.0≤TP<3.0). As a result, TOC can be used as a water pollution index of organic matter instead of COD.

합성가스 생성을 위한 글라이딩 아크 플라즈마 개질기에서 프로판 개질

양윤철(Yoon Cheol Yang),전영남(Young Nam Chun) 대한기계학회 2009 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.33 No.11

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal condition of the syngas production by reforming of propane using Gliding arc plasma reformer. The gliding arc plasma reformer in 3 phases has been newly designed and developed with a quick starting and fast response time. It can be applicable to the various types of fuels (Hydrocarbons CxHy), and it has a high conversion rate of fuels and high production of hydrogen. The parametric screening studies were carried out according to the changes of a steam feed amount i.e., steam/carbon ratio, total gas flow rate and input electric power. The optimum operating conditions were S/C ratio 2.8, total gas flow rate of 14 L/min and input electric power of 2.4 ㎾. The result of optimum operating conditions showed the 55 % H₂, 14 % CO, 15 % CO₂, 10 % C₃H8 and 4 % CH₄. Also, C₃H8 conversion, H₂ yield and H₂ selectivity were 90 %, 42 %, 15 %, respectively. The energy efficiency and specific energy requirements were 37 % and 334 kJ/mol respectively.

소비자 지각된 위험 인식과 자기조절동기가 위험감소행동에 미치는 영향

양윤철(Yoon Chul Yang),황용철(Yong Cheol Hwang) 제주대학교 관광과경영경제연구소 2018 産經論集 Vol.38 No.1

Purpose - This study aimed to figure out consumer perceived risks related to the purchase of OTC drugs, we will study whether there is a motivation motive through self-regulation focus to suggest implications for consumer OTC drug purchasing behavior. We also want to verify the impact of risk reduction behavior. Research design, data, and methodology - The present study’s research is performed on OTC drugs except ethical drug. Determinants for perceived risk, self-regulation focus and risk reduction behavior were selected from the determinants which were used in previous study; perceived risk is financial risk, time risk, psychological risk, and self-regulation focus is promotion focus, prevention focus, OTCs consumer’ risk reduction behavior is information search, brand loyalty, store loyalty. To verify the present research problem, survey was performed to consumers who the purchased OTC drugs in Jeju, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do and data were collected from total 300 subjects. SPSS 18.0, AMOS 18.0 program was used for data analysis based on the collected. Results - Based on these results, following principal can be established. First, when OTC drug buyers felt perceived risks, performance and time risk perceptions had a significant impact on the promotion focus motivation. Second, buyers with prevention focus motivation were highly perceived when monetary, performance, and psychological risks were highlighted. Third, buyers with promotion focus motivations were acting to achieve their desired results through more active information exploration, brand loyalty, and store loyalty in order to avoid perceived risks, while buyers with preventive focus motivation had no significant impact. Conclusions - It is necessary to convey a message that matches the marketing motivation of the pharmacy or pharmaceutical company with the buyer’s self-regulation focus motivation for the risk felt by consumers purchasing OTC drugs.

인지욕구와 중간 불일치 효과를 이용한 노스탤지어 마케팅의 전략적 활용에 관한 연구: 트로트 음악을 대상으로

황용철 ( Yong Cheol Hwang ),양윤철 ( Yoon Chul Yang ) 한국유통경영학회(구 한국유통정보학회) 2020 유통경영학회지 Vol.23 No.6

Purpose: It's the heyday of trot. TV Chosun's trot program has changed the trend of the Korea music scene. The trot genre was the periphery of the Korea music scene. However, the trend in the Korea music scene has been replaced with the highest ratings of 35.71% for the "Tomorrow is Mr.Trot" program. The ratings on the general programming channel were phenomenal. This study extends the findings that recent trot success factors are due to the moderate incongruity effect. It is a study that confirms who the success of trot using the moderate incongruity effect was appealed to. Research design, data, and methodology: This study was conducted using experiments. 2 (need for cognition: low vs. high)×3 (nostalgia type: congruity vs. moderate incongruity vs. incongruity). The experimental design is a mixed experimental design. In the experiment, the manipulated variable is the nostalgia type. The stimulant used in the experiment is the trot song. The subjects are in their 40s or older. Results: This study suggested that the moderate incongruity effect of nostalgia is suitable for people with high need for cognition for those with high need for cognition, it was effective to approach nostalgia, which was consistent with expectations. Apart from the statistical significance, the difference of the evaluation was evident in congruity, moderate incongruity, incongruity. For those with low need for cognition, nostalgia who approached expectations as a moderate incongruity was the most effective. There was no difference between congruity and incongruity. Conclusions: Nostalgia is an area of emotion. The moderate incongruity effect is a rational area associated with the pursuit of novelty. The mechanism of moderate incongruity effect is to reject cliche and seek novelty. It showed the possibility of rational access to the nostalgia. The rational use of emotional nostalgia is the implication of this study.

