수질개선과 생태서식환경을 고려한 수변생태구역 너비 결정 방법 - 진위천 적용을 중심으로 -

송인홍,김익재,SONG, Inhong,KIMm, IkJae 한국농촌계획학회 2018 농촌계획 Vol.24 No.2

Riparian management has become important as stream water quality as well as riparian ecosystem gain more public attentions. The objective of this study was to determine riparian widths based on the functions of nutrient removal and wildlife habitat protection and to apply for the Jinwee stream area as a preliminary case. Nitrogen and phosphorus filtration efficiencies were considered in water quality aspect, while the habitat radii of amphibian and reptiles were used for wildlife conservation purpose. In addition, observation of endangered species and human impact on wildlife disturbance in riparian area were also taken into account in determining riparian widths. The stream confluence zone was emphasized by doubling the riparian widths as the focal point for wildlife habitat conservation. As the results, three different levels of riparian widths were proposed depending on the major riparian functions and applied to the Jinwee stream section as the case study. The proposed method can be used to determine riparian width in other stream areas based on different functional focus, ie, water quality or riparian conservation purposes.

간척농지 청보리 재배에 따른 토양 내 질소 및 인 농도변화 분석

송인홍 ( Inhong Song ),이경도 ( Kyong-do Lee ),강문성 ( Moon-seong Kang ),최진용 ( Jin-yong Choi ),장정렬 ( Jeong-ryeol Jang ) 한국농공학회 2011 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2011 No.-

새만금 간척사업을 통해 광활한 내부용지가 조성 중이고 상당부분을 농경지가 차지하고 있다. 간척농지의 경우 염분 농도가 높아 대부분 도수작으로 이용되어 왔다. 최근 간척농지의 이용을 다양화 하고 농가소득을 증대하기 위한 방안으로 고부가가치 밭작물 도입하는 정책을 추진 중에 있다. 이로 인한 농경지 토양에서의 비료성분 농도변화 및 배출기작의 구명을 통하여 비점부하 저감대책을 수립하는 것이 필요하다. 2010년 11월에서 2011년 5월 동절기를 통해 새만금 간석지에 조성된 밭 포장에서 청보리를 재배하고 토양에서의 영양물질 변화를 분석하였다. 화학비료, 축분, 무처리의 3개 비종처리에 따른 토양 영양물질 농도변화를 비교 분석하였다. 이를 위해 표토와 심토를 월 1회 샘플링하고 물리화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 또한 토양수를 통한 영양물질 손실을 살펴보기 위해 3개 깊이의 토층에서 유공컵을 이용하여 월 1회 토양수 시료를 추출하고 화학적 성분을 분석하였다. 비료의 작물에 의한 이용효율을 살펴보기 위해 수확한 작물체의 건조중량 및 영양물질 함량도 분석하였다. 토양의 질소와 인 농도는 화학비료 및 축분 처리구의 표층에서 대조구에 비해 증가한 반면, 심토에서는 대조구와 유사하게 나타났다. 화학비료 처리구에서는 질소 농도가 상대적으로 크게 증가하였고, 축분처리구는 인의 농도가 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 토양수에서는 축분처리구가 화학비료 처리구에 비해 질소 농도가 높고 인의 농도가 낮게 나타났다. 일반적으로 간척토양은 양분흡착능이 낮아 인의 토양 흡착이 낮다. 본 연구에서는 축분 처리시 토양 유기물 농도를 증가시키고 이는 토양의 양분 흡착능을 증가시켜 토양수에서의 인의 농도가 낮게 유지되는 것으로 판단된다.

