Salmonella spp. 특이적인 검출을 위한 SYBR Green real-time PCR 기법 적용

신승원,차승빈,이원정,신민경,정명환,유안나,정병열,유한상,Shin, Seung Won,Cha, Seung Bin,Lee, Won-Jung,Shin, Min-Kyoung,Jung, Myunghwan,Yoo, Anna,Jung, Byeng Yeal,Yoo, Han Sang 대한수의학회 2013 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.53 No.1

The aim of this study was to applicate and evaluate a SYBR Green real-time PCR for the specific detection of Salmonella spp. Specificity of the PCR method was confirmed with 48 Salmonella spp. and 5 non-Salmonella strains using invA gene primer. The average threshold cycle ($C_T$) of Salmonella spp. was $11.83{\pm}0.78$ while non-Salmonella spp. was $30.86{\pm}1.19$. Correlation coefficients of standard curves constructed using $C_T$ versus copy number of Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076 showed good linearity ($R^2=0.993$; slope = 3.563). Minimum level of detection with the method was > $10^2$ colony forming units (CFU)/mL. These results suggested that the SYBR Green real-time PCR might be applicable for the specific detection of Salmonella spp. isolates.

적백하오관중탕(赤白何烏寬中湯)의 기원(基源), 변천과정(變遷過程) 및 구성원리(構成原理)

신승원,김윤희,유정희,이준희,고병희,이의주,Shin, Seung-Won,Kim, Yun-Hee,Yu, Jeong-Hee,Lee, Jun-Hee,Kho, Byung-Hee,Lee, Eui-Ju 사상체질의학회 2010 사상체질의학회지 Vol.22 No.2

1. Objectives: This paper was written to understand the origin, changes and the constructive principles of Jeokbaekhaogwanjung-tang(Chibaihewu-tang; 赤白何烏寬中湯). 2. Methods: Jeokbaekhaogwanjung-tang and other related prescriptions were analyzed in terms of pathology, based on "Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)", "Donguisusebowon Chobongwon(東醫壽世保元 草本卷)", "Donguisusebowon Gabobon(東醫壽世保元 甲午本)", "Donguisusebowon Sinchukbon(東醫壽世保元 辛丑本)" and "Donguisasangsinpyeon(東醫四象新編)" 3. Results: and Conclusions: 1) The origin of Jeokbaekhaogwanjung-tang, which inherited the spirit of Zhang, Zhongjing(張仲景)'s Sasim-tang(Xiexin-tang; 瀉心湯), is discovered in the prescriptions for Sun-qi(順氣), that is, Gwanjung-hwan(Kuanzhong-wan; 貫衆丸) and Mokhyangsungi-san(Muxiangshunqi-san; 木香順氣散). 2) The Jeokbaekhaogwanjung-tang was derived from Gangchulpajeok-tang(Jiangzhupoji-tang; 薑朮破積湯) of "Dongyisusebowon Gabobon", where the herbal medicines, Panax ginseng(人蔘) of Sasim-tang was replaced with Cynanchum wilfordii(白何首烏) and Allium sativum(獨頭蒜) was newly used too. Thereafter, Polygonum multiflorum(赤何首烏) and Alpinia oxyphylla(益智仁) were first added in Jeokbaekhaogwanjung-tang in "Sinchukbon". 3) The Jeokbaekhaogwanjung-tang, composed of 8 herbs except for Zizyphus jujuba(大棗), treats Taeumjeung(太陰證) of Soeumin(少陰人) through warming the Stomach(溫胃) of Cynanchum wilfordii, Polygonum multiflorum, Zingiber officinale(乾薑) and Alpinia officinarum(良薑) and downbearing the Yin(降陰) of Citrus reticulata(靑皮), Citrus unshiu(陳皮), Cyperus rotundus(香附子) and Alpinia oxyphylla.

