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동일성 원칙과 협동조합 조합원 지분에 대한 탐색적 연구
신창섭 ( Shin Chang-sub ) (사)한국협동조합학회 2020 韓國協同組合硏究 Vol.38 No.2
회사(company)와 협동조합(cooperative)은 서로 다른 기업(enterprise) 형태이다. 기업이란 자본, 금융, 노동, 지식, 시설의 결합체를 말하는데, 회사는 자본가적 결합의 측면을 중심으로 법률관계를 구성한 기업이고, 협동조합은 이용자적 결합의 측면을 중심으로 법률관계를 구성한 기업이라고 할 수 있다. 법률관계를 다르게 구성하였기 때문에 회사와 협동조합은 운영과 사업 방식의 차이가 있고, 주주나 조합원이 기업 활동의 결과로 얻는 이익의 성격도 다르다. 본 연구는 회사와 협동조합의 법률관계의 다름을 지분의 개념에 적용하여 검토해보았다. 협동조합에서는 비분할 자본과 이익 없는 분배 원칙에 따라 기업재산 전체에 대한 관념상의 몫으로서 지분은 존재하지 않는다. 또한 출자가액에 따른 의결권을 인정치 않기에 출자금은 조직적 역할을 하지 않는다. 따라서 협동조합 조합원 지분의 원천이자 기준은 협동조합 이용이라고 할 수 있다. A company and a cooperative are sub-categories of enterprise. Enterprise is a combination of capital, finance, labor, knowledge, and facilities. A company is an enterprise that forms a legal relationship based on capitalist aspects. On the other hand, a cooperative is an enterprise based on patronage aspects. This study examined the differences in legal relations between companies and cooperatives in the concept of shares. As a result, the study discovered that cooperatives don’t have property equity and equity stake because of the rule of non-distribution capital and the principle of disinterested distribution, In addition, since the proportion of voting rights to investment are not recognized, contribution does not play an organizational role in cooperatives, so it can be said that the cooperative patronage is the source of a cooperative member’s shares.
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소비자생활협동조합의 사회적 성과 창출과정에 대한 질적 연구
신창섭 ( Chang Sub Shin ),박창길 ( Chang Ki Park ) 한국협동조합학회 2013 韓國協同組合硏究 Vol.31 No.2
The purpose of this study was to investigate the structure and process of creating social performance by the consumer cooperative. For the investigation, 11 month fieldwork was conducted at the iCOOP consumer cooperative. The data were collected through direct observations, documents, formal/informal interviews with 19 people. The collected data were analyzed using the grounded theory by Strauss & Corbin. The outcomes of social performance in the consumer cooperative were positive changes in the emotions and attitude toward life, positive feelings for efficacy of the cooperative policies by the cooperative members, improved economic lives of producer members, increased reputation of the cooperative and collaboration among different local cooperatives in the area. The social performances were created through diverse internal devices and business strategies of the organization to strengthen the representation of members and realize the expectations of members. The uniqueness of these devices and strategies of the cooperative can be characterized by the core concept of “control by members”. Accordingly general consumer cooperatives can be classified into four different types by the sub-dimensions of “control by members” in the study.
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양희범 ( Hee Beom Yang ),신창섭 ( Chang Sub Shin ) 충남대학교 기초과학연구원 2023 충남과학연구지 Vol.40 No.1
In this study, we aim to gain a more detailed understanding of particle spin using the tools of quantum field theory. Firstly, we delve into the fine structure of the hydrogen atom, investigating the discrepancies between the energy levels predicted by the Schrödinger equation and experimental results. These variations are attributed to various interactions, including relativistic effects and spin-orbit coupling. Our emphasis lies particularly on the impact of spin-orbit coupling, exploring the influence of the interaction between the electron's spin, manifested as a magnetic dipole moment, and the potential of the atomic nucleus on energy level changes. Secondly, we focus on the classification of particles into fermions or bosons based on whether their spin is a integer or a half-integer. As each classification leads to different exchange behaviors of particles, we investigate their responses accordingly and derive the spin-statistic theorem.