퇴비 토지환원에 따른 미생물 위해성 평가 Framework 개발

송인홍 ( Inhong Song ),강문성 ( Moon-seong Kang ),안지현 ( Ji-hyun Ahn ),박지훈 ( Jihoon Park ) 한국농공학회 2012 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2012 No.-

Along with increasing interest in organic farming or environmental-friendly, land application of compost for crop production has been increased substantially. However, livestock manure based compost is a composite of myriad microbes of which some might be harmful to human being. Thus appropriate application guidelines need to be developed for safe compost use for agricultural purpose. The objective of this study is to develop a framework for the microbial risk assessment associated with compost farmland application. The procedure of the microbial process involves identification of potential hazardous microbes that may exist in compost, exposure assessment of farmer to pathogenic microbes, and application of dose-response relationship to derive application concentration. The concentrations of potentially pathogenic microorganisms in compost necessary to achieve a 1:10,000 annual risk of infection will be estimated to be proposed as the compost quality to be met for safe use and agricultural production. In this study, rice paddy farming which is the most prevailing practice in Korea was considered as the cultivation type. Typical rice farming practice was set into a scenario of which each process was evaluated in terms of microbial exposure and thus health effects on farmers. The whole assessment process was incorporated into the microbial risk assessment framework for the compost land application. The established framework will provide us a platform for microbial risk assessment in association with compost application for agricultural purposes.

우리나라 농업기상재해의 공간 분포 및 지역 특성 분석

송인홍 ( Inhong Song ),송정헌 ( Jung Hun Song ),김상민 ( Sang Min Kim ),장민원 ( Min Won Jang ),강문성 ( Moon-seong Kang ) 한국농공학회 2012 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.54 No.6

Along with global warming, ever intensifying weather events have increased damages to agricultural farms and facilities. The objective of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution and regional characteristics of agricultural damages by extreme weather events. Agricultural disaster statistics provided by the National Emergency Management Agency were summed over for a 13-year period from 1998 to 2010 and used for the spatial analysis. Two indices of damage area ration and property damage per unit area were introduced to quantify regional agricultural damages. As the results, farm inundation accounted for the largest area primarily damaged by typhoons with heavy rainfalls. Most property damages to farm lands originated from farm erosion in the alpine regions by localized guerrilla rains. The two major causes of damages to greenhouse and livestock facilities were typhoon with strong wind and winter blizzards. Gangwon was the province of the largest property loss mostly from farm land erosion losses, followed by Gyeongnam, Jeonnam, and Chungnam where losses to greenhouse and livestock facilities were relatively greater. Property loss per unit area was also the greatest for the Gangwon province (4.91 M￦/ha), followed by Gyongnam and Chungnam of 2.20 and 1.50 M￦/ha, respectively. Unit loss for greenhouse and livestock facilities was 13.3 M￦/ha, approximately 13 times greater than that for farm land (1.06 M￦/ha). The study findings indicated the importance of reducing highland farm erosion and reinforcing farming facilities structures for agricultural disaster management.

영농방법 개선에 따른 농업 비점오염원 저감 연구 실험 설계

송인홍 ( Inhong Song ),강문성 ( Moon-seong Kang ),이경도 ( Kyong-do Lee ),최진용 ( Jin-yong Choi ) 한국농공학회 2010 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2010 No.-

Agriculture-originated nutrients have long been recognized as a major cause of reservoir algae bloom necessitating appropriate management measures. Hereby we would like to address the experimental plan for our proposed study on the impacts of irrigated-rice-paddy farming practices on agricultural NPS pollutant loads. The study plans to investigate NPS pollutant loads from field scale paddy plots for the select paddy farming methods. Paddy plots located downstream of Paltan and Nonsan reservoir are considered by candidate study area. Treatment factors for the field experiment include irrigation type, fertilization method, rice variety, and cropping system. For each treatment level, triplicate field plots are to be established. Field water budget and key NPS pollution phenomena for each farming practice will be closely investigated to estimate their NPS pollutant loads to surface waterbodies. Irrigation, precipitation, drainage, infiltration, and paddy water level during crop growth season will be monitored for paddy field water budgeting. Key NPS including TN, TP, COD, and SS are to be measured by sampling water on a monthly basis. The anticipated study outcomes would enable us better understand NPS runoff mechanisms as affected by paddy farming practice.

