접지전극 형상에 따른 대지표면전위분포

백영환(Young-Hwan Baek),이복희(Bok-Hee Lee),이봉(Feng Li),양순만(Soon-Man Yang),이규선 (Kyu-Sun Lee ) 대한전기학회 2008 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.7

Surface Potential Distribution according to Grounding Electrode Shapes

백영환(Young-Hwan Baek),이복희(Bok-Hee Lee),이봉(Feng Li),양순만(Soon-Man Yang),이규선(Kyu-Sun Lee) 대한전기학회 2008 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.7(초록집)

축소모델을 이용한 접지전극 주변의 위험전압 평가

백영환(Young-Hwan Baek),이복희(Bok-Hee Lee) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2010 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.24 No.6

본 논문에서는 접지에 관련된 문제를 실제 현장데이터로부터 해결할 수 있는 유용한 방법을 제안하기 위하여 실규모와 축소모델 접지전극 주변에서 측정된 접촉전압, 보폭전압과 표면전위분포에 대한 실험결과를 기술하였다. 사례연구로서 가로등, 교통신호등과 제어기와 같은 도로시설물의 설치에 사용되는 콘크리트 기초좌대 주변의 대지표면전위분포와 위험전압을 측정하고 검토하였다. 균질의 토양을 모의하기 위하여 직경이 1,160[mm]인 반구형 용기를 사용하였다. 그 결과, 축소모델을 이용하여 측정한 결과는 실규모 설비에서 얻은 결과와 잘 일치하였으며, 축소모델 실험은 산악, 지하, 수중 등과 같이 접근할 수 없는 장소에 설치된 접지전극 주변의 위험전압을 평가하는 유용한 수단으로 이용될 수 있음이 확인되었다. In this paper, to propose a valid method solving a problem relevant to grounding from actual field data, the experimental results relevant to touch and step voltages and surface potential profiles measured around the real-sized and small-sized grounding electrode models were described. The ground surface potential profiles and dangerous voltages around the concrete pedestals employed in street facilities such as street lamps, traffic signal lamp and controllers as a case study were measured and discussed. The hemispherical cell with a diameter of 1,160[mm] was employed to simulate uniform soil. As a result, the results measured with the small-sized model were in reasonably agreement with the data obtained from the real-sized installation. It was found that the small-sized model test could be employed as a useful means evaluating the dangerous voltages around grounding electrodes installed at the inaccessible areas such as mountains, underground, underwater, and so on.

Actual Conditions of Voltage and Current Harmonics on Low-voltage Power Systems Supplying Various Facilities

이복희,백영환,Lee, Bok-Hee,Baek, Young-Hwan The Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrica 2005 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.19 No.4

본 연구는 각종 부하에 전력을 공급하고 있는 저압 전원계통에 나타나는 전압과 전류고조파의 실태조사에 관한 것으로 22.9[kV]/380[V]/220[V] 수전용 변압기 2차측 모선에서 측정하고, 그 결과를 IEEE와 IEC의 고조파 제한규격과 비교하여 검토하였다. 본 연구 대상의 전원선의 전압 종합왜형률은 적정수준으로 $5[\%]$이하이었다. 이에 반하여 전류왜형은 전압보다 매우 크게 나타났으며, 전류고조파는 전압고조파보다 훨씬 크게 나타났으며, 전류고조파 왜형율은 $15.7\~60.4[\%]$로 매우 넓은 범위에 분포되어 있다. 특히 개인용 컴퓨터와 형광조명을 주로 사용하는 사무용 건물의 전원선 전류왜곡은 공장의 부하전류의 왜곡에 비해 심하게 나타났다. 본 연구 조사 대상의 전원선 고조파 실태에서 전압고조파는 IEEE와 IEC규격의 제한값 이내이었지만 전류고조파는 이들 규격의 제한을 훨씬 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. This paper presents the actual conditions and reform measures of voltage and current harmonics being made in low-voltage power systems supplying various loads. The measurements were carried out at the secondary output terminals of 22.9[kV]/380[V]220[V] customer's transformers, and the results were discussed on the basis of the comparison with IEEE and IEC harmonics control standards. The voltage THDs of the power systems employed in this survey were less than $5[\%]$ that is considered to be acceptable. On the contrary, the current distortions were significantly greater than the voltage distortions, and the current THDs were distributed over the wide-range from 15.7 to $60.4[\%]$. In particular, the current distortion on the low voltage power lines of office buildings in which many PC and fluorescent lamps are used is remarkably more serious than that of factory facilities. As a result, the voltage distortion factors are observed within the range of its allowable level or less than the limits, but the current distortion factors are significantly greater than the limits of IEEE and IEC standards.

