멸치젓갈유래의 혈전용해호소에 대한 특성

양웅석,임학섭,정경태,김영희,허만규,최병태,최영현,정영기,Yang Woong-Suk,Lim Hak-Seob,Chung Kyung Tae,Kim Young-Hee,Huh Man Kyu,Choi Byung Tae,Choi Yung Hyun,Jeong Yong Kee 한국생명과학회 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.3

멸치 액젖을 이용하여 ammonium sulfate침전, ion exchange, gel filtration, ethanol침전등의 과정을 거쳐 혈전분해 효소(myulchikinase, MK)를 분리 및 정제하였다. 이 정제된 효소를 SDS-PACE gel 전기영동한 결과 분자량은 약 28 kDa 이었다. MK의 활성에 대한 특성을 조사한 결과 NaCl $30\%$까지 활성이 $80\%$이상 유지되는 것으로 보아 내염성 효소로 판단된다. 온도에 대한 효소활성을 조사한 결과, MK의 온도에 대한 안정성은 $40^{\circ}C$까지는 안정하였으나 $50^{\circ}C$이상의 온도에서는 급격하게 활성 떨어졌고, 최적온도는 $40^{\circ}C$였다 MK의 활성은 $pH6\~9$범위에서 매우 안정하였고, 최적 pH는 8이였다. 또한 2가 금속 양이온에 대한 효과는 $Hg^{2+} (1mM)$에 의하여 완전히 활성저해를 보였고, $Zn^{2+}(1mM)$에 의하여 약 $50^{\circ}C$의 저해되는 것을 알았다. Fibrinogen-rich plate와 Fibrinogen-free plate에서 활성을 측정 한 결과, Fibrinogen-rich plate에서는 fibrin 분해능이 있었지만 Fiberinogen-free Plate에서는 분해활성이 없는 것으로 보아 본 효소는 plasminogen activator type의 혈전용해효소로 사료된다. In the previous study, we isolated a myulchikinase (MK), which has fibrinolytic activity and cytotoxicity to the tumor cell line, from myl- chi-jeot-gal. In this study, the effect of NaCl concentration, metallic ions, pH, temperature, and plasminogen on the activity of MK was analysed. The MK activity was maintained at least $80\%$ activity up to $30\%$ NaCl, which indicates that the enzyme may be halotolerant. The optimal pH and temperature were 8 and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively. The fibrinolytic activity of MK was completely inhibited with 0.5 mM $Hg^{2+}$ and inhibited to $50^{\circ}C$ with 1 mM $Cu^{2+}\;and\;Zn^{2+}$. The MK showed strong activity in plasminogen- rich fibrin plate but not in plasminogen-free fibrin plate. The result indicates that the MK may be a plasminogen activator type fibrinolytic enzyme.

산여뀌 추출물의 피부자극, 안점막 자극 및 피부감작성에 대한 위해성 평가

양웅석 ( Woong-suk Yang ),박진식 ( Jin-sik Park ),이재용 ( Jae-yong Lee ),황철원 ( Cher-won Hwang ) 한국환경과학회 2017 한국환경과학회지 Vol.26 No.2

In this study, we evaluated the potential of 70% ethanol extract from Persicaria nepalensis (PNE) as a cosmetic ingredient by primary skin irritation, ocular irritation, and maximization tests for delayed hypersensitivity in New Zealand white rabbits and Hartley guinea pig. Skin safety study was performed to evaluate the potential toxicity of PNE using the primary irritation test. In the primary irritation test, 50% PNE was applied to the skin, and no adverse reactions such as erythema and edema were observed at the intact skin sites. Therefore, PNE was classified as a practically non-irritating material based on a primary irritation index of "0.0.". In the ocular irritation test, the 50% PNE applied did not show any adverse reactions in the different parts of rabbit eyes, including the cornea, iris, and conjunctiva. Thus, PNE was classified as a practically non-irritating material based on an acute ocular irritation index of "0.0.". Skin sensitization was tested by the Guinea Pig Maximization Test (GPMT) and Freund`s Complete Adjuvant (FCA) using an intradermal injection of 10% PNE. Edema and erythema were not observed 24 and 48 h after the topical application of PNE in skin sensitization test, which exhibited a sensitization score of "0.0.". Therefore, it can be suggested that P. nepalensis could be used as potential candidates for cosmoceutical ingredients, without any major side effects.