지표와 지중 퇴비 시비에 따른 토양에서의 분변성 미생물 생존성 비교

전상민,송인홍,김계웅,황순호,강문성,Jun, Sang Min,Song, Inhong,Kim, Kyeung,Hwang, Soon Ho,Kang, Moon Seong 한국농공학회 2015 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.57 No.3

The objective of this study was to compare fecal microbes survival in soil between compost surface application and soil incorporation. The survival experiment was conducted in six styrofoam beds ($510{\times}325{\times}305(mm)$ in size) filled with sandy loam soil. A half of six boxes were received by compost surface application, while the other half were treated with compost-soil mixture. Duplicated surface and surbsurface soil (20 cm depth) samples were collected at various interval up to 50 days and analyzed for the determination of fecal coliforms and E. coli numbers. As expected, surface applied beds demonstrated two to three magnitudes order greater in both the study microorganisms as compared to soil incorporated beds. Microbial inactivation rate of soil surface was twice as great as subsurface soil condition probably due to exposure to sun light and environmental conditions including moisture loss. When rainfall occurred, microbes on the surface were transported into soil along with water movement. It was concluded that surface compost application may be easier to apply but pose higher risk of human exposure to microbes. Winter compost application may be favorable in alleviating health risk by giving some time for inactivation compared to spring application.

하수에서의 대장균수 확률분포 특성 분석

전상민,송인홍,정한석,강문성,박승우,Jun, Sang Min,Song, Inhong,Jeong, Han Seok,Kang, Moon Seong,Park, Seung Woo 한국농공학회 2013 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.55 No.3

Probability distribution of microbes in wastewater is a crucial factor to be determined for microbial risk assessment associated with its reuse. The objective of this study was to investigate probability distribution of an indicator microorganism in wastewater. Daily total coliform counts measured from nationwide wastewater treatment plants in 2010 by the Ministry of Environment were used for statistical analysis. Basic statistics and probability distributions were estimated in the three different spatial scales using the MS Excel software and FARD2006 model. Overall, wastewater from manure and livestock treatment plants demonstrated greater median coliform counts than from sewage and village treatment plants. Generalized logistic (GLO) and 2-parameter Weibull (WBU2) appeared to be the two probability distributions that fitted best for total coliform numbers in wastewater. The study results of microbial statistics and probability distributions would provide useful data for quantitative assessment of microbial risk from agricultural wastewater reuse.

저수지 관개지구의 농업용수 회귀 특성 분석

송정헌,송인홍,김진택,강문성,Song, Jung Hun,Song, Inhong,Kim, Jin-Taek,Kang, Moon Seong 한국농공학회 2015 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.57 No.1

The objective of this study was to investigate characteristics of irrigation return flow from paddy block in a reservoir irrigated district during growing seasons. The irrigation return flow was divided into three parts, quick return flow from irrigation canal (RFI), quick return flow from drainage canal (RFD), and delayed return flow (DRF). The RFI was calculated from water level and stage-discharge relationships at the ends of the irrigation canals. The DRF was estimated using measured infiltration amount from paddy fields of the irrigated district. A combined monitoring and modeling method was used to estimate the RFD by subtracting surface runoff from surface drainage. The paddy block irrigated from the Idong reservoir was selected to study the irrigation return flow components. The results showed that daily agricultural water supply (AWS), the RFI, and the RFD were $27.4mm\;day^{-1}$, $4.9mm\;day^{-1}$, and $19.8mm\;day^{-1}$, respectively in May, which were greater than other months (p<0.05). The return flow ratio of the RFI and the RFD were the greatest in July (34.6%) and May (72.3%), respectively. The daily AWS was closely correlated with the RFD (correlation coefficients of 0.76~0.86) in except for July with, while correlation coefficient with the RFI were 0.56 and 0.42 in June and July, respectively (p<0.01). The total irrigation return flow was 1,965 mm in 2011, and 1,588 mm in 2012, resulting in total return flow ratio of 84.6% and 79.1%, respectively. This results indicate that substantial amounts of agricultural water were returned to streams as irrigation return flow. Thus, irrigation return flow should be fully considered into the agricultural water resources planning in Korea.