낙뢰에 의해 방사된 전계와 자계 파형의 파라미터

이복희,백영환,이우철,Lee, Bok-Hee,Baek, Young-Hwan,Lee, Woo-Chul 한국조명전기설비학회 2006 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.20 No.5

본 논문은 낙뢰에 의해서 방사된 전계와 자계 파형의 물리적 특성과 파라미터분석에 대한 것으로 낙뢰에 의한 전계와 자계 파형은 각각 평판형 전계센서와 루프형 자계센서로 검출되고, 측정된 신호는 12 비트의 해상도, 10[MS/s] 샘플링, 10[ms]의 기록시간을 가지는 데이터취득시스템으로 기록하였다. 낙뢰에 의해 발생한 전계와 자계 파형의 극성의존성은 거의 없었으며, 상승시간은 $13[{\mu}s]$이내이고 정 부극성의 평균값은 각각 $4.1[{\mu}s],\;4.2[{\mu}s]$이었다. 정 부각성의 영점교차시간은 각각 $65.2[{\mu}s],\;67.0[{\mu}s]$이고, 반전딥의 깊이는 38.0[%], 40.3[%]이었다. This paper deals with the physical properties and statistical analysis of waveform parameters of electric and magnetic folds radiated from lightning return strokes. The lightning electric and magnetic fields were detected by an plate-type electric field sensor and a loop-type magnetic field sensor respectively, and they were recorded by a data acquisition system having a resolution of 12bits, a sampling rate of 10[MS/s] and recording length of 10[ms]. As a result, a little difference between the parameters of electric and magnetic fields for positive and negative polarities was observed. The rise times of electric and magnetic fields were within the range of less than $13[{\mu}s]$ and the average values for positive and negative polarities were $4.1[{\mu}s]\;and\;4.2[{\mu}s]$, respectively. The average values of the zero-to zero crossing times were $65.2[{\mu}s]\;and\;67.0[{\mu}s]$, and the average depths of the dip to opposite polarity were 38.0[%] and 40.3[%], for positive and negative polarities, respectively.

SF₆/CO₂혼합기체 중에서 뇌임펄스코로나방전의 특성

이복희,백영환,오성균,안창환,Lee, Bok-Hee,Baek, Young-Hwan,Oh, Sung-Kyun,Ahn, Chang-Hwan 한국조명전기설비학회 2006 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.20 No.1

본 논문은 불평등 전계의 $SF_6/CO_2$혼합기체 중에서 전구방전특성에 대한 실험결과를 제시한다. 임펄스 전구방전 진전을 코로나 전류와 방전광 이미지의 측정으로 조사하였다. 정 부극성의 전구방전 진전메커니즘은 기본적으로 같았으며, 초기스트리머코로나는 침전극의 끝단에서 발단되어 계단상으로 진전하는 리더에 의해 시험갭을 교락시킨다. 정극성에서 리더펄스의 휴지시간은 부극성에서보다 매우 짧았다. 또한 부극성에서 초기스트리머코로나와 절연파괴사이의 시간간격은 정극성에서보다 매우 길게 나타났다. 정극성에서 방전채널경로는 임의적으로 나타났으며, 부극성에서 리더 채널은 정극성에서 보다 굵고 밝게 나타났다. This paper presents experimental results relating to the preliminary breakdown characteristics in $SF_6/CO_2$ gas mixtures under a highly non-uniform electric field. The impulse pre-breakdown developments are investigated by the measurements of corona current and light emission images. As a result, the preliminary breakdown development mechanisms for both the positive and negative polarities were fundamentally same. The first streamer corona was initiated at the tip of needle electrode, and the leaders developed with a stepwise propagation and bridged the test gap. The pause time of leader pulses in the positive polarity was significantly shorter than that in the negative polarity. Also, the time interval between the first streamer corona onset and breakdown in the negative polarity was much longer than that in the positive polarity. The discharge channel path in the positive polarity was zigzag, and the leader channel in the negative polarity was thicker and brighter than that in the positive polarity.