수중 환경의 MANET을 고려한 매체 접근 제어 프로토콜

신승원,윤남열,이진영,이승주,박수현,Shin, Seung-Won,Yun, Nam-Yeol,Lee, Jin-Young,Lee, Seung-Joo,Park, Soo-Hyun 대한전자공학회 2013 전자공학회논문지 Vol.50 No.6

Underwater wireless communication systems can be useful for underwater environment observation, catastrophe prevention, ocean resources exploration, ocean organism research, vessel sinking exploration, and so on. However, unlike terrestrial wireless communication, underwater wireless communication should consider factors such as long propagation delay, limited transmission capacity, high bit-error rate due to potential loss in power, ambient noise, man-made noise, multi-path, etc., because of the inherent characteristics of water. Thus, in this paper, we propose a suitable media access control(MAC) protocol that applies a combination of the ALOHA MAC protocol and the CSMA/CA MAC protocol to underwater environment. We further propose a mathematical analysis model to evaluate performance. We also verify performance improvement in the proposed scheme in comparison with existing MAC protocols. 수중무선통신시스템은 AUV간 수중 무선통신, 해양환경 모니터링, 양식장 관리, 항만 감시, 자원 탐사 및 개발, 지형 및 지질 조사 등 다양한 산업에 활용 가능하다. 하지만 수중 무선 통신은 지상 무선 통신과는 달리 물이 가지고 있는 매질의 특성때문에 전력손실, 주위 잡음 및 인위 잡음, 멀티패스 등으로 인한 높은 에러율 그리고 긴 전송지연 등과 같은 요소들을 고려하여야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 ALOHA 기반의 Media Access Control(MAC) 프로토콜과 CSMA/CA 기반의 MAC 프로토콜을 혼합하여 수중 환경에 적합한 MAC 프로토콜을 제안한다. 성능을 평가하기 위해 수학적 분석 모델을 제시하고, 구현을 통해 기존 MAC 프로토콜과 비교함으로써 성능의 개선점을 검증한다.

항생제 내성 및 감수성 Salmonella typhimurium 균주에 대한 개똥쑥 지상부 정유와 Kanamycin의 병용효과

신승원,Shin, Seung-Won 대한약학회 2007 약학회지 Vol.51 No.5

The essential oil fraction from the aerial parts of A. annua was analyzed by GC-MS. As the results, caryophyllene oxide (11.7%), caryophyllene (7.54%), camphor (7.32%), 1,8-cineol (4.98%), and borneol (3.99%) were confirmed as the main components of the oil fraction. The effects of this oil and its main components on antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant strains of Salmonella enteritidis and S. typhimurium were assessed. A. annua oil fraction significantly inhibited all strains of the two Salmonella species examined, with minimum inhibiting concentrations (MICs) ranging from 2.0 mg/ml to 8.0 mg/ml. Among the main components of the oil, borneol and camphor showed relatively strong inhibiting activity with MICs between 1.0 mg/ml and 4.0 mg/ml. The MICs of caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide were higher than 16 mg/ml. The combination effects of the oils with kanamycin were evaluated using a checkerboard microtiter assay. Against S. typhimurium KCCM11862 and CCARM8009 strains, the oil fraction of A. annua, camphor, and 1,8-cineol exhibited significant synergistic with kanamycin with fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices in the range of 0.085 to 0.375. In conclusion, a combination of kanamycin and A. annua oil or its main component, camphor, and cineol, may be useful for reducing the minimum effective dose of antibiotic required for the treatment of resistant S. typhimurium infections.

동적 타임 슬롯 할당에 기반한 수중 모바일 Ad-hoc 네트워크에서의 매체접근제어 프로토콜

신승원,김영표,윤남열,박수현,Shin, Seung-Won,Kim, Yung-Pyo,Yun, Nam-Yeol,Park, Soo-Hyun 한국시뮬레이션학회 2011 한국시뮬레이션학회 논문지 Vol.20 No.4

