한국의 잔디병해 연구사

심규열,이정한,Shim, Gyu Yul,Lee, Jung Han 한국잡초학회 한국잔디학회 2018 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.7 No.2

잔디는 공익적 기능, 오락 및 휴양 그리고 미적인 측면에서 인간에게 다양한 이점을 제공한다. 잔디병해는 골프장, 운동장, 공원, 잔디재배지 등에 피해를 일으키는 주요 원인이며 이를 방제하기 위하여 막대한 비용이 소요된다. 한국의 잔디병해 연구는 아직 다른 분야에 비하여 관심이 낮은 편이지만 잔디병해에 대한 연구의 필요성은 매우 높다고 본다. 본 연구에서는 지금까지 우리나라에서 이루어진 잔디병 관련 연구 결과들을 분석하고, 국내 잔디병 연구사를 정리하여 앞으로의 잔디병리 분야의 발전방향을 고찰하고자 한다. 연구논문은 국내학술지와 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공하는 논문탐색 시스템을 이용하여 잔디병과 관련된 논문을 수집, 분석하였다. 국내 잔디병과 관련된 논문은 약 80여 편이 한국잔디학회지에 게재되어 전체 논문의 50%를 차지하였다. 이 중 잔디병 방제에 대한 논문이 전체논문 대비 50%를 차지하였다. 잔디병해 별로는 라이족토니아마름병(large patch)에 대한 연구가 36%로 가장 많았으며 다음으로 동전마름병(dollar spot) 18%, 피티움마름병(Pythium blight) 10%, 설부병(Typhular blight) 8% 순으로 나타났다. 국내에서 처음으로 보고된 잔디병은 15종류이다. 잔디병 방제를 위하여 국내에 등록된 약제의 수는 542개로 갈색잎마름병, 녹병, 누른잎마름병, 동전마름병, 라이족토니아마름병, 설부소립균핵병, 여름잎마름병, 탄저병, 피티움마름병, 흰가루병과 조류에 등록되어 있다. 향후 우리나라에서 미보고된 잔디병해의 학문적 탐색과 병명의 정립이 필요하고, 효과적인 병방제를 위하여 잔디병에 대한 생리, 생태학적인 연구와 더불어 친환경적 방제 방법의 개발이 필요할 것으로 본다. Turfgrass provides various beneficial effects to our societies such as recreation, aesthetic components, and other public service. Diseases in turfgrass is the major issue, which cause quality problems in golf courses, playgrounds, parks and cultivation areas, and tremendous cost is required to prevent the diseases. Research activity and investigation for turfgrass disease remain to be further attributed when compared to other crops in Korea. In this study, we present previously reported turfgrass diseases researches, especially caused by fungal pathogens, and review the history of turfgrass research activity in Korea to contribute future turfgrass research direction. Research papers were searched and analyzed using Korea Educational and Research Information Service (www.riss.kr). More than eighty papers presented turfgrass diseases and among the papers, 50% were published in Korean Journal of Turfgrass. Half of the papers reported turfgrass diseases control. Research articles about large patch disease were the majority (36%), followed dollar spot (18%), Pythium blight (10%) and Typhular blight (8%). Number of the first disease reports in Korea were total fifteen. Total 542 fungicides have been registered in Korea to prevent turfgrass diseases and most of the fungicides were for brown patch, rust, yellow patch, dollar spot, snow mold, summer patch, anthracnose, Pythium blight, powdery mildew and algae. And we will also need to conduct ecological studies on turf diseases and to develop control methods with improved efficacy and environmentally-friend sound. Researches on epidemiology of turfgrass diseases which deals with the incidence, distribution, and interactions with other factors will be also greatly favored for precise control prescription, timing of control and use of less pesticides.