도심하천 유지용수의 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집에 대한 영향 연구

윤상훈 ( Sang-hoon Yoon ),양윤철 ( Sun-jung Kim ),김선정 ( Yoon-cheol Yang ),이세행 ( Se-haeng Lee ),송형명 ( Hyeong-myeong Song ),안상수 ( Sang-su An ),이경석 ( Kyoung-seok Lee ),이대행 ( Dae-haeng Lee ),서광엽 ( Gwang-yeob Se 한국환경생태학회 2016 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2016 No.2

광주천은 과거 급격히 도심화가 진행되고 각종 오·폐수가여과 없이 유입되면서 붉은색 실지렁이가 사는 오염된 도심하천의 전형적인 모습을 나타냈었다. 그러던 중 2004년부터 광주천 자연생태 하천정비사업을 시작으로 수질정화 및 광주천변 도심공원 사업을 통해서 점차 수질이 양호해지고, 어류나 조류 등 물을 기대어 살아가는 생물들도 늘어나게 되었다. 그러나 광주의 도심을 지나는 광주천 역시 도시의 팽창에 따른 불투수층의 증가로 강우시 많은 양의 빗물이 곧바로 하수관거를 통해 하천으로 유출되어 토양을 통해 지하로 스며드는 물이 줄어들게 되고 이에 따라 하천 수위가 낮아지는 문제점이 생겼다. 광주시에서는 이러한 광주천의 수량을 확보하기 위해 하수처리장에서 처리되어 방류되는 물을 재처리하여 광주천상류로 보내 방류하고, 섬진강 수계인 주암호 호소수와 영산강의 하천수도 끌어와 광주천에 방류하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 하수처리장 처리수와 주암호 호소수가 광주천에 방류되는 지점에서 이화학적 수질과 더불어 저서성 대형무척추동물의 분포 및 군집구조를 분석함으로써 광주천 유지용수에 대한 생물학적 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 조사는 2015년 10월부터 2016년 5월까지 총 4회에 걸쳐현장조사 및 저서성 대형무척추동물 분포조사를 수행하였다. 1차 조사는 2015년 10월 15일, 2차 조사는 2016년 1월 12일, 3차 조사는 2016년 4월 25일, 4차 조사는 2016년 5월 27일 실시하였다. 조사지점은 총 9개 지점으로 지점 A1~A3 등 3지점은 증심사천으로 상류에서 하수처리장 처리수가 방류되고, B1~C 등 6개 지점은 광주천으로 하수처리장 처리수와 주암호호소수의 영향을 받았다. 조사결과 총 5문 7강 13목 28과 440종 6,823개체/㎡이 확인되었다. 곤충류가 33종 2,762개체/㎡, 비곤충류가 11종 4,061 개체/㎡로 나타났다. 하루살이목(Ephemeroptera)이 15종 1,286개체/㎡, 날도래목(Tricoptera)이 7종 913개체/㎡, 파리목(Dipteria) 6종 420개체/㎡, 잠자리목(Odonata) 4종 5개체/㎡, 딱정벌레목(Coleoptera) 1종 137개체/㎡이었다. 평균 개체수는 지점 1에서 586개체, 지점 2에서 348개체, 지점 3은 187개체, 지점 4는 184개체, 지점 5에서는 58개체였다. 분류된종과 개체수에 대한 군집분석 결과, 우점종은 부채하루살이(Epeorus pellusidus Brodsky), 개똥하루살이(Baetis fuscatus Linnaeus), 물벌레(Asellus hilgendorfii), 줄날도래(Hydropsyche kozhantschikovi Martynov)로 나타났다. 우점도지수(DI)는 평균 0.47~0.97 범위로 증심사천에서 높은 경향을 보였으며 다양도지수(H``)는 0.41~3.24 범위로 주암호 호소수 방류구 지점에서 가장 높은 수치를 보였다. 저서동물지수(Benthic macroinvertebrate index; BMI)를 이용한 수환경 평가시 증심사천 A2지점이 환경상태 ‘매우 나쁨’으로 조사되었고 나머지 지역은 ‘좋음’에서 ‘매우 좋음’ 상태를 나타내었다. 수서곤충류의 먹이 섭식형태에 따라 섭식기능군(Functional Feeding Group; FFG)을 분류하였는데 모든 지점에서 주워먹는 무리 (Gethering-collectors; GC)가 평균 49.9%로 가장 많았고 걸러먹는 무리(Filtering-collectors;FG)가 29.0%을 나타내었다. 이화학적 수질과 생물학적 군집지수와의 상관관계 분석시BOD, COD, TP, DTP, TN 등이 우점도지수(DI)와는 양의상관성, 다양도지수(H’), 풍부도지수(RI)와 균등도지수(J’)와는 음의 상관성 등 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 본 조사는 광주천에 대한 인위적인 하천유지용수의 영향을 물속의 저서동물조사를 바탕으로 생태학적 관점에서 찾는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 상수원수로 이용되는 주암호 호소수가 방류되는 지점은 생물학적으로 환경상태가 매우 좋은 것으로 나타난 반면, 하수처리장 처리수의 영향을 직접적으로 받는 곳은 그렇지 못하였다.