저압 전원계통에서 고조파 양상의 분석에 관한 연구

이복희(Bok-Hee Lee),백영환(Young-Hwan Baek) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2004 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.5월

This paper presents the aspect and distribution of voltage and current harmonics being made at low voltage power systems. The voltage and current harmonics in power systems supplying various loads were monitored and analyzed. We have examined the results compared to advanced countries’ harmonics control standards. As a result, the current harmonics were significantly greater than the voltage harmonics. In particular, the harmonics of currents flowing through loads with power switching electronics was pronounced. Also, the contents of current harmonics of street lamp circuits was about 30%, and it was decreased to 12.3% with the installation of series reactor. On the whole, The measured results of voltage and current harmonics exceeds the regulation limits recommended by IEEE Std 519-1992.

대지구조에 따른 대지표면전위의 분석

李福熙(Bok-Hee Lee),白英煥(Young-Hwan Baek),鄭鉉郁(Hyun-Wook Jung) 대한전기학회 2007 전기학회논문지 Vol.56 No.10

This paper presents electric potential rise on the surface of the earth due to ground currents. It is the aim of this paper to propose fundamental data relevant to the earth surface potentials depending on the soil structures. The earth potential rise, touch and step voltages in the immediate vicinity of the ground rod of a distribution pole were measured and analyzed. The results described in this paper are based on laboratory measurements which were intended to simulate conditions existing in actual installations. As a result, the earth surface potential rise, touch and step voltages strongly depend on the soil structure. The highest earth surface potential occurred in the vicinity of the top of ground rod. When the ground rod was installed in the distance range of 1~1.5 m from distribution pole, the highest touch voltages appeared near the place of 1 m on the straight line connecting the distribution pole to ground rod.

일반형이 아닌 피뢰침의 설치 실태에 대한 통계적 조사

이복희(Bok-Hee Lee),이석연(Seok-Yeon Lee),이수봉(Su-Bong Lee),백영환(Young-Hwan Baek),이규선(Kyu-Sun Lee),김동성(Dong-Sung Kim) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2006 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.5월

The conception of early streamers is in sufficient and inadequate as a parameter for the determination of any advantage of early streamer emission(ESE) lightning rods versus ordinary lightning rods. Thus, standards for many other national and international lightning protection as well as KS C IEC 61024-1 do not take ESE lightning rods, charge dissipation systems or non-conventional lightning rods. Unfortunately, many non-conventional lightning rods such as ESE lightning rods and charge dissipation systems in Korea are increasingly used in lightning protection of structures including explosive manufacturing buildings, electric generating, transmission and distribution systems. This study attempts to make aware of no advantage of ESE rods and other non-conventional lightning protection systems and to investigate the present status of installations of ESE lightning rods.

임펄스전류에 의한 토양의 종류별 이온화 특성

이복희(Bok-Hee Lee),김회구(Hoe-Gu Kim),박건훈(Geon-Hun Park),백영환(Young-Hwan Baek) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2008 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.22 No.12

이 논문은 뇌 임펀스전류에 의한 접지시스템의 과도적 득성에 관련된 토양의 이온화 현상과 파라미터를 기술하였다. 몇 가지 토양에서 빌생하는 이온화 특성을 실험적으로 조사하였다. 절연파괴 임계전계강도와 이온화 반경을 용이하게 분석하기 위하여 원주형 실험용기를 사용하였다. 전압과 전류 파형을 기초로 모양의 절연파괴 임계전계강도, 임피던스의 임펄스 전류 크기에 대한 의존성, V-I곡선과 과도임피던스를 검토하였다. 이온화 과정과 비선형 특성은 토양 종류에 매우 의존적이며, 포장용수량의 토양에서 2개의 전류피크는 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구 결과는 토양의 이온화를 고려하여 임펄스전류의 영향을 받는 접지시스템의 과도적 성능의 향상에 유용한 정보가 될 것이다. This paper presents the soil ionization phenomena and parameters associated to characterize the transient performances of grounding system under lightning impulse currents. Ionization properties in occuring some soil media were experimentally investigated. The cylinchical test cell was employed in order to facilitate the analysis of soil breakdown field intensity and ionized radius. The soil breakdown field intensity, dependence of impedance on the amplitude of impulse current, V-I curves and transient impedances were discussed based on the voltage and current oscillograms. It was found that the ionization process and dynamic behaviors were strongly dependent on the types of soil and two current peaks were not observed in highly water-saturated soils. The results presented in this paper will provide useful information on the improvement of transient performance of a grounding system subjected to lightning impulse current considering the soil ionization.