전립선암세포주에서 Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor에 의한 MMP-7, MMP-13의 증가

김태형(Tae Hyoung Kim),명순철(Soon Chul Myung),김영선(Young Sun Kim),강군현(Goon Hyun Kang),임인자(In Ja Lim),방효원(Hyo Weon Bang) 대한비뇨기종양학회 2004 대한비뇨기종양학회지 Vol.2 No.2

평활근세포의 칼슘-작동성 포타슘 전류에 미치는 2가 양이온의 효과

방효원,이무열,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1994 中央醫大誌 Vol.19 No.3

Potassium channels participate in controlling mechanism of membrane excitability and contractile activity in gastric antral smooth muscle. Especially, the large conductance Ca^2+ -activated K^+ channel is more important and abundant in many types of smooth muscle cels. From these studies gastric antral smooth muscle cells were used to clarify the effects of divalent cations on Ca^2+ -activated K^+ channel. Mg^2+ and Ba^2+ were used because many physiological roles were studied with them. Inside-out mode of patch clamp techique was used. Ca^2+ -activated K^+ channels were found and they showed typical characteristics of the channel such as voltage and Ca^2+ dependency. Mg^2+ increased the channel activity dose dependently. And the effects were saturated about 2mM. However Mg^2+ decreased the single channel current dose dependently. Ba^2+ affacted the channel activity more complex than Mg^2+. It increased the channel activity at lower Ba^2+ and Ca^2+ concentrations, but decreased at higher Ca^2+ and Ba^2+ concentrations. Membrane potential also affected the effects of Ba^2+. As the increase of Ba^2+ concentration beginning point of Ba^2+ effects shifted the to left of membrane potential axis. From the results it could be suggeted that Mg^2+ and Ba^2+ can modulate the activity of Ca^2+ -activated K^+ channel in gastric antral smooth muscle.

쥐 감각신경세포의 칼슘전류 : Perforated Patch Technique

방효원,홍정훈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1996 中央醫大誌 Vol.21 No.2

갓 태어난 백서 척수후근 신경절세포를 효소를 사용하여 단일세포로 분리하였다. 이들 세포중 small diameter 세포를 골라 배양 전 및 배양 후 칼슘전류를 기록 비교하였다. 1. 척수후근 신경절세포 중 small diameter 세포에서 T-type 및 L-type, N-type 칼슘전류가 존재함을 관찰하였다. 2. Small diameter 세포를 나타나는 칼슘전류의 형태중 T-type을 기준으로 3종류로 구분하였다. 첫째 군에서 T-type 칼슘전류는 총 칼슘전류의 대부분을 차지하고 N-type과 L-type은 아주작게 나타났다. 둘째 군에서는 T-type 및 N-type, L-type이 모두 뚜렷히 나타나며 L-type과 N-type의 크기는 비슷하고 T-type은 이들의 50%정도 크기를 보인다. 셋째 군은 L-type과 N-type만 나타나고 T-type은 보이지 않는 군이다. 이들 세군에 대한 크기별 구분은 뚜렷하지 않았다. 3. Small diameter 세포를 배양할 경우 칼슘전류가 변화되며 특히 T-type의 변화가 뚜렷하여 줄어 들거나 없어지는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 백서 척수후근 신경절에 존재하는 같은 크기의 세포라도 서로 다른 칼슘전류가 존재하므로 이들이 서로 다른 감각을 전달할 수 있으리라 생각되며, 이들 세포에 존재하는 칼슘전류는 선택적인 조절이 가능하므로 이들이 전도하는 감각정보 전달의 선택적 조절도 또한 가능하리라 본다. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of new born rat were isolated with enzymatic digestion. Calcium current subtypes were studies in non-cultured and cultured small diameter cells of DRG. 1. There kinds of calcium currents - T, L and N-type - were obsserved in a small diameter DRG cell bodies. 2. Small diameter of non-cultured DRG cell which fell into three groups according to the charatheristics of T-type calcium current. First group showed that T-type calcium current was a main current in whole cell calcium current, and the other two kinds of calcium currents were very small in size. Second group also had three kinds of calcium currents but T-type was a half of N- and L -type calcium currents. The last group had no T-type calcium current and showed equal sizes in L- and N-type calcium currents. Diffeernces of current sizes between three groups were not significant. 3. After 4 or 5 days of culture condition, expression of calcium current, especially T-type calcium current was diminished or disappeared. We concluded that there was significant variaton in the expression of T-, L- and N-type calcium currents in the small diameter DRG neruon cell bodies. DRG neurons may transmit differnt sensory modalities even in the same size cells. Thus, modulation of individual subtypes of calcium current could result in the selective modulation of different sensory modalities.