한지형 잔디의 조성시기, 초종 혼합 비율이 잔디 피복에 미치는 영향

심규열,김창수,이성호,주영규,Shim Gyu Yul,Kim Chang Soo,Lee Seong Ho,Joo Young Kyoo 한국잔디학회 2004 한국잔디학회지 Vol.18 No.4

피복율 가을 조성 시(2001. 9. 4)의 피복율은 롤잔디의 경우 KB100, KB80+PR20 처리구 모두 1.5개월(2001. 10. 20)이 경과하면 $100\%$의 피복율을 나타내었으며, 파종의 경우는 초종의 혼합비율에 따라 피복율이 차이를 보였는데 PR100 처리구가 다른 처리구에 비하여 가장 높은 피복율을 보였으며 다음으로 KB70+PR 30, KB80+PR20, KB100처리구 순으로 나타났다. 휴면기를 거친 후의 피복율은 PR100 처리구가 가장 높게 나타났으며 파종 후 7개월 (2002. 5. 5)만에 $100\%$ 피복되었다. KB100, KB80+PR20, KB70+PR30처리구들은 처리구간의 피복율에 차이가 거의 없었으며 공히 7.5개월(2002. 5. 20)만에 $100\%$ 피복율을 나타내었다. 봄 조성시(2002. 4. 11)의 조성속도는 모든 처리구가 가을 조성(2001. 9. 4)시 보다 빨랐다. 봄조성시의 피복율은 롤잔디의 경우 KB100, KB80+PR20 처리구 모두 조성 1개월(2002. 5.11) 후 1$100\%$ 피복율을 나타내었으며 파종의 경우는 $100\%$ 피복되는데 소요되는 기간은 PR100 처리구의 경우 3개월(2002. 7, 12)로 가장 빠른 조성을 보였으며 다음으로 KB80+PR2O, KB70+PR30 처리구가 3.5개월(2002. 7. 26)이 소요되었으며 KB100 처리구는 4개월(2002. 8. 9)이 소요되었다. 봄 파종시기별 피복율 4월, 5월, 6월에 각각 파종하여 파종시기별, 초종혼합비율에 따른 한지형 잔디의 피복율을 조사한 결과, 파종시기에 따른 피복율은 모든 초종혼합비에서 4월 파종이 가장 높은 피복율을 나타내었으며 다음으로 5월, 6월 순으로 나타났다. 4월 파종과 5월 파종간의 피복율 차는 상대적으로 낮았으나 6월 파종은 4월, 5월에 비하여 피복율 차이가 크게 나타났다. 초종혼합비 율에 따른 피복율은 4월 5월 파종의 경우는 Perennial ryegrass의 혼합비가 높을수록 피복율이 높았으나 6월 파종의 경우는 KB100, KB80 : PR20, KB70 : PR30, KB50 : PR5O의 혼합구는 Perennial ryegrass의 혼합비가 높을수록 피복율이 낮은 경향을 보였으며 PR 100 구는 이들 혼합구보다 약간 높은 피복율을 보였다. 봄 파종시기별, 초종혼합 비율에 따른 개체수 2002년 4월 1일 파종 후 2002년 7월 5일(조성 후 95일)에 초종혼합비율에 따른 개체수 및 총직립 경수를 조사한 결과, KB100:PR0, KB80 :PR20, KB70:PR30, KB50:PR50, PR100:KB0 처리구의 $1m^2$ 당 개체 수는 각각 16,600개, 6,700개, 4,900개, 3,300개, 12,400개였으며 총직립경 수는 각각 33,200개, 22,800개, 18,000개, 15,000개, 62,000개였다. 개체 수는 KB100:PR0처리구가 가장 높았고, 다음은 PR100:KB0처리구였으며 혼합처리구의 경우는 Kentucky bluegrass 혼합비 율이 높을수록 높았다. 총직립경 수는 PR100:KB0 처리구가 KB100:PR0 처리구보다 오히려 높았으며 혼합 처리구의 경우는 개체수와 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 혼합처리구의 경우 초종별 개체수의 비율은 KB80:PR20는 87:13, KB70:PR30는 78:22, KB50:PR50은 48:52의 비율로 나타났다. 조성시기의 기상과 피복율과의 상관관계 2001년 가을과 2002년 봄의 일일평균기온을 비교하여 보면 가을(9월, 10월, 11월) 3개월간의 일일평균기온은 $13.0^{\circ}C$였으며, 봄(4월, 5월, 6월) 3개월간의 일일평균기온은 $17.3^{\circ}C$로 봄철이 가을철 보다 $4.5^{\circ}C$ 높게 나타났다. 조성시기에 따른 한지형 잔디의 피복율 결과에서 봄철이 가을철보다 조성속도가 빠른 것은 일일평균 기온이 피복율에 영향을 미치는 요인중의 하나로 작용하였다. 2001년 가을과 2002년 봄의 일조시간을 비교하여 보면 가을(9월, 10월, 11월) 3개월간의 평균일조시 This study was conducted to find out the effect of sodding and seeding time and rate of seed mixtures on the establishment of cool-season turfgrasses by evaluating the turf coverage rates for two years. In fall planting, the required establishment period of full coverage($100\%$) was 1.5 months with a rolled turf sodding(Kentucky bluegrass $100\%$, Kentucky bluegrass $80\%$+perennial ryegrass $20\%$). The $100\%$ turf establishment was achieved in 7 months with Perennial ryegrass $100\%$, and 7.5 months by seeding with Kentucky bluegrass $100\%$(KB 100), Kentucky bluegrass $80\%$+perennial ryegrass $20\%$(KB80+PR20), Kentucky bluegrass $70\%$+perennial ryegrass $30\%$(KB70+PR30). In spring planting, the establishment periods far sod with KB 100 or KB80+PR20 were taken one month. However, in the case of seeding, the establishment periods were 3 months, 3.5 months, 3.5 months and 4 months with PR100, KB80+PR20, KB70+PR30, and KB 100, respectively Comparing the turf establishment vigor between fall and spring planting, the vigor was higher In spring planting than in fall planting in both sodding and . seeding. In the case of spring planting, the most proper time for turf establishment was tested on April, May, and June trials. The effect was significant in establishment vigor. The result showed highest on April planting. On May and June trials, establishment vigors were decreased gradually As the mixture rate of PR increased, ryegrass, establishment vigor was decreased with the rates. These results indicated that perennial ryegrass has relatively less tolerant to summer heat than Kentucky bluegrass. Number of shoots in 95 days after seeding was higher in KB100 by 16,600 per $m^2$ than in PR100 by 12,400 per $m^2$, while the lowest number showed in KB50+PR50 by 3,300 per $m^2$. Those in KB80:PR20, KB70:PR30 were 6,700 and 4,900 per $m^2$, respectively. The ratios of tillers according to mixture rates between Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass were KB80:PR20=87:13, KB70:PR30=78:22, and KB50:PR50=48:52. According to results in this study, Ideal seeding time might be spring (April) than in fall (September), and proper mixture rate was $80\%$ of Kentucky bluegrass with $20\%$ of perennial ryegrass.