사매추출물을 함유하는 화장품의 주름 개선 효과

양웅석 ( Woong-suk Yang ),김용민 ( Young Min Kim ),김이화 ( Ee Hwa Kim ),서영배 ( Young-bae Seu ),양윤정 ( Yoon Jung Yang ),김현우 ( Hyun Woo Kim ),강세찬 ( Se Chan Kang ) 대한화장품학회 2010 대한화장품학회지 Vol.36 No.4

본 연구는 에탄올 농도별(0, 30, 50, 70, 100 %)로 추출한 사매추출물의 항산화 효과를 Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity(ORAC)로 평가한 결과 30 % 에탄올 추출물에서 가장 우수하였다. 따라서 30 % 에탄올 추출물의 주름완화에 관련한 효능 및 효과를 확인하기 위하여 마우스 유래 섬유아세포에 대한 세포 독성, MMP-8 collagenase 억제활성 검사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 30 % 에탄올 사매추출물을 섬유아세포에 처리한 결과 세포 독성이 없었고, 20 %의 MMP-8 collagenase 억제 활성을 보였다. 사매 추출물 1 %가 함유된 Di-Wrinkle Free Cream (DWFC)으로부터 35 ~ 50세의 21명 여성을 대상으로 하루에 2번 도포하여 8주간 인체 안전성과 주름개선 임상평가를 수행하였다. 주름 평가 방법은 3차원 입체 측정기(PRIMOS)를 이용하여 평가를 하였다. DWFC에 대한 안전성 평가는 피험자 방문 시 마다 이상반응, 부종, 인설, 가려움, 자통, 작열감, 뻣뻣함, 따끔거림이나 다른 이상반응이 발생하는지 육안평가와 문진으로 평가하였다. PRIMOS(GFM, Germany)를 이용하여 눈 주변의 주름을 분석한 결과 시험제품 사용 8주 후 통계적으로 유의하게 주름이 13 % 감소하였으며, 시험기간 동안 특별한 피부 이상반응은 관찰되지 않았다. 이와 같은 결과로 보아 사매추출물은 인체에 부작용이 없는 주름개선에 효과 있는 화장품으로 개발이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. In this study, we investigated anti-oxidative effects of Duchesnea indica extracts by using Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC). The extracts were prepared with 0 %, 30 %, 50 %, 70 % and 100 % aqueous ethanol respectively. The 30 % EtOH D. indica extract showed higher ORAC activity than the other extracts. Therefore, we performed in vitro studies on cytotoxicity of NIH-3T3 cells and MMP-8 collagenase inhibition using by the 30 % EtOH extract. The 30 % EtOH extract showed no cytotoxicity and significant inhibition on MMP-8 collagenase. And we performed clinical studies for the anti-wrinkle effect of the Di-Wrinkle Free Cream. The cream formula was prepared with 2 % arbutin and 1 % D. indica extract. Twenty one healthy women volunteers, ages of 35 and 50, applied the cream on their faces twice a day for 8 weeks. The skin was evaluated with PRIMOS (phaseshift rapid in vivo measuring of human skin) system and analyzed by the student's paired t-test. The wrinkles on the eye region were reduced by 13 % based on the PRIMOS system after 8 weeks. In the safety study of the Di-Wrinkle Free Cream, no symptoms were observed such as erythema, edema, scaling, itching, stinging, burning, tightness and prickling by visual observation and medical examination of volunteers for 8 weeks. Moreover, there was no noticeable skin disorder during experience period. These results suggested that D. indica extracts could be applied as cosmeceuticals effective for anti-wrinkle.