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신창섭 ( Shin¸ Chang-sub ) (사)한국협동조합학회 2021 韓國協同組合硏究 Vol.39 No.2
이 연구는 노동자협동조합에서 자기경영이 어떤 의미를 가지고 있으며, 구체적으로 어떻게 이루어지고 있는지 프랑스 노동자협동조합의 사례를 통해 살펴본다. 자기경영이란 용어는 법적 형태의 맥락에서, 경영 방식의 맥락에서 동시에 사용될 수 있다. 법적 형태의 맥락에서 자기경영은 주로 노동자협동조합 등 노동자가 통제하는 기업을 가리키는 용어로 쓰인다. 경영 방식의 맥락에서 자기경영은 법적 형태와 상관없이 수평적이고 분권화된 경영 방식을 가리킨다. 법적 형태로서 노동자협동조합은 거버넌스와 이익분배 등에 노동자들의 참여가 보장되어 있지만, 이러한 간접 참여만으로는 노동자협동조합의 잠재력이 발현되기 힘들다. 노동자협동조합의 의사결정 메커니즘에 노동자들의 참여가 저조해지면 주인의식이 아닌 개인적 이해를 앞세우는 집단 이기심이 발현될 가능성이 커진다. 그러므로 노동자협동조합의 규모가 커질수록 의사결정 메커니즘에 수평적이고 분권화된 경영 방식을 채택하여 노동자들의 참여를 높일 필요성 또한 커진다고 할 수 있다. 이에 대한 사례로서 프랑스의 Scop인 Alma의 사례를 살펴보았다. This study investigates the meaning of self-management in workers’ cooperatives and how they are implemented in detail through a case of French Scop. The term self-management can be used simultaneously in the context of legal forms and in the context of management practices. In the context of a legal form, self-management mainly refers to enterprises controlled by workers, such as workers’ cooperatives. In the context of management style, self-management refers to a horizontal and decentralized management style regardless of legal form. As a legal form, workers’ cooperatives guarantee members to participate in governance and profit distribution, but it difficult to reveal the potential strengths of workers’ cooperatives through only indirect participation. If workers’ participation is low in the decision-making mechanism, collective ownership is likely to turn into collective selfishness which puts personal interests ahead of ownership. Therefore, it can be said that as the size of workers’ cooperatives increases, the necessity of adopting a horizontal and decentralized management also increases. As an example of this, I studied the case of Alma, a French Scop.
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K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>가 흡착된 합성제올라이트 구조체의 소화농도에 관한 연구
김승일,신창섭,Kim, Seung-Il,Shin, Chang-Sub 한국화재소방학회 2012 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.26 No.4
본 연구에서는 입자크기 및 밀도가 비교적 작고 소화효과에 있어서 부촉매효과를 나타내는 다공성 흡착제인 합성제올라이트에 $K_2CO_3$를 중량비에 따라 흡착시킨 구조체의 소화농도를 측정하였다. 그리고 구조적 특성을 파악하고자 주사전자 현미경(SEM)의 측정 및 X-Ray 회절분석, 열분석 등을 실시하였다. 흡착구조체의 소화농도실험에서 중량비에 관계없이 순수 $K_2CO_3$의 소화농도보다 모두 낮게 나타났다. 그리고, 특히 $K_2CO_3$와 합성제올라이트의 중량비가 7 : 3인 경우는 소화농도가 5.72배 낮게 측정되었고 ABC분말소화약제보다 약 1.1배 낮게 나타났다. SEM 사진 및 XRD 회절패턴분석을 통해 $K_2CO_3$가 합성제올라이트에 흡착되었다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 열분석을 통해 흡착구조체가 순수 $K_2CO_3$보다 소화에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤을 것이라 추정할 수 있었다. In the study, fire extinguishing concentration of $K_2CO_3$-Zeolite composite was measured. Zeolite composite is a porous adsorbent which has small particle size, low density and anti-catalytic effect. Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray diffraction and thermal analysis were also conducted to investigate the structural properties of composite. The result showed that despite of weight ratio, the extinguishing concentration of the composite was lower than pure $K_2CO_3$. The extinguishing concentration of $K_2CO_3$-Zeolite composite which has weight ratio of 7 : 3 was 5.72 times lower than that of pure $K_2CO_3$ and 1.1 times lower than that of ABC powder. The SEM and XRD patterns showed that $K_2CO_3$ was adsorbed on the Zeolite properly, and through the thermal analysis, it was founded that the composite is more effective extinguishing agent than pure $K_2CO_3$.
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신창섭 ( Chang Sub Shin ),김성민 ( Sung Min Kim ) 충북대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2007 산업과학기술연구 논문집 Vol.21 No.2
Halon gas agent has been widely used as the extinguishing agent for B class and C class fires because of its excellent extinguishing power. But Halon was found to contribute to the ozone layer destruction, eventually Halon designated as one of ozone-layer-destroying materials in the Montreal Protocol in 1987, and agreed among the nations to reduce its use step by step. Accordingly, the nations in the world have developed and are now using the substitute for Halon agent and the new system. In this study, in the context of such researches, we measured the effect of concentrations of inert gaseous agents by Cup-burner method. The results of the experimentation on the changes of each inerting gas agent extinguishing concentration for n-Heptane were as follows. The extinguishing concentration of Argon, Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, Helume and mixed agents such as IG-541, IG-55 was measured respectively. The best extinguishing capacity of inerting gaseous agent for n-Heptane fire was Helium.
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