한지형 잔디의 조성시기, 초종 혼합 비율이 잔디 피복에 미치는 영향

심규열(Gyu Yul Shim),김창수(Chang Soo Kim),이성호(Seong Ho Lee1),주영규(Young Kyoo Joo) 한국잡초학회·한국잔디학회 2004 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.18 No.4

This study was conducted to find out the effect of sodding and seeding time and rate of seed mixtures on the establishment of cool-season turfgrasses by evaluating the turf coverage rates for two years.<br/> In fall planting, the required establishment period of full coverage(100%) was 1.5 months with a rolled turf sodding(Kentucky bluegrass 100%, Kentucky bluegrass 80%+Perennial ryegrass 20%). The 100% turf establishment was achieved in 7 months with Perennial ryegrass 100%, and 7.5 months by seeding with Kentucky bluegrass 100%(KB100), Kentucky bluegrass 80%+Perennial ryegrass 20%(KB80+PR20), Kentucky bluegrass 70%+Perennial ryegrass 30%(KB70+PR30).<br/> In spring planting, the establishment periods for sod with KB100 or KB80+PR20 were taken one month. However, in the case of seeding, the establishment periods were 3 months, 3.5 months, 3.5 months and 4 months with PR100, KB80+PR20, KB70+PR30, and KB100, respectively. Comparing the turf establishment vigor between fall and spring planting, the vigor was higher in spring planting than in fall planting in both sodding and seeding.<br/> In the case of spring planting, the most proper time for turf establishment was tested on April, May, and June trials. The effect was significant in establishment vigor. The result showed highest on April planting. On May and June trials, establishment vigors were decreased gradually. As the mixture rate of PR increased, ryegrass, establishment vigor was decreased with the rates. These results indicated that perennial ryegrass has relatively less tolerant to summer heat than Kentucky bluegrass.<br/> Number of shoots in 95 days after seeding was higher in KB100 by 16,600 per ㎡ than in PR100 by 12,400 per ㎡, while the lowest number showed in KB50+PR50 by 3,300 per ㎡. Those in KB80:PR20, KB70:PR30 were 6,700 and 4,900 per ㎡, respectively. The ratios of tillers according to mixture rates between Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass were KB80:PR20=87:13, KB70:PR30=78:22, and KB50:PR50=48:52.<br/> According to results in this study, ideal seeding time might be spring (April) than in fall (September), and proper mixture rate was 80% of Kentucky bluegrass with 20% of perennial ryegrass.