위 평활근 세포의 활동전압을 이루는 CI^-전류성분에 관한 연구

방효원,이종찬,이무열,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1993 中央醫大誌 Vol.18 No.3

Chloride current has been known as a part of backgroud current. Recently, its roles in the maintenance of action potential have much attention. The purposes of the present study are clarifying the chloride current component which might play an important role in generation and maintenance of the action potential in the pyloric circular smooth musele cells. We used the whold cell voltage clamp techniques to assess the current and voltage responses induced by caffeine superfusion. The results were as follow: 1. Caffeine superfusion induced the increase of inward currents in the hyperpolarized potential ranges, and the increase of outward currents in the depolarized ranges. 2. Sodium ion removal from the external medium and the addition of cadmium ion rarely affected these current response. 3. Duration of the action potential was elongated by application of the caffeine and modified by the change of the intracellular chloride ion concentraion. 4. The effect of caffeine superfusion on the action potential disappeared by the addition of the anion channel blocker. The results suggest that caffeine superfusion may prolong the duration of repolarized phase of the action potential probably by the chloride current activation in the gastric antral smooth muscle.

위 유문동 평활근세포의 Caffeine 활성화 전류에 미치는 Ascorbate의 효과

이무열,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1992 中央醫大誌 Vol.17 No.4

In order to observe the effects of ascorbate on the background current in pyloric circular smooth muscle cells, caffeine of which action was fairly clarified, was used to induce the current systems. To block all of the known currents, various blocking agents were added in the external bathing solution. A part of pyloric circular muscle tissue was excised out, and enzymatic isolation technique was used to obtain Ca^2+ -tolerant single circular muscle cells. The whole cell mode of patch-clamp experiment was conducted. The results were as follows : 1. Ascorbate induced the increase of inward currents in the hyperpolarized potential ranges, and quite a large increase of outward currents in the depolarized ranges. 2. Caffeine also induced similar results, but the magnitude of outward current was smaller than that of assorbate in the depolarized ranges. 3. These phenomena were disappeared by addition of the anion channel blocker. 4. Replacement of external NaCl with NMG·Cl was rarely affected the effects of ascorbate and and caffeine. But the effects of ascorbate and caffeine were almost abolished when sxternal Cl^- was substituted for aspartate. These results suggested that ascorbate affected chloride current which thought as a component of the background currents in the pyloric circular smooth muscle cells.

한국산 뱀독이 개구리 심실근육세포의 수축력과 활동전압에 미치는 영향

한형일,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1984 中央醫大誌 Vol.9 No.3

In order to observe the effects of freeze-dried saliva of Agkistrodon caliginosus and Agkistrodon saxatilis, the Korean poisonous snakes, on the contractility and action potential of frog ventricular muscle cells, the isometric tension in a vertical chamber and the action potential in horizontal chamber were recorded and analyzed. The following results were obtained; 1. ED_50, to reduce the contractility was 4-8ug/ml in the case of A. saxatilis and 8-16ug/ml in the case of A. caliginosus which all were higher than that of A. brevicaudus and the inhibitory effect on the contractility was greater in the case of A. saxatilis than that of A. caliginosus. 2. In the case of A. saxatilis, APD_50(time to repolarize 50% of action potential amplitude) decreased from 820±80 ms to 710±60 ms, the overshoot and the V max(Maximum depolarization rate) decreased from 34±8 mV to 18±4 mV, from 98±8 V/s to 89±4 V/s respectively. 3. In the case of A. caliginosus, ADP_50 decreased from 880±70 ms to 720±40 ms, the overshoot and the V max decreased from 28±6 mV to 20±4 mV, from 89±8V/s to 77±12V/s, respectively. 4. Inhibition of contractility and overshoot potential were more prominent in A. saxatilis and APD_50 was more decreased in A. caliginosus. The above result showed that Korean snake venoms would decrease the ionic current underlying the rapid upstroke phase and slow inward currents by calcium ions simultaneously in a frog ventricular muscle cells.