수용모델(PMF)을 이용한 광주산업단지 VOCs의 오염원별 기여도 추정

박진환,박병훈,김승호,양윤철,이기원,배석진,송형명,Park, Jin-Hwan,Park, Byoung-Hoon,Kim, Seung-Ho,Yang, Yoon-Cheol,Lee, Ki-Won,Bae, Seok-Jin,Song, Hyeong-Myeong 한국환경과학회 2021 한국환경과학회지 Vol.30 No.3

Industrial emissions, mainly from industrial complexes, are important sources of ambient Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Identification of the significant VOC sources from industrial complexes has practical significance for emission reduction. VOC samples were collected from July 2019 to June 2020. A Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) receptor model was used to evaluate the VOC sources in the area. Four sources were identified by PMF analysis, including coating-1, coating-2, printing, and vehicle exhaust. The coating-1 source was revealed to have the highest contribution (41.5%), followed by coating-2 (23.9%), printing (23.1%), and vehicle exhaust (11.6%). The source showing the highest contribution was coating emissions, originating from the northwest to southwest of the sample site. It also relates to facilities that produce auto parts. The major components of VOC emissions from the coating facilities were toluene, m,p-xylene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and butyl acetate. Industrial emissions should be the top priority to meet the relevant control criteria, followed by vehicular emissions. This study provides a strategy for VOC source apportionment from an industrial complex, which is helpful in the development of targeted control strategies.

바이오가스 개질을 위한 글라이딩 아크 플라즈마 개질 시스템 개발

김성천 ( Seong Cheon Kim ),양윤철 ( Yoon Cheol Yang ),전영남 ( Young Nam Chun ) 한국공업화학회 2009 공업화학 Vol.20 No.4

금속담지 ZSM-5 촉매를 사용한 에탄올로부터 방향족 화합물 제조에 관한 제올라이트의 금속성분 및 실리카/알루미나 비의 영향

김한규 ( Han Gyu Kim ),양윤철 ( Yoon Cheol Yang ),정광은 ( Kwang Eun Jeong ),김태완 ( Tae Wan Kim ),정순용 ( Soon Yong Jeong ),김철웅 ( Chul Ung Kim ),정성화 ( Sung Hwa Jhung ),이관영 ( Kwan Young Lee ) 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.51 No.4

고정층 반응기를 사용하여 상압에서 에탄올로부터 방향족화합물 제조에 관한 ZSM-5 제올라이트의 금속성분 및 실리카/알루미나 비의 영향을 고찰하였으며, 반응온도, 중량공간속도(WHSV), 반응물인 에탄올에 물 및 메탄올 첨가 영향도 검토하였다. 촉매로는 Si/Al2 비율이 23∼280 범위의 상용 ZSM-5에 Zn, La, Cu, Ga 성분을 함침시켜 촉매 활성 및 안전성 테스트에 사용하였다. 촉매의 특성분석을 위해 암모니아 승온탈착 실험(NH3-TPD)과 질소 흡-탈착실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과, 방향족화합물의 선택도에 관한 ZSM-5에 함침한 금속성분과 ZSM-5의 Si/Al2비에 크게 영향을 받았는데, 함침금속은 Zn-La > Zn > La > Cu > Ga 순으로 감소하였으며, ZSM-5의 적절한 산점을 가진 Si/Al2=50, 80에서 가장 우수하였다. 최적 반응온도(437℃)와 공간속도(0.8 h-1)에서 방향족화합물의 선택도는 초기 72%에서 30시간 이후 56%로 서서히 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. The catalytic conversion of ethanol to aromatic compounds ETA was studied over ZSM-5 heterogeneous catalysts. The effect of reaction temperature, weight hourly space velocity (WHSV), and addition of water and methanol, which are the potential impurities of bio-ethanol, on the catalytic performance was investigated in a fixed bed reactor. Commercial ZSM-5 catalysts having different Si/Al2 ratios of 23 to 280 and modified ZSM-5 catalysts by addition of metal (Zn, La, Cu, and Ga) were used for the activity and stability tests in ETA reaction. The catalysts were characterized with ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption techniques. The results of catalytic performance revealed that the optimal Si/Al2 ratio of ZSM-5 is about 50∼80 and the selectivity to aromatic compounds decreases in the order of Zn/La > Zn > La > Cu > Ga for the modified ZSM-5 catalysts. Among these catalysts from the ETA reaction, Zn-La/ZSM-5 showed the best catalytic performance for the ETA reaction. The selectivity to aromatic compounds was 72% initially and 56% after 30 h over the catalysts at reaction temperature of 437℃ and WHSV of 0.8 h-1.