골프장에 생물학적 방제를 이용한 농약사용 저감 방안

심규열(Gyu Yul Shim) 한국수처리학회 1998 한국수처리학회지 Vol.6 No.3

This study was conducted to develop an integrated disease management system of turfgrass using antagonistic microorganisms, fertilizers and fungicides as an alternative measure for the chemical control. Attempts were made to estimate the effect of calcium hydroxide, silicate fertilizer and urea on the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2 and the development of large patch in vitro and in vivo, and to establish the most promising combination of fertilizer, fungicide and antagonistic microbes. The reduction rates of agrochemicals in golf course using microbial products in Korea were decreased 29.3% to 80% yearly. The mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2 were completely inhibited at 2,000, 1,000, and 3,000ppm concentration by calcium hydroxide, silicate fertilizer and urea, respectively. Inhibition effect of silicate fertilizer was the highest, but that of urea was the lowest compared with other treatments. Treatment of calcium hydroxide at rate of 100g/㎡ was the most effective, and control effect appeared from 30 days after treatment in spring, which was better in autumn than in spring. Silicate fertilizer treated at rate of 100g/㎡, 200g/㎡ in spring and 50g/㎡ in autumn were very effective. Urea at rate of 30g/㎡ was more effective than 60g/㎡ and 120g/㎡. The efficacies of mepronil and toclofos-methyl, applied twice in spring and once in autumn, were 83.8% in spring, which persisted to 70% in autumn compared with untreated plot. The efficacies of Trichoderma harzianum were the highest by 55% in spring, but those of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BL-3 and Peudomonas putida were the highest by 80% in autumn among other antagonists tested, when two organisms were applied twice in spring and once in autumn. The most promising co-treatment against large patch was toclofos-methyl with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BL-3 and calcium hydroxide at rate of 300g/㎡, silicate fertilizer 100g/㎡ and urea 80g/㎡. This combination treatment was more effective against autumn epidermics than spring epidermics and resulted in the efficacies of 93.1% suppression over the untreated plot as of October 21th.

우리나라의 골프코스에서 Typhula spp.에 의해 발생하는 설부병의 동정 및 방제

김정호,심규열,이혜민,문효선,김영호,Kim, Jeong-Ho,Shim, Gyu-Yul,Lee, Hye-Min,Moon, Hyo-Sun,Kim, Young-Ho 한국잔디학회 2007 한국잔디학회지 Vol.21 No.2