한국산 뱀독이 개구리 심방근 수축에 미치는 효과

한종희,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1984 中央醫大誌 Vol.9 No.1

In order to observe the effect of freeze-dried saliva of Korean venomous snake, Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus, on the contractility of spontaneously beating frog atrial muscle, a muscle strip was prepared and immersed in a vertical force recording chamber in frog Ringer solution containing 10^-7M propranolol. Isometric contraction was recorded and the following results wers obtained. 1. Developed tension of an atrial muscle strip increased with the increase of external calcium ion concentration, from 0.66mM up to 3.3mM but little change was observed in spontaneously beating frequency. 2. Inverse relationship was observed between the contractility and its driving frequency in venomtreated group. 3. The contractility decreased slightly in high(16∼32㎍/m㎖) venom concentration group but the beating frequency showed no definite correlation with the venom concentration. The above results suggested that Korean snake venom inhibited the influx of calcium ion across cell membrane to reduce the contractility like that in a ventricular muscle cell although the degree was slight.

한국산 뱀독이 개구리 심장심실 근육 세포의 활동전압에 미치는 영향

정해성,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1984 中央醫大誌 Vol.9 No.2

Action potential of a frog ventricular cell was studied by conventional 3M KCI glass microelectrodes to investigate the effect of freeze-dried Korean snake venom. Following results were obtained; 1. Time to repolarize 50% of its action potential increased from 756±26mS to 796±17mS. 2. The notch which would be seen after the fast depolarization disappeared and the overshoot potential significantly decreased from 24.4±0.9㎷ to 17.8±2.3㎷. 3. Positive depolarization rate (dV/dt max) decreased from 22.8±0.8V/s to 18.8±0.8V/s. 4. Resting membrane potential was -95±3.0㎷ and showed little change. Above results would be interpreted that the Korean snake venom blocked the fast sodium channel and slow calcium channel simultaneously to reduce the contractility and activation of potassium channel which could result the prolongation of action potential duration.

집토끼 동방결절의 활동전압에 미치는 Vanadate의 효과

조용문,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1984 中央醫大誌 Vol.9 No.3

In order to investigate the electrphysiological effect of vanadate, a potent inhibitor of Na^+-K^+ pump, on the cardiac muscle, the alteration of transmembrane potential as influenced by the drug was measured in rabbit SA rodes in vitro by means of KCI glass intracellular microelectrodes. The followings were results of findings: 1. The rate of spontaneous firing was decreased in the presence of vanadate and the maximum inhibition which was about 50% of contral level was obtained at drug concentrations of 10^-3 M or higher. 2. The maximum diastolic potential(M.D.P.) was depressed by vanadate in a dose-dependent manner and the maximum inhibitory effect was obtained at the drug concentration of 10^-3 M. However the peripheral pacemaker cells were more resistant to the drug effect than the central pacemaker cells at lower concentrations of the drug. 3. In both central and perepheral pacemaker cells, vanadate had no effect on the M.D.P. in concentrations up to 5×10^-4 M. However on at 5×10^-2 M, the drug depressed the M.D.P. in the peripheral cells. 4. Changes of the action potential induced by vanadate were qualitatively similar to those occuring when the calcium concentration of the bathing medium was raised to 4mM. These results may be interpreted as that vanadate increases the rate of Ca^++ influx info the cell in S-A nodes.

위 유문동 평활근 세포에서 Caffeine에 의해 활성화되는 이온 전류에 관한 연구

정인원,이무열,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1992 中央醫大誌 Vol.17 No.3

In order to clarify the existence of the non-selective cationic channel of CI^- -channel in gastric antral smooth muscle cells which suggested to play a critical role in generation and maintenance of depolarization and exitability, the whole cell mode of patch-clamp experiment was conducted. Following results were obtained ; 1. Puff injection of caffeine induced the increase of inward currents in the hyperpolarized holding potential ranges, and the increase of outward currents in the hypopolarized range. 2. In the case of blocking of all known currents, these current components were observed. 3. These current components were disappeared when known as a Cl^- -channel blocking agent was treated and intracellular EGTA concentration was increased. The above results could be concluded that these current components strongly suggested as a Ca^2+ -dependent Cl^- current in the gastric antral smooth muscle cells.