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공용구(Yong?Ku Kong),손성태(Seong?Tae Sohn),한준구(Jun?Goo Han) 대한인간공학회 2010 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.29 No.5
Many researches for grip strengths, using diverse ways such as subject, equipment, posture, method, has been conducted to investigate the differences of grip performance of dominant hand and non-dominant hand. It is hard to conclude, however, with one single or simple answer for this question based on researches due to various findings. Although 'the 10% rule' which is the dominant hand may produces a 10% greater grip strength than the non-dominant hand was often mentioned for this issue, there is still lack of supports for utilizing to general cases. This manuscript provides an overall review on the 53 research papers which were measured grip strengths of dominant as well as non-dominant hand in various conditions. According to this review study, many research findings reported that overall the grip strength differences between dominant and non-dominant hands were 6~10%, regardless of gender and age, followed by 0~5%, 11~15%, and over 16%. More detail information for grip strengths in both hands for gender and age groups were also presented in this study.
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수공구 손잡이 형태에 따른 청ㆍ노년층의 악력과 손가락 힘 및 편안함 분석
공용구(Yong?Ku Kong),손성태(Seong?Tae Sohn),김대민(Dae?Min Kim),정명철(Myung?Chul Jung) 대한인간공학회 2009 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.28 No.2
The purpose of this study was to evaluate aging (young and old), gender (male and female), and handle shape effects on grip force, finger force, and subjective comfort. Four handle shapes of A, D, I, and V were implemented by a multi-finger force measurement (MFFM) system which was developed to measure every finger force with different grip spans. Forty young (20 males and 20 females) and forty old (20 males and 20 females) subjects participated in twelve gripping tasks and rated their comfort for all handles using a 5-point scale. Grip forces were calculating by summation of all four forces of the index, middle, ring and little fingers. Results showed that young males (283.2N) had larger gripping force than old males (235.6N), while young females (151.4N) had lower force than old females (153.6N). Young subjects exerted the largest gripping force with D-shape due to large contribution of the index and middle fingers and the smallest with A-shape; however, old subjects exerted the largest with I-shape and the smallest with V-shape due to small contribution of the ring and little fingers. As expected, the middle finger had the largest finger force and the little finger had the smallest. The fraction of contribution of index and ring fingers to grip force differed among age groups. Interestingly, young subjects provided larger index finger force than ring finger force, whereas old subjects showed that larger ring finger forces than index finger force in the griping tasks. In the relationship between performance and subjective comfort, I-shape exerting the largest grip force had less comfort than D-shape producing the second largest grip force. The findings of this study can provide guidelines on designing hand tool handle to obtain better performance as well as users' comfort.
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광삼효과를 이용한 흑백 대비에서의 여러 글자크기에 대한 주관적 평가와 분석
공용구(Yong-Ku Kong),김대민(Dae-Min Kim),손성태(Seong-Tae Sohn),한준구(Jun-Goo Han) 대한인간공학회 2010 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.29 No.1
Irradiation is a phenomenon that causes white objects on a black background to appear to spread into near dark backgrounds, but the reverse is not. In this study, the effects of font size and thickness of letters on the legibility were investigated in combinations of black letters/white background as well as white letters/black background. Ten subjects who had been no disease of eyes and their eyesight is over 1.0 were recruited and tested subjective assessments of letter sizes for various font sizes (2pt to 80pt) and thickness of letters (normal, bold) under 600lux illumination and 50㎝-distance of eyes and target letters for this study. Ming-style font type which was generally used in text of books, papers, and joumals were tested in this study. Results showed that generally people subjectively assessed the white letters on black background (W/B) were larger sizes of letters than the black letters on white background (B/W) even both letter sizes were the same in both nomlal and bold thickness of letters. This phenomenon was happened in case of only over 22 font size (with border line about 22-24pts). Less than 22 font sizes, many people reported that both letters (W/B and B/W) are looks the same sizes in normal as well as bold letters. These findings were interpreted also by the in"adiation phenomenon and more detail information was presented in this manuscript.
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하지 자세가 근전도, 심박수 그리고 불편도에 미치는 영향분석
공용구(Yong-Ku Kong),김대민(Dae-Min Kim),이수진(Soojin Lee),이재훈(Jae-Hoon Lee),이용호(Yong-Ho Lee),이경숙(Kyung-Suk Lee),손성태(Seong-Tae Sohn) 대한인간공학회 2009 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.28 No.1
Repetitive movement, inadequate working posture, overuse of force, physical contact with sharp edge, vibration and temperature were well known risk factors of WMSDs (Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders). Many researchers have investigated the relationship between inadequate working postures and incidences of WMSDs of the upper extremities, whereas relatively few researchers have tried to evaluate workload associated with the lower-body postures. The effects of lower-limb postures including various knee flexion angles on the subjective discomfort, heart rate and EMG of lower-limb muscles were investigated in this study. Thirty graduate students were asked to maintain thirteen different body postures, and heart rate and EMG data of five muscle groups (electro spine, biceps femoris, vastus medialis, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior) from each posture were collected during fifteen minutes sustaining tasks. All participants were also asked to report their discomfort ratings of body parts. Results showed that high subjective discomfort ratings and heart rates were reported at the postures of knee angles of 60° and 90°, whereas low discomfort ratings were founded at the postures of chair heights with 20cm, 40cm, and sitting with crossed legged. The change of median frequency for each muscle group during fifteen minutes tasks was investigated for each body posture to evaluate the relationship between muscle fatigue and body posture. It was found that the trends of changes of median frequency were different based on muscle group as well as lower-limb body posture from this study.
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