2004년 3월에 전라북도에 위치한 한 골프장의 켄터키 블루그래스와 퍼레니얼 라이그래스에 설부병이 발병되었다. 감염된 잔디잎들은 서로 엉켜저 매트화 되고, 흰색에서 회백색의 균사체들로 덮여있었다. 균핵들은 잔디의 엽신, 엽초 및 관부 위에 형성되어 있었다. 이병 잎으로부터 분리된 곰팡이는 직경이 1.4 mm 미만의 밝은 핑크에서 갈색의 불규칙한 모양의 균핵과 꺽쇠연결체, 흰색의 균사체 등을 형성하여 Typhula incarnata와 같은 특징을 보였다. 분리된 T. incarnata의 균사생육 적온은 $5{\sim}15^{\circ}C$이었다. 원인균의 ribosomal RNA IST1의 부분 염기서열은 GeneBank database에 등록된 T. incarnata의 부분 염기서열과 91%로의 상동성을 보여 T. incarnata로 동정되었다. 실내 약제방제 시험결과 14개 살균제 중 iprodione, tebuconazole, polyoxin D, flutolanil, hexaconazole, tolclofos-methyl, fosetyl-Al, mepronil, pencycuron+ tebuconazole 및 fenarimol 살균제들은 추천농도에서 완전하게 균생장을 억제하였다. 포장시험에서, 이들 살균제와 thifluzamide와 thiram과 같은 살균제들은 다소 방제효능의 정도 차이는 있지만 효과적으로 잔디 설부병을 방제하였다. In March of 2004, gray snow mold (Typhula blight) caused by Typhula spp. occurred on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poo pratensis L.) at MuJu golf courses in Jeonbuk Province. Leaves in the affected areas were matted together and frequently covered with white to grayish mycelia. Sclerotia were formed on the leaf blade, leaf sheath, or crown regions. The fungus isolated from the diseased leaf formed whitish mycelium, clamp connections, and light pink to brown, irregular-shaped small sclerotia of less than 1.4 mm in diameter, which are characteristic to Typhula incarnata. Optimum temperature ranges for mycelial growth were $5^{\circ}C$ to $15^{\circ}C$. The causal organism was confirmed to be T. incarnata as the partial sequence of its ribosomal RNA ITS1 (internal transcribed spacer) region was 91% homologous to those of T. incarnata in GenBank database. Out of the 14 fungicides tested fur antifungal activity in vitro, 10 fungicides including iprodione, tebuconazole, polyoxin D, flutolanil, hexaconazole, tolclofos-methyl, fosetyl-Al, mepronil, pencycuron+tebuconazole, and fenarimol completely inhibited fungal growth at their recommended concentrations. In the field test, these fungicides and others such as thifluzamide and thiram effectively controlled the gray snow mold of turfgrass with some variable degrees of control efficacies.

외래해충 잔디왕바구미(Sphenophorus venatus vestitus Chittenden)의 발생 보고

양승원,심규열,김정호,홍기정,정영기,Yang, Seung-Weon,Shim, Gyu-Yul,Kim, Jeong-Ho,Hong, Ki-Jeong,Jeong, Young-Gi 한국잔디학회 2009 한국잔디학회지 Vol.23 No.2

2009년 10월 15일 경남 진해시 소재 용원 컨트리클럽의 한국잔디에서 외래해충인 잔디왕바구미의 발생 피해가 최초로 확인되었다. 성충은 체장이 6~11 mm로서 검은색 내지 흑갈색이며, 형태적으로는 앞가슴 등판에 점각무늬가 있으며, 중앙에 Y자 모양의 융기선과 그 양측에 괄호 모양의 융기선이 특징이다. 잔디왕바구미는 한국잔디류를 비롯한 난지형잔디에 피해를 준다. 잔디왕바구미는 검역관리 대상해충이므로 국립식물검역원에서 인근 골프장 및 잔디재배지 등을 위주로 추가 발생 및 피해 여부를 조사하였으나 아직 다른 곳에서의 발생은 확인되지 않았다. In October 2009, hunting billbug, Sphenophorus venatus vestitus Chittenden, was first found on zoysiagrass at Yongweon country club in Jinhae. The adult was 6~11mm long and dark brown to black color. The pronotum is coarsely punctate except for a "Y"-shaped area in the center and a parenthesis-like marking on each side. This pattern is characteristic of the species. This billbug feeds on warm-season grasses like zoysiagrass and Burmudagrass. As the hunting billbug is one of the plant quarantine pests in Korea, the National Plant Quarantine Service surveyed additional occurrence for neighboring golf courses and some turfgrass farms, but not found yet.

여름잎마름병(Summer patch) 병원균에 대한 살균제의 억제효과 조사

이정한,심규열,김정호,전창욱,곽연식,Lee, Jung Han,Shim, Gyu Yul,Kim, Jeong Ho,Jeon, Chang Wook,Kwak, Youn-Sig 한국잡초학회 한국잔디학회 2017 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.6 No.2