수중 모바일 ad-hoc 네트워크는 수중환경 감시, 재난방지, 해양자원 탐사, 해양생명체 탐구, 그리고 침몰선박 탐색과 같은 수중환경의 다양한 분야에서 유용하다. 수중 환경에서 다중 데이터 통신을 하기 위해서는 효율적인 Medium Access Control (MAC) 프로토콜의 설계가 필요하다. Aloha 프로토콜은 기본적이고 간단한 프로토콜의 하나지만, 충돌이 자주 발생하는 단점이 있다. 만약 RF 통신에서 충돌이 발생한다면, 재전송을 하여 이 문제를 해결할 수 있지만, 저주파를 사용하는 수중에서는 전송 속도가 느리기 때문에 재전송에 많은 어려움이 따른다. 따라서 충돌을 피하기 위해 MAC 프로토콜 기반의 Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA)가 사용되고 있지만, 기존 TDMA는 보낼 데이터가 없을 경우, 타임 슬롯을 쓰지 않는 문제점이 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 보낼 데이터가 없을 경우, 짧은 "I Have No Data"(IHND)를 보냄으로써 타임 슬롯을 단축시키는 동적 TDMA 프로토콜 방식을 제안한다. 또한, 본 논문에서는 데이터 처리량과 채널 효율에 관련된 수학적 분석 모델을 제시하고 기존 TDMA 프로토콜과 비교함으로써 성능의 우수성을 검증한다. Underwater wireless network can be useful in various fields such as underwater environment observation, catastrophe prevention, ocean resources exploration, ocean organism research, and vessel sinking exploration. We need to develop an efficient design for Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol to improve multiple data communication in underwater environment. Aloha protocol is one of the basic and simple protocols, but it has disadvantage such as collision occurs oftenly in communication. If there is collision occured in RF communication, problem can be solved by re-sending the data, but using low frequency in underwater, the re-transmission has difficulties due to slow bit-rate. So, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) based MAC protocol is going to be used to avoid collisions, but if there is no data to send in existing TDMA, time slot should not be used. Therefore, this paper proposes dynamic TDMA protocol mechanism with reducing the time slots by sending short "I Have No Data" (IHND) message, if there is no data to transmit. Also, this paper presents mathematic analysis model in relation to data throughput, channel efficiency and verifies performance superiority by comparing the existing TDMA protocols.

소양인(少陽人) 병증(病證) 진단 알고리즘 개발 연구

신승원,이의주,고병희,이준희,Shin, Seung-Won,Lee, Eui-Ju,Koh, Byung-Hee,Lee, Jun-Hee 사상체질의학회 2011 사상체질의학회지 Vol.23 No.3

1. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to develop the algorithm, which can help clinicians diagnose Soyangin's symptomatology, based on the indexes for energy and fluid and those for nutrient material. 2. Methods: The items of "Donguisusebowon(東醫壽世保元)" were analysed to figure out the inevitable and sequential indexes of Soyangin's symptomatology diagnosis, in order of exterior-interior pattern differentiation, favorable-unfavorable pattern differentiation, and mild-severe-dangerous-urgent pattern differentiation. 3. Results and Conclusions: 1) 1st step: Soyangin's exterior pattern and interior pattern are differentiated in terms of heat and cold, respectively. Aversion to cold and feces are used to confirm the difference. 2) 2nd step: The existence of diarrhea is used to find out that an exterior pattern is with or without favor, while the indexes of back cold, skinniness of thigh-knee and turbid urine are used to identify an interior pattern with or without favor. 3) 3rd step: The favorably exterior-heat pattern can be either mild or severe by the indexes of stuffiness/rigidity/pain below the heart and digestion, while the unfavorably exterior-heat pattern can be either dangerous or urgent by the ones of cold-heat and specific pain. And, the favorably interior-cold pattern can be either mild or severe mainly by feces and subsidiarily by delirious speech and digestion, while the unfavorably interior-cold pattern can be either mild or severe by afternoon tidal fever and vomiting.

태음인(太陰人) 병증(病證) 진단 알고리즘 개발 연구

신승원,이의주,고병희,이준희,Shin, Seung-Won,Lee, Eui-Ju,Koh, Byung-Hee,Lee, Jun-Hee 사상체질의학회 2012 사상체질의학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Objectives : This study is aimed to develop the algorithm to diagnose Taeeumin's symptomology, by the method of literature research on Sasang Constitutional Medicine. Methods : Applying the sequential differentiations of Taeeumin's symptomology, or exterior-interior disease differentiation, favorable-unfavorable pattern differentiation, and mild-severe-dangerous-urgent pattern differentiation, "Donguisusebowon" and related literatures have been reviewed. Results and Conclusions : 1) 1st step: Taeeumin's exterior pattern and interior pattern are differentiated by the indexes of whole-body cold or heat pattern, sweating, and facial complexion. 2) 2nd step: The favorable pattern of the Taeeumin's exterior disease can be detected by indexes of the existence of fever, generalized pain while the unfavorable one by indexes of the abnormal condition of digestion and feces, and fearful throbbing. The favorable pattern of the Taeeumin's interior disease can be diagnosed based on indexes of eye pain, dry nose, dry throat, and heat symptoms that occur in various parts of the body, while the unfavorable one by indexes of thirsty, urination, feces and specific symptoms which can be induced by dryness. And in the both unfavorable patterns the dark complexion on the faces is revealed. 3) 3rd step: The mild-severe patterns of the favorably exterior disease are differentiated in terms of the condition of fever, while the mild-severe patterns of the favorably interior disease are in differentiated based on whether abnormal symptoms are revealed in the gastrointestinal tract. Both of the unfavorably dangerous-urgent patterns in exterior and interior diseases are differentiated by the symptoms such as tinnitus, dim vision, weakness of legs and back pain, and lack of strength in legs and thighs.