Fibrinolysis of Fermented Kimchi

정영기,양웅석,강정욱,공인수,김정옥,Jeong, Yong-Kee,Yang, Woong-Suk,Kang, Jeong-Ok,Kong, In-Soo,Kim, Jeong-Ok Korean Society of Life Science 1995 생명과학회지 Vol.5 No.4

Fibrinolytic activity of fermented kimchi and ingredients used for the preparation were assayed by measuring the lysis area on plasminogen-rich fibrin plate. Fermented kimchi and picked fish sauces from changlan, prwan, and anchovy showed the activity, and the activity of pickled fish sauces were high in the order of pickled changlan, picked anchovy(pickled mulchi), and pickled prawn. However, the activity of kimchi may not be attributed to pickled fish sauce because kimchi containing fish sauce did not possess activities were determined from the samples heated for 30min at 100$\circ$C. There was no changes in activities before and after heat treatment indicating the agents may be components other than protein. Since major changes occur during kimchi fermentation were increased sour taste due to production of organic acids such as lactic, citric, oxalic, and succinic acids, the authentic organic acids present were examined for fibrinolytic activities. The results indicates that the major component posses the activity is lactic acid.

한국산 겨우살이 유산균 발효 추출물의 독성 및 면역증강 효과

윤택준(Taek Joon Yoon),양웅석(Woong Suk Yang),박성민(Sung Min Park),정회윤(Hoe Yune Jung),이안나(An Na Lee),정진혁(Jin Hyuk Jung),강태봉(Tae Bong Kang),유영춘(Yung Choon Yoo),김종배(Jong Bae Kim) 한국식품과학회 2009 한국식품과학회지 Vol.41 No.5

Lactobacillus casei KCTC 2180 및 Lact. plantarum KCTC 3103으로 발효된 한국산 겨우살이 추출물인 FKM-110의 렉틴 성분의 함량 변화, 독성 및 면역증강 효과를 검토하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 두 가지 유산균을 이용하여 KM-110을 1-3일간 발효시킨 결과, 렉틴 성분은 발효 전에 비하여 53-71% 정도의 함량을 나타냄으로서 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 마우스에 대한 시료의 독성시험을 위하여 각 시료를 피하 주사하고 LDsub{50} 값을 측정한 결과, KM-110은 50-100 mg/kg인 반면 유산균으로 발효된 겨우살이 추출물인 FKM-110은 150-200 mg/kg인 결과를 보임으로 발효에 의하여 in vivo 독성효과는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 각 시료를 macrphage에 직접 자극하여 염증성 cytokine인 IL-1β 및 TNF-α의 생산능력을 조사한 결과, FKM-110이 KM-110에 비하여 낮은 cytokine의 생산양식을 나타냈다. 그러나 FKM-110의 항원 KLH에 대한 면역증가 효과를 항체 생산능으로 조사한 결과, KM-110과 차이 없이 항원 단독 투여군에 비하여 높은 역가의 항체가 생산되었다. 따라서 겨우살이 추출물을 유산균으로 발효시킨 결과, in vivo 독성은 감소하였으나 면역증강 활성은 KM-110과 동일하게 유지되는 결과를 얻었다. 따라서 겨우살이의 면역증강 활성에 관여하는 성분으로 렉틴 이외에 물질이 관여할 수 있음을 강하게 시사하였다. In this study, Korean mistletoe extract (KM-110) was fermented with two strains of Lactobacillus (FKM-110) and then toxicity, lectin content, and immune activities were investigated. The lectin content of FKM-110 was about 53- 71% lower than that of KM-110. When mice were subcutaneously administered with KM-110 and FKM-110, the LDsub{50} obtained for KM-110 treatment was 50-100 mg/kg as compared to 150-200 mg/mL for FKM-110. Each preparation stimulated macrophages directly and enhanced productivity of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β. FKM-110 treatment resulted in lower cytokine production compared to KM-110. When mice were immunized with Keyhol limpet hemocyanin (KLH) antigen along with KM-110 or FKM-110 administration, higher antibody titers to KLH were observed in the KM-110 or FKM-110 groups compared to mice immunized with KLH alone, thereby showing no difference between KM-110 and FKM-110. Therefore, fermentation of Korean mistletoe extract with these Lactobacillus strains decreased toxicity in vivo while the enhancement of immune activity by KM-110 and FKM-110 was similar. These data suggest that KM-110 fermentation tended to decrease lectin content and in vivo toxicity. In addition, other components in the fermented mistletoe extract appear to stimulate immuno-adjuvant activity instead of lectin.