연단위 관개효율 변화를 고려한 관개지구 용수 공급량 모의

송정헌,송인홍,김진택,강문성,Song, Jung Hun,Song, Inhong,Kim, Jin Taek,Kang, Moon Seong 한국수자원학회 2015 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.48 No.6

본 연구에서는 관개효율의 연별 변화와 필요수량을 고려하여 추정된 관개지구 용수 공급량이 현장에서 실제 공급되는 수량을 잘 모의하는지를 평가하였다. 대상지구로 이동저수지 지구를 선정하여, 2001~2009년 기간에 대한 실측 공급량 자료를 구축하였다. 관개효율, 물꼬높이, 침투량 등 총6개의 매개변수에 대해 민감도 분석, 보정 및 검정을 수행하였다. 민감도 분석결과, 관개효율이 가장 민감한 매개변수로 나타났다. 관개효율은 가장 민감하게 나타난 점과 연마다 값이 달라지는 특징을 반영하여 연별로 보정하였다. 통계적 지표 산정 결과 월단위에 대한 PBIAS, NSE, 그리고 RSR은 보정기간 동안 각각 2.7%, 0.93, 0.26로, 검정기간 동안 각각 3.9%, 0.89, 0.32로 매우 우수하게 나타났다. 따라서 비록 농업용수 공급량은 인위적 요소이나, 적절한 매개변수 값을 사용하여 모의한다면 모의치가 실측치와 유사하게 모의될 수 있을 것이다. 하지만 대상지구의 실측 자료가 확보되지 않아 보정되지 않은 매개변수를 사용하는 경우 결과가 매우 안 좋을 수 있을 가능성이 나타났다. 따라서 농업용수 공급량의 모의 시 적절한 매개변수의 선정은 매우 중요할 것으로 사료되며, 특히 관개효율은 연별로 보정하는 것을 제안한다. The objective of this study was to evaluate simulation of agricultural water supply considering yearly variation of irrigation efficiency. The water supply data of the Idong reservoir from 2001 through 2009 was collected and used for this study. Total 6 parameters including irrigation efficiency (Es), drainage outlet height, and infiltration, were used for sensitivity analysis, calibration, and validation. Among the parameters, the Es appeared to be the most sensitivity parameter. The Es was calibrated on a yearly basis considering sensitivity and time-varying characteristic, while other parameters were set to fixed values. The statistics of percent bias (PBLAS), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and root means square error to the standard deviation of measured data (RSR) for a monthly step were 2.7%, 0.93, and 0.26 for the calibration, and 3.9%, 0.89, and 0.32 for the validation, correspondently. The results showed a good agreement with the observations. This implies that the modeling only with appropriate parameter values, apart from modeling approaches, can simulate the real supply operation reasonably well. However, the simulations with uncalibrated parameters from previous studies produced poor results. Thus, it is important to use calibrated values, and especially, we suggest the Es's yearly calibration for simulating agricultural water supply.

농업용 저수지 둑 높이기에 따른 홍수조절효과 분석

전상민,강문성,송인홍,황순호,김계웅,박지훈,Jun, Sang Min,Kang, Moon Seong,Song, Inhong,Hwang, Soon Ho,Kim, Kyeung,Park, Jihoon 한국농공학회 2013 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.55 No.6

About 74 % of reservoirs in Korea are older than 40 years and their storage capacities have been decreased substantially. As part of reservoir reinforcement, the dam heightening project has been ongoing for about 110 reservoirs. The main purpose of the dam heightening project is to secure additional environmental water, while improving flood control capacity by gaining additional storage volume. The objective of this study was to evaluate reservoir flood control capacity changes of dam heightening reservoirs for effective management of additional storage volume. In this study, 13 reservoirs were selected for reservoir simulation of 200 year return period floods. Rainfall data of 1981-2100 were collected and divided into 4 periods (1981-2010; 1995s, 2011-2040; 2025s, 2041-2070; 2055s, 2071-2100; 2085s). Probability rainfalls and 200yr design floods of each period were calculated using FARD2006 and HEC-HMS. Design floods were used as inputs of each reservoir simulation using HEC-5. Overall, future probability rainfalls and design floods tend to increase above the past 1995s. Control ratios were calculated to evaluate flood control capacities of reservoirs. As a result, average flood control ratios were increased from 32.6 % to 44.2 % after dam heightening. Control ratios were increased by 12.7 % (1995s), 12.4 % (2025s), 10.3 % (2055s) and 10.9 % (2085s). The result of this study can be used as a basis for establishing the reservoir management structure in the future.