천궁의 세포배양에 의한 정유성분의 생산

신승원,박봄뫼,Shin, Seung-Won,Park, Bom-Moi 대한약학회 1994 약학회지 Vol.38 No.2

Callus was derived from the shoots of Cnidium officinale. The growth rate of callus and the production of essential oils were studied under different culture conditions. The essential oils in the rhizome of Cnidium officinale and the cultivated callus were analyzed and compared by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. It appeared that NAA induced higher growth rate and production of essential oils than 2,4-D. The compositions of essential oils were influenced by the illumination. Butyl phthalide, cnidilide, senkyunolide, butylidene phthalide, ligustilide, grandisol, tricosane, 3-methylphenol and 2-pentylthiophene were identified in the cultivated callus.

국내 우군에서 소 결핵 진단을 위한 피내검사법과 Interferon-γ 생성 검사의 비교

신승원,신민경,차승빈,우종태,이성모,구복경,조윤상,정석찬,유한상,Shin, Seung Won,Shin, Min Kyoung,Cha, Seung Bin,Woo, Jong Tae,Lee, Sung Mo,Ku, Bok Kyung,Cho, Yun Sang,Jung, Suk Chan,Yoo, Han Sang 대한수의학회 2011 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.51 No.2

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused primarily by Mycobacterium bovis, continues to exert an economic loss, even in countries with active control measures, and is one of zoonotic diseases enable to be transmitted to human. The control and eradication of bTB are mainly based on a test and slaughter policy and/or abattoir surveillance. Various factors including limitation of diagnostic tests have been considered as major constraints to eradication. Single intradermal test (SIT) is the official diagnostic test. New diagnostic methods are needed to be developed, because of limitations of the test. In the present study SIT was compared with single intradermal comparative cervical test (SICCT) and interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ assay. There was very low correlation between SIT and SICCT. However, high correlation was shown between SIT and IFN-${\gamma}$ assay while no correlation was observed between SICCT and IFN-${\gamma}$ assay. Therefore, our results suggest the possibility of replacement of SIT with IFN-${\gamma}$ assay for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis.

소음인(少陰人) 병증(病證) 진단 알고리즘 개발 연구

신승원,이의주,고병희,이준희,Shin, Seung-Won,Lee, Eui-Ju,Koh, Byung-Hee,Lee, Jun-Hee 사상체질의학회 2011 사상체질의학회지 Vol.23 No.1

1. Objectives: This study is aimed to develop the algorithm, which can help clinicians diagnose Soeumin's symptomology, based on the indexes such as dry mouth, water drinking, sweat, urine, appetite, digestion, and stool, etc. 2. Methods: This research analyzes the items of "Donguisusebowon(東醫壽世保元)" to reveal the inevitable and sequential indexes of Soeumin's symptomology diagnosis, in order of exterior-interior pattern differentiation, favorable-unfavorable pattern differentiation, and mild-severe-dangerous-urgent pattern differentiation. 3. Results and Conclusions: 1) 1st step: Soeumin's exterior pattern and interior pattern are differentiated in terms of heat and cold, respectively. Stool and digestion are used to confirm the difference. 2) 2nd step: The existence of sweat is used to find out that an exterior pattern is with or without favor, while the indexes of stool, dry mouth, and generalized pain are used to identify an interior pattern with or without favor. 3) 3rd step: The favorably exterior-heat pattern can be either mild or severe by the indexes of cold-heat, stool, tidal fever, and manic raving, panting and straight looking, while the unfavorably exterior-heat pattern can be either dangerous or urgent by the ones of cold-heat, stool, and urine. And, the favorably interior-cold pattern can be either mild or severe by the indexes of stuffiness and fullness, jaundice, and edema, while the unfavorably interior-cold pattern can be either mild or severe by the ones of vexation level.