경도비만 여성에서 생커피두 엑기스의 섭취에 의한 체지방 감소 효과

김태수 ( Tae Su Kim ),양웅석 ( Woong Suk Yang ),박소이 ( So I Park ),이성표 ( Sung Pyo Lee ),강명화 ( Myung Hwa Kang ),이재환 ( Jae Hwan Lee ),박일범 ( Il Bum Park ),박현준 ( Hyun Jun Park ),무라이히로미치 ( Hiromichi Murai ),오카다타다 한국식생활문화학회 2012 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.27 No.4

In previous studies, we performed joint animal studies and clinical trials between Yonsei University and Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co. Ltd. We have shown that coffee bean extract has potent anti-obesity and hypotriglyceridemic activities as well as beneficial effects on body fat reduction.In this study, the effects of coffee bean extract (100 mg/capsule) on body fat reduction were evaluated in overweight/obese women (body mass index of 25~30 kg/m2 or body fat > 30%) not diagnosed with any type of disease. Subjects were randomly assigned to a coffee bean extract group (n=10) or placebo group (n=10). We measured anthropometric parameters, abdominal fat distribution by computed tomography and blood components before and after the 8week intervention period. After supplementation, the coffee bean extract group showed body weight (p=0.08), body mass index (p=0.06), hip circumference (p<0.05), and upper waist circumference (p< 0.01). In addition, after 8 weeks, the coffee bean extract group showed a significant decrease in abdominal internal fat area compared to 0 weeks (0 weeks : 155.8 cm2; 8 weeks : 145.9 cm2, Δ change : -9.9 cm2, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in lipid profiles or serological measurements between the coffee bean extract group and placebo group. The results of our human study demonstrated that coffee bean extract supplementation for 8 weeks has beneficial effects on reducing abdominal internal fat area as well as hip and waist circumferences.

멸치액젓 중 혈전용해효소의 경구 투여 효과

정영기(Yong-Kee Jeong),양웅석(Woong-Suk Yang),김병기(Byung-Ki Kim) 한국생명과학회 1998 생명과학회지 Vol.8 No.6

브로콜리 새싹 추출물의 헬리코박터 파일로리 제균율에 미치는 영향

박소이(So-i Park),강명화(Myung-Hwa Kang),양웅석(Woong-Suk Yang),이성표(Sung-Pyo Lee),김태수(Tae-Su Kim) 한국약용작물학회 2012 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.2

쌀 유래 세라마이드를 함유한 미용보조제의 피부미용개선 효과

김태수(Tae-Su Kim),이성표(Sung-Pyo Lee),박소이(So-i Park),양웅석(Woong-Suk Yang),강명화(Myung-Hwa Kang),무라이 히로미치(Hiromichi Murai),오카다 타다시(Tadashi Okada),이재환(Jae-Hwan Lee),박일범(Il-Bum Park),박현준(Hyun-Jun Park) 한국식품과학회 2012 한국식품과학회지 Vol.44 No.4