국내 Kentucky bluegrass로 조성된 골프장이나 잔디 재배지에서 여름철에 여름잎마름병 발생으로 인한 피해가 심각한 상황이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 여름잎마름병방제약제가 아직까지 등록되어있지 않아 병원균에 효과적인 약제를 선발하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 전형적인 여름잎마름병 병징에서 병원균을 분리하였고 ITS1과 ITS4 염기서열 분석으로 Magnaporthiopsis poae로 동정되었다. 잔디용으로 사용되는 10개의 약제를 대상으로 병원균 반응을 조사한 결과, 약제의 농도가 높아질수록 병원균 생장을 억제하였고 시간이 경과할수록 병원균 억제효과가 떨어지는 것이 관찰되었다. triazole계 약제 4종(metconazole, myclobutanil, propiconazole과 tebuconazole)의 병원균 억제효과는 100%로 나타났다. 다음으로 thiophanate-methyl의 억제효과가 높았으며 strobilurin계의 약제인 azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin과 trifloxystrobin 약제를 비교하였을 때는 pyraclostrobin 약제가 가장 높게 나타났으며 다음으로 azoxystrobin과 trifloxystrobin 순으로 나타났다. Fludioxonil과 fluxapyroxad의 병원균 억제효과는 trifloxystrobin과 유사하게 나타났다. Summer patch is the most serious disease at turfgrass field or golf course established with Kentucky bluegrass during high temperature season in Korea. Nevertheless, chemicals for the summer patch control are not yet registered in Korea. We isolated the pathogens from the turfgrass showing typical summer patch symptoms and identified as Magnaporthiopsis poae by using the internal transcribed spacer ITS1 and ITS4 sequences of rDNA. The inhibition rates of the pathogen were investigated for 10 fungicides. As results, the pathogen growth was suppressed when chemicals concentration increased and negatively correlated with incubation period with the chemicals. In triazole group, all chemicals (metconazole, myclobutanil, propiconazole and tebuconazole) treated showed the inhibition rates by 100%. Thiophanate-methyl showed the next highest inhibition effect against a summer patch pathogen. In strobilurin group, pyraclostrobin was the highest suppression effect compared with azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin. Inhibition effect of fludioxonil and fluxapyroxad on pathogen was similar to the trifloxystrobin. Based on the results, triazole and carboxamide groups are strongly recommended due to the highest inhibition effect on the summer patch pathogen, Magnaporthiopsis poae.

Screening for Antifungal Activity of the Pine Extracts Against Fusarium circinatum

김명주,심규열,Kim, Myoung-Ju,Shim, Gyu-Yul Turfgrass Society of Korea 2010 한국잔디학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Fusarium circinatum은 소나무류에 푸사리움 가지마름병을 유발하는 병원균으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 골프장의 리기다소나무로부터 병원균을 분리하였으며, 이들의 형태적인 특성을 관찰하고 분자생물학적인 방법을 이용하여 동정한 결과 F. circinatum 임을 확인하였다. 특히 histone H3 유전자와 IGS rDNA의 염기서열을 분석한 결과 분리된 균들의 염기서열은 동일하였으며, 유성생식(mating)에 관여하는 유전자를 분석한 결과 모두 MAT1-1 유형임을 확인하였다. 또한 푸사리움 가지마름병에 대한 감수성 수종인 리기다소나무를 비롯하여 저항성 수종인 잣나무와 소나무의 메탄올 추출물을 만들어 이들의 병원균에 대한 항균력을 검정하였다. 그 결과 저항성 수종인 잣나무와 소나무의 추출물에서 리기다소나무 보다 높은 항균력을 확인 하였다. Fusarium circinatum is the causal agent of the pine disease commonly referred to as pitch canker. In this study, F. circinatum was isolated from the diseased Pinus rigida in the golf courses, Korea. The morphological characteristics and the molecular features of the isolates were investigated to identify the pathogen. Histone H3 gene and IGS rDNA region was analyzed and consequently the isolates identified as F. circinatum. All of them have the same sequences and the mating type was determined as MAT1-1. The inhibitory effect of the methanol extracts from the disease resistant pine species, Pinus koraiensis and Pinus densiflora and a susceptible species, P. rigida were evaluated against the isolate, F. circinatum. As a result, the extracts of P. koraiensis and P. densiflora showed higher antifungal activity than that of the susceptible, P. rigida.

한국 골프장 잔디에서의 Sclerotinia homoeocarpa의 약제 저항성 및 방제

김정호,최희열,심규열,김영호,Kim, Jeong-Ho,Choi, Hee-Youl,Shim, Gyu-Yul,Kim, Young-Ho 한국잔디학회 2010 한국잔디학회지 Vol.24 No.2

우리나라 16개 골프장으로부터 동전마름병균 24균주를 분리하였다. Sclereotiona homoeocarpa 24 균주의 약제 저항성 검정은 지오판수화제(benzimidazole계)와 테부코나졸유제(demethylation inhibitor: DMI), 이프로디온수화제(dicaboximide계)가 첨가된 영양배지 위에서 균사 생장에의해 결정되었다. 시험결과 24 균주 중 이프로디온수화제에 약제 저항성 발생률은 83.3%, 지오판수화제 62.5%, 테부코나졸유제 0%를 나타냈었다. 또한 이프로디온수화제와 지오판수화제 두 약제에 대한 약제 저항성 발생률은 58.3%였다. 지오판수화제와 이프로디온수화제의 살균제 저항성 발생률은 잔디 초종과 병원균 분리장소와 상관이 없었다. 동전마름병 방제를 위한 포장시험에서 프로사이미돈(prcymidone), 보스칼리드(boscalid), 플루퀸코나졸+테부코나졸(fluquinconazole+pyrimethanil)이 크리핑벤트그래스의 동전마름병을 효과적으로 방제하였다. A total of 24 isolates of S. homoeocarpa were isolated from 16 golf courses in Korea. Chemical resistance of 24 isolates was determined by in vitro fungal growth on fungicide-amended media with thiophanatemethyl (Benzimidazole fungicide family), tebuconazole (demethylation inhibitor fungicide family: DMI), and iprodione (dicarboximide fungicide family). Results indicated that 83.3% of 24 isolates were resistant to iprodione, 62.5% resistant to thiophanate-methyl and 0% resistant to tebuconazale. The dual resistance of iprodione and thiophanate-methyl was 58.3.%. Occurrence rate of fungicide resistance of thiophanate-methyl and iprodione had no relation to turfgrass varieties and isolated locations of pathogen. In the filed test, procymidone, boscalid, and fluquinconazole+pyrimethanil effectively controlled the dollar spot of creeping bentgrass.

국내 골프코스의 켄터키블루그래스에 Laetisaria fuciformis에 의한 붉은뿔마름병(Red Thread) 발생보고

이정한,김정호,심규열,곽연식,Lee, Jung Han,Kim, Jeong Ho,Shim, Gyu Yul,Kwak, Youn-Sig 한국잡초학회 한국잔디학회 2018 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.7 No.3

2017년 4월 중순 경남 양산에 소재한 골프장에서 Laetisariafuciformis에 의한 redthread 병징이 켄터키블루그래스에 발생하였다. 골프코스의 페어웨이에 불규칙한 모양의 병반 형태로 발생하였다. 감염된 잎은 마름증상을 보이면서 점차 볏짚색으로 변했으며, 잎의 끝부분은 실모양으로 헝클어져있었다. 이른 아침에는 분홍빛을 띤 젤라틴 형태로된 사슴뿔 모양의 균핵을 형성하였다. 배양적 특징으로 균총은 옅은 분홍색이었으며 균사다발이 형성되었고 3-5mm 크기의 연한 분홍색 균핵을 형성하였다. 병원균은 형태, 배양적특징 및 분자생물학적 특징을 토대로 L. fuciformis로 동정되었다. 코흐의 원칙에 따라 병원성 검정을 실시하여 켄터키블루그래스에 병원성이 있음을 확인하였다. 이는 한국에서 L. fuciformis에 의해 켄터키블루그래스에 발생하는 redthread에 대한 최초의 보고이다. In the middle of May 2018, typical red thread disease symptoms were observed on Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) on a golf course, which locates at Yangsan, Gyeongnam province in Korea. Irregular-shaped patched symptoms were observed in fairway of golf course. The foliar symptom was dried out and faded to straw color and tip of the grass leaves were tangled like thread. Early morning, infected and tangled leaves were covered with the pinkish gelatinous antler-like structure (sclerotinia) as a typical red thread disease symptom. Causal fungal pathogens were isolated from the symptom in Kentucky bluegrass. The fungal culture characteristic on potato dextrose agar color of colony was pale pink and conjugated hyphae, sclerotium of irregular shape was pale pink and 3~5mm diameter in size. The pathogen was identified as Laetisaria fuciformis based on morphological and culture characteristics as well as molecular characteristics. Pathogenicity test was verified on the Kentucky bluegrass by Koch's postulates. This is the first report of red thread disease occurrence in Kentucky bluegrass by L. fuciformis in Korea.