쌀 유래 세라마이드를 함유한 미용보조제의 섭취에 관한 위약 대조, 이중 맹검 연구가 건조함으로 인해 항상 피부가 거친 경향이 있었던 33명의 피험자들에게 실시되어 다음과 같은 결과가 얻어졌다. 섭취 6주 후 피부과적 진단에 따르면 건조함, 홍조, 화장유지력, 가려움 등의 관찰항목에서 플라시보 군 및 세라마이드군 모두에서 개선효과가 있었으나 플라시보 군 에서는 개선율이 43.8%인 반면, 세라마이드 군의 개선율은 64.7%로 높았다. 수분량, 유분량, pH 측정결과를 보면, 플라시보 군과 세라마이드 군 모두에서 유분량 및 pH 관련하여 유의한 변화는 없었다. 그러나 수분량에서는 플라시보 군에서 유의한 변화가 없었던 반면, 세라마이드 군에서는 6주 후 유의한 수분량 증가가 있었다. 3차원 현미경 경피분석시스템에 의한 분석결과에 따르면, 세라마이드 군에서는 Kurtosis, 유연성지수(SEsm), 거 지수(SEr), 각질 및 인설지수(SEsc), 주름지수(SEw)가 유의하게 개선되었으나 플라시보 군에서는 어떠한 유의한 변화도 관찰되지 않았다. 이는 이중맹검법으로 실시된 이번 연구에서 피부과적 진단이 명백한 플라시보 효과를 보인 점과 대비된다. 이로써 의사들에 의한 관찰과 더불어 과학적이고 객관적인 측정에 의해 세라마이드는 피부건조함과 거침을 개선하는 데 효과가 있음이 입증되었고 경구섭취로 그 효과가 나타났다. 상기 결과는 쌀 유래 세라마이드 보조제의 장기간에 걸친 섭취가 보습, 피부의 유연성 유지에 효과적이고 따라서 효과적인 피부미용식품임을 보여준다. 〈표 참조〉 A placebo-controlled double-blind ingestion study of a beauty supplement containing rice-derived ceramide was performed. Thirty three subjects who always tended to have rough skin due to dryness participated in the study. Dermatological diagnosis by physicians showed that the supplement significantly improved dryness and itching of the skin. On measurement of water content in the skin, the supplement was shown to significantly increase water content in the skin. On microscopic three-dimensional analysis of the epidermis, the supplement was shown to improve smoothness, exfoliation, and short-term ingestion of the supplement containing rice derived ceramide, which is very effective as skin beautifying food.

라미부딘 치료 중인 만성 B형 간염 바이러스 감염 환자에서 B형 간염 바이러스 역전사효소의 변이 양상

이상용 ( Sang Yong Lee ),허정 ( Jeong Heo ),최철웅 ( Cheul Woong Choi ),이주호 ( Joo Ho Lee ),김광하 ( Gwang Ha Kim ),강대환 ( Dae Hwan Kang ),송근암 ( Geun Am Song ),조몽 ( Mong Cho ),양웅석 ( Ung Suk Yang ),장현정 ( Hyun Jung 대한소화기학회 2003 대한소화기학회지 Vol.41 No.6

Background/Aims: Lamivudine resistant hepatitis B viruses (HBV) by mutations of YMDD motif in the HBV reverse transcirptase are very common in the patients with long-term lamivudine therapy. We investigated the pattern of mutations in and outside of YMDD motif of HBV reverse transcriptase gene during lamivudine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Methods: The study included 80 patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. To determine mutations in the HBV reverse transcriptase, the nucleotide 581-870 of the HBV reverse transcriptase was amplified and analyzed by direct sequencing method. Results: Amino acid changes were detected in 45 (56%) out of 80 patients. YMDD mutants were detected in 62% (28/45) and amino acid changes were detected outside of YMDD motif in 38% (17/45). M552I (82%, 23/28) was more common than M552V (18%, 5/28) in YMDD mutants. L528M was noted in 27% (12/45). F569Y (13%, 6/45), S571A (13%, 6/45), I572V (18%, 8/45) were common amino acid changes. Conclusions: Mutations were frequently detected outside of YMDD motif as well as YMDD motif of HBV reverse transcriptase gene in patients with lamivudine therapy. Most of the mutations in outside of YMDD motif were combined with YMDD mutants. No consistent mutation was found outside of YMDD motif in lamivudine resistant patients. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2003;